Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/211

 PED

PEL

cecd it by 360 feet: for the proportion of the room of one horfeman to one foot foldier he affigns as two and an half to one. Vid. Phil. Tranfafl. N°. 482. fefl. 3. rk.DE riCHE, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome of the Greek writers to the chamois goat, the creature whofe flan affords us the chamoy leather.

Theantient Greeks called this creature ixaroe, and from thence came the word ijdrus and yj/dres or y/ardai. The Latin authors of antiquity call this dama, but authors have fince applied the word dama to the eervus platyeeros, or broad-horned flat*. Ariftotle has called this laft animal prex, and his tranflators have rendered the word dama ; but they are in this to be.jinder- ftood as meaning the dama of their own times, not that of the antients, or this pedcthhe, or chamois goat. PEDICULAR^ (Cvo^-Pedicularis, Uufewort, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the charaBers of which are thefe: the flower confifts of one leaf, and is of a perfonated form, and divided into two lips ; the upper one hooded, the lower divided into three fegments : the piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower. This afterwards ripens into a capfule, divided into two cells, and containing oblong, flatted, and marginated feeds. See 1 ab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 3. The fpecies of pedhular'u enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1 . The common meadow yellow pedhularh, called yellow rattle and cockscomb. 2. The taller meadow yellow pedhula- rh, with horny flower cups. 3. The Alpine pedhularh, with pale yellow fpiked flowers. 4. The ferrated clammy-leaved meadow yellow ptdicukris. 5. The umbellated Spanifh pedl- cularh. 6. The narrow-leaved mountain pedhularh. 7. The fpiked Italian pedhularh, with changeable coloured flowers. 8. The fea pedhularh, with long ferrated leaves. 9. The narrow-leaved annual Alpine yellow pedhularh. 10. The leaft fpring annual purple pedhularh, called by fome purple eye-bright. 1 1 . The leaft annual white flowered fpring pedi- cularh. 12. The fhort blunt-leaved Englifh red pedhularh, called alfo red eye-bright. 13. The blackifh red-flowered Al- pine pedhularh, with teucrium leaves. 1 4. The fpeedwell- leaved Pyrenean pedhularh. 15. The tall germander-leaved Portugal pedhularh. 16. The late flowering purple pedhularh. 17. The late flowering yellow pedhularh. 18. The narrow flax-leaved pedhularh. 19. The Portuguefe graffy-leaved meadow paSatlarh. 20. The Spanifh marfh pedhularh, with glafs wort leaves. 2 1 . The yellow Alpine pedkularis, 22. The great fern-leaved Alpine pedhularh. 2 3. The fmall fern- leaved Alpine pedhularh. 24. The fpleen-wort leaved Al- pine pedhularh. 25. The purple Alpine pedhularh, with af- phodcl roots. 26. The broader leaved, afphodel-rooted, Al- pine, red pedhularh. 27. The common meadow purple pedicularh. 28. The white-flowered meadow pedhularh. 29. The taller red meadow pedhularh. 30. The taller white meadow pedhularh. Tourn. Inft. p. 172. A decoction of pedhularh is efteemed good againft hemorrha- ges and fluxes of all kinds. Deiuery, Diet, des drogues. PEDICULUS, the loufe, in the hiftory of infefls. °See Louse. Pediculus marinus, a name given by fome to the Molucca

crab. Ray's Ichthyogr. p. 3. See Squilla. PEDILUVIUM. The uf'es of warm bathing in general, and of the pedilumum in particular, are fo little underftood, that they are often prepofteroufly ufed, and fometimes as injudi- cioufly abftained from. Med. KIT. abr. Vol. I. p. 244. In the Medical Eliays of Edinburgh, we find an ingenious au- thor's opinion of the warm pediluvium, notwithstanding that of Borelli, Boerhaave, and Hoffman, to the contrary, to be: that the legs becoming warmer than before, the blood in them is Warmed ; this blood rarif) ing, diflends the veffels ; and in cir- culating imparts a great degree of warmth to the reft of the mafs : and as there is a portion of it conftantly pairing through the legs, and acquiring new heat there, which heat is, in the courfeot circulation, communicated to the reft of the blood; the whole mafs rarifying, occupies a larger fpace, and of con- sequence circulates with greater force. The volume of the blood being thus increafed, every veffel is diftended, and every part of the body feels the effefls of it ; the diftant parts a little later than thofe firft heated. The benefit obtained by a warm pedihcviztm is generally attributed to its making a derivation into the parts nnmerfcd, and a revulfion from thofe affedted, becaufe they are relieved ; but the cure is performed by the direct contrary method of operating, viz. bv a greater force of circulation througl, the parts affected, removing what was ftagnant, or moving too lluggiihly there. Warm bathing is of no fervice where there is an irrefolublc obftruaion, tho' by its faking off from a fpafm in general, it may feem to give a moment's cafe ; nor docs it draw from the diftant parts, but often hurts by pufhing againft matter that will not yield with a ftronger impel us of circulation than the ftretched and dif- ealed vellcls can bear : fo that where there is any fufpicion of fcirrhus, warm bathing of any fort fhould never be ufed. On the other hand, where obftrucfions are not of long (landing, and the impaclcd matter is not obflinate, warm baths may be of great life to rel'olve them quickly. In recent colds, with flight humoral peripneumonia;, they are frequently an imme- diate cure. This they eflccl by increallng the force of the cir- culation, opening the flan, and driving freely through the Suppl. Vol. iI.

lungs that leritor which ftagnated or moved flowly in thefri. As thus conducing to the refolution of obftruflions, they may be conlidered as fhort and fafe fevers; and in uli„ ? them we mutate nature, which by a fever often carries off an ob- ™! a,le ° f a chronical ailment. Borelli, Boerhaave, and Hortman are all of opinion, that the warm fediluvium acts by deriving a larger quantity of blood into the parts im- merled. But arguments mult give way to faas : the experi- ment related in the Medical Effays feems to prove to a demon- Vr™???', th 5 the w*™ pdUuvhim afls by rarifying the blood. VldMed.Efl.abr. Vol.I. p. 245. <eq.

A warm/njJfWa™, when rightly tempered, may be ufed as a late cordial, by which circulation can be roufed, or a gentle fever raifed ; with this advantage over the cordials and fudori-

a?j r£- Sj effea of them ma y be take " uff at pleafure. Med. Eff. Ed.nb. abr. Vol. I. p. 237.

Pediluma are fometimes ufed in the fmall pox; butDr.Steven- ion thinks their frequently tumultuous operations render that iulpected, and at beft of very doubtful effefl; and he there- fore prefers Monf. Martin of Laufanne's method of bathing the flcin, not only of the legs, but of the whole body, with a foft cloth dipped in warm water, every four hours, till iheerup* tion ; by which means the puftules mav become universally

PFTvh' and confe 9 ueml y more & fe. Med. Ell', abr. ib. p. 248,

flLUU, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome writers to the nputa, or father long-legs ; called alfo by others, Gruina, or the crane-fly. '

PEDRO de Perce, a fort of bezoar, called by the Portuguefe pedro de vaffar, and found in the gall bladders of the "wild boars in the Indies. It is ufually of the fize of a filbert, and ot an irregularly oval (bape ; it is generally of a pale greer.ifh colour, and of a very fmooth furface.

This fort of bezoar is extremely valued ; the Dutch Eaft In- dia fleets are feldom able to bring home more than five or fix ot the ftones, and they are purchafed at three or four hundred hvres each, by the opulent burghers, either for prefents to the great, or elfe to be handed down to their pofterity in their families ; fo great is their opinion of their virtues. I he Indians call this fpecies of bezoar, mallhha defiho, and have as high a veneration for its virtues as the Dutch. The Inhabitants of Malacca alfo efteem it greatly, not as an anti- dote againft poifon, but as a remedy for the mordixi ; a dif- eafe to which they are fubjea, and which is as fatal as the plague with us. It is alfo efteemed a very valuable medicine in the fmall pox. The method of ufing it is to fufpend it in wine or water, till it has given it an agreeable bitternefs ; and this is to be drank every morning, and as often befide as the nature of the diforder may require. The common method of keeping it is in a gold box, bored full of holes, and having a gold chain faftened to it : by this means they can dip it into liquors as they pleafe, without taking it out of the box; and by that means prevent the mifchiefs it might set by handling Bent. Med. Ind. °

PEDUNCLE, among botanifts, expreffes that little italkwh'ch grows from the trunk or branches of a plant, and fupports the parts of fructification, the flower and the fruit, or cither ■ when this is produced from the ftalk, it is called caulimm ; when Irom the ala: of the leaves, alarls; when it terminates the plant or its branches, tenuinalh.

PEDUNCULARIA, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called (azjlaphifagria, or ftavefacre ; a plant whofe feeds are uled to kill vermine. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

PEE, in mining, is ufed for the place where two veins meet and crofs one anothet, thus -f. Heugbt.n's compl. Miner, in explan. of the terms

PEGANEL^ION, a word ufed by the antients to exprefs oil, in which the leaves and flowers of rue had been infufed and lnfolated.

PEGANERON, a name given by fome old authors to a plaifter in which rue was a principal ingredient, from pegamn, the Lrreek name of rue.

PEGANON, or Pega num, a name ufed by fome authors for the ruta fylvejlrh, or wild rue; called harmala, or barmel, In the

D *°P S - t G "-- Emac. Ind. 2. See Harmala.

PEGEMUS, one of the many names by which the Chemifls have called mercury.

PEGM A, among the Romans, a wooden machine, ufed in theatri- cal entertainments, which was raifed and let down by fecret en- •rines, whence it was faid to grow. Piffc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

PEGOMANTIA,

Bi5*fi«>lit«, inantiq ity, a fpecies of divina-

tion, which was performed with fountain water. See the ar- ticle Hydromantia.

PEGORELLA, in ichthyography, a name by which fome have called a fifh of the truttaceous kind, caught in the Mediterra- nean, and more ufually called eadarias. Bel/emus de Pifc. See the article Callarias.

PELADA, a kind of alopecia, or diftempered ftate of the body, occafioning the fhedding of the hair, arifmg from a venereal caufe. Cajlel. Lex. Med.

PELjEAS, n.x^, in zoology, the name by which the antients called that fpecies of pigeon now known by the name of the Ihia and fajamlh; a grey pigeon, of a very fmall fize, and with fome variegations of purple and green. Hay's Ornithol. p. 13ft. SeeLiviA.

2 Cc PELAGIA,