Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/208

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large pea, and this continued every fortnight till die latter end of May. Miller's Gardner's Diet.

/>V^-Pease. The common white pea fucceeds heft in a light land, fomewhat rich : the time of fqwing them is in the middle of April. Three bufhels are the common allowance for an acre; and they kill the weeds a land is fubjecT: to, better than any other crop. In Staffordfhire they fow the garden rowncivals in fields, and they grow and yield very well, tho' they are left trailing upon the ground without any fupport of flicks.

The white and rowncival pea-, are only to be fown with a broad caft, and harrowed in ; but the common grey pea, which is more frequently fown in fields than either of them, muft be fown under furrow, and delights moft in a cold wet clay. Thefe are to be fown in February; and the common quantity of feed-is two bufhels to an acre. The blue pea is the beft kind for light fandy land, and is to be early fown ; all peafe love land manured with lime or with marie. In Suffolk they plough up their lays in the beginning of March, and turning the turf well, they have a crofs-ftuk fet with iron pegs, which they ftrike down with their feet : thefe pegs make holes at an even diftance ; into which they have boys and girls following to put the peafe fingly, till all the land is fet. As foon as this crop is cut, they plough the land a-crofs, and harrowing it well they plough it again, and fow it about Michaelmas with wheat, and the next year with barley, then with oats; after which the land requires new improvement. Mortimer's Husbandry.

Pease bloom-damp, in natural hiftory. See the article Damp, Cycl and Suppl.

PEAUCIER, in anatomy, a name given by Winflow, in his treatife on the head, and by other of the French writers, to the mufcle called by Albinus latiffimus alii ; and by others detrahens quadratic, and qttadratus gente. Santorini has called the part of this which arifes from the cheek, mafulus rifsrius hoVui; and fome call the whole platyjma myoides.

PEBBLES, calculi, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of foffils, dil'inguifhed from the flints and homochroa, by their having a variety of colours. Thefe are defined to be ftones, compofed of a cryftalline matter, debafed by earths of va- rious kinds in the fame fpecies, and then fubject. to veins, clouds, and other variegations ; ufually formed by incrufta- tions round a central nucleus, but fometimes the effect of a fimple concretion, and veined like the agates, by the difpo- fition, the motion of the fluid they were formed in gave their differently coloured fubffances.

The variety of pebbles, were it of England alone, is fo great, that a hafty defcriber would be apt to make almoft as many fpecies as he faw fpecimens. A careful examination will teach us, -however, to diftinguifh them into a certain number of effentially different fpecies, to which all the reft may be re- ferred, as accidental variations. "When we find the fame fub- ffances and the fame colours, or thofe refulting from a mix- ture of the fame, fuch as nature frequently makes in a num- ber of ftones, we (hall eafily be able to determine that thefe are all of the fame fpecies, tho' in different appearances; and that whether the matter be difpofed in one or two, or in twenty crufts laid regularly round a central nucleus, or thrown without a nucleus into irregular lines, or, finally, blended into a fort of uniform mafs.

Thefe are the three ftates in which we are liable to find every fpecies of pebble ; for if it have been moft naturally and re- gularly formed by incruftation round a central nucleus, we find that ever the fame in the fame fpecies, and the crufts not lefs regular and certain. If the whole have been more haftily formed, and have been the refult only of one fimple concretion, if that has happened while its different fubffances. ■were all moift and thin, they have blended together and •made a mixed mafs of the joint colour of them all ; but if they have been fomething harder when this has happened, and too far concreted to diffufe wholly among one another, they are found thrown together into irregular veins. Thefe are the natural differences of all the pebbles ; and having re- gard to thefe in the feveral variegations, all the known pebbles may be reduced to thirty-four fpecies. Hill's Hift of FofT. p. 512, feq.

Thefe are, i. A yellowifh grey one, with a bluifh white cruft, very common in the gravel pits about London, z. A yellow-centered one, with whitifh grey and reddifh crufts, very common in moft of the gravel pits about London. 3. A yellow-centered one, with white, black, brown, and ftraw- coloured crufts. This is a very beautiful one, and is very common on Hampftead-heath. 4. A dull brown-centered one, with whitifh, bluifh, and brown crufts. This is a to- lerably beautiful ftone, and is common about London. This, in a certain (late, is a very fine stites or eagle ftone See .ffiTiTES. 5. A fhining brown-centered pebble, with white and brown crufts. This is a very eleiant ftone, and is found plentifully in the gravel-pits about Iflington, and njore rarely on Haropftead-heath. ,&. A (mall brownifh yellow- centered pebble, with white, brown, red, and yellow crufts. This is an extremely elegant ftone, and is not uncommon in our gravel-pits about London, and would be worth the cutting into toys. 7. A fmall brown-centered pebble, with

greyifh white, pale brown, brown, and raldifh crufts. This is another very beautiful pebble, and is common in the gra- vel-pits on Hampftead-heath. 8. A reddifh brown-centered pebble, with yellow, red, and bluifh white crufts, common .about Kenfington, and in fome other places. 9. A brown- centered one, with white, orange-coloured, brown, and dusky yellