Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/230

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bright "red flowers. ' 45. The American pbafeolm, withafiriu- ated and fpear-pointed leaf. 46. The knotty -rooted American pbafeolm, with purple flowers, and very narrow pods. 47. The knotty-rooted American pbafeolm, with yellow flowers and knotty pods. 48. The hairy phafeolw of America, with knotted pods. 49. The largeft American pbafeolm, with a great pod) and a hard fcarlet fruit. 50. The large American pbafeolm, with a great flower and with (lender crooked pods. 51. The hairy American pbafedm, with jointed pods. 52. The American pbafeolm, with a tuberous efculent root, and With hairy, and, as it were, jointed pods. 5 3. The Ameri- can pbafeolm, with a cochleated flower, and falcated pods. 54. The American fea phafeolus, with a hard fruit and varie- gated feed. 55. The American pbafeolm, with fmall pods and variegated feeds. 56. The American pbafeolm, with a pyramidal fpike of flowers, and red feeds, marked with a black fpot. 57. The American pbafeolm, with a remarkabli large vexillum to the flower, and with ftrait cylindric-fhaped pods. 58. The round-leaved fea pbafeolm, with a purpli flower, a fhort-creftcd pod, and brown ftriated feeds. And 59. The pernicious wood phafeolits of America, with open pale purple flowers, and Mender biack pods, and fmall fpotted feeds. Tottm. Inft. p. 412. feq.

There are at prefent three forts of kidney-beam propagated for the table in England. Thefe are, 1. The common white or Dutch kidney-bean. 2. The fmaller kidney-bean, commonly called the Batterfea kidney-bean. And, 3. The upright fort, called the tree kidney-bean.

The firft fort was fometime ago greatly propagated in England. and is ftill in Holland : it grows very tall, and requires long flakes and poles to climb on, and its beans are confiderably broad ; this makes them lefs faleable in the markets, people fuppofing them to be old becaufe they are broad ; and they are hence grown into difufe, tho' a much more valuable kind for eating than any other.

The fecond, fort or Batterfea bean, is what is more univerfally cultivated ; it never grows very tall nor rambles far, and the air can eafily pafs between the rows, becaufe of its moderate growth; and this makes it bear plentifully and ripen well for the table. It is the belt-tailed bean, except the laft. The third, or tree kidney-beam, is alfo a plentiful bearer, and never rambles, but grows up in form of a fhrub ; but its beans are broader than the Batterfea kind, and are not fo well-tafted.

They are all propagated from feeds which are to be put into the ground in the latter end of March or beginning of April for an early crop, but thefe fhould have a warm fituation and a dry foil; they mull alfo be planted in a dry feafon. The manner of planting them is, to draw lines with a bough over the bed, at two foot and a half diftance, into which the feeds are to be dropped at about two inches afun- der, and the earth is to be drawn over them with the head of a rake, to cover them about an inch deep. In a week after fowing, the plants will appear, and the earth fhould be drawn up about their ftalks as they rife up ; for a few days after this they will require no farther care, except to be kept clear from weeds, and when the beans appear, to have them gathered twice a week ; for if the beans are fuffered to hang on too long, they not only become of no value, but they weaken the plant.

The firft crop of kidney-beans will continue a month in o-ood order; and to fupply the table afterwards, there fhould be frefh fowings in March. April, May, and June, the laft of which wil continue till the frofts come to deftroy them. Some raife their early crops < n hot-beds ; and this is to be done exactly in the fame manner as the raifing the early cu- cumbers. Millers Gard.Dicb. See the article Cucumber. PHASSACHATES, in the natural hiftory of the antients, the name of a fpecies of agate, which, iji its different appear- ances, they fometimes called alfo leucacbates and perileucos. The fame agate, from the various proportion or manner of admixture of its particles in different fpecimens, often makes a very different figure ; but no fpecies is fo liable to remark- able diverfities of this kind as this. It is but of a fmall va- riety of colours, yet is often very beautiful ; its ground or balls is always a pale bluifh grey, approaching to what we tall a lead colour, or dove colour. Sometimes it is equallv and evenly of this colour, thro' the whole mafs, but often alfo it is variegated within with veins of a deep black and of a pure and clear white : thefe fometimes approach the furface of the ftone, but more ufually they are onlv near the center • und they are almoft always difpofed in concentrical, but ir- regular circles, round one, two, or more points. The pieces of this ftone, cut where there are many of thefe veins, much refcmble parts of onyxes.

it is found in the Eaft Indies, and in Bohemia, and fome other part of Europe. When the whole matter of the veins and bafis of this ftone are all blended together into one equal mafs, as is frequently the cafe both with this and many other of the naturally veined ftones, the whole becomes of a deeper greyim blue, or a dove colour, and is then the pbajac bates ; when the veins are kept diftinft and clear, it is the leueadates and perileucos, agreeing with all the defoiptions of the antients. Ihll's Hift. of loft. p. 480.

PHAUSINGES, a name given by the antients to red circles orl the legs, occafioned by fire : it is by fome alfo extended to fevera! other fpots and blemifhcs on the fkin.

PHEANTIDES, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome to the ftone called encymonites ; it was of the nature of our fparry incruftations on the roofs of fubterrancous caverns. It was fuppofed to have great virtues in promoting delivery' and was given to women when they fell in labour."

PHEASANT, in ornithology, a bird fo nearly allied to our common poultry, that it would naturally appear a very eafy thing to breed them up. from young; but the proper food of them is not fufficiently enquired into. Tho' they eat corn when full grown and in health, yet they have recourfe in their young ftate, and when fick, to another fort of food, prey- ing on feveral infecls, and that in a very voracious manner. The young pbeafants and partridges prey upon ants ; and they will never fucceed with us if they have not a proper quan- tity of ants to have recourfe to, as foon as they leave tlicir rooft in a morning. When mufty corn, or want of due care in cleaning their houfes has made them fick, a repaft of ants will often recover them. When that fails, they may be offered millepides or car-wigs, or both together, which will always do much better than either fingly. To this me- dicine muft be added a proper care that their common food of corn be very fweet, their habitation kept nicely clean and their water fhifted twice a-day. They muft not be let out of the houfe in a morning till the dew is oft' the ground • and after fun-fet they muft be immediately taken in again - in the heat of the day they muft be allowed to lia/k in the fun in a dry fandy place. With thefe regulations the birds of this kind will fucceed much better than they ufually do The pheafant \s a bird of a fullen difpofition, and when the coupling time is over, there are feldom found more than one in a place. Phil. Tranf. N° 23.

The way of taking pbeafants is, firft to be acquainted with their haunts and breeding places ; which are ufually voung thick, and well-grown coppices, free from the diftur'bancS of cattle, and having no path-way thro' them, for the phea- fant is an extremely timorous bird. When the haunts are difcovered, the next thing to be attempted is, to find where the eye or brood is. In order to this, it is to be confidered, that the pheafant comes out of the wood three times a-day to feed in green corn, frefh paftures, or the like places The times of coming out are in the morning foon after fun-rife at noon, and at fun-fet. The fides of the wood where they are fuppofed to come out, are to be carefully watched on this occafion, and the young ones will be feen following the female juft as a flock of chickens follow the hen. The wood may be alfo well watched in the evenings, and the noife of the cock and hen calling the young ones together will foon be heard ; and the fportfman is on this occafion to get as near as he canto the place, and being very ftill and filenthe may obferve their numbers and difpofition, and learn how to fpread his nets fo as to take the whole brood with great eafe ; but if his leaft motion when near them difcover him, they will all take to their legs and run to a great diftance ; they feldom rife on thewino except very clofe frighted indeed. Praflice will make forne' people fo expert at the imitating the voice of the old pheafant that he will be able to call the young ones together to any place that he pleafes, when the haunts are once found out. and by this means they are eafily led into the nets. The beft time for ufing the call is, in the morning or even- ing; and the note imitated fhould be that by which the old ones call them out to feed ; but by learning to imitate the other notes they will be brought together at any time of the day. The fportfman who can make this call, muft fhelter himfelf in fome clofe place, and begin by very foftly making the note ; then if none are near enough to be within hear- ing, he is to raife it to more and more loudnefs, and at length he will be anfwered as loud, if any are within hearing tho' at a confiderable diftance; whereas if he fhould fet up the call too loud at firft, and any of the birds fhould happen to be very near, they would be frighted away. As foon as a pheafant anfwers, the fportfman is to creep nearer and nearer, ftill calling, tho' not fo loud ; he will ftill be an- fwered, till at length he will be led by the bird's voice with- in fight of her. As foon as this is the cafe, he is to fpread his net, and then begin to call again, keeping in fome clofe and weli-fheltered place behind the net : in this place he is to call till the bird approaches; and when he has drawn her under the net, he is to appear fuddenly, and the bird r\fm<r up will be caught in the net.

Another method of talcing pheafanfs much quicker than by this means is, the having a live cock pheafant to ufe as a ftale : this bird is to be fixed under the net, and by his crow- ing he will foon entice others in. The fportfman muft lie concealed, and as foon as another pheafant comes in, he is to draw the net over him. Many people have a method of taking pbeafants in fpringes or horfe-hair fnares : the fucceed- ing in this depends on the carefully fearching out their haunts and the places by which they go out of the woods into the fields. When thefe are. found, a peg is to be fixed in the ground at each, and at each peg two fpringes are to be laid open ; the one to take in the legs, the other the head. As

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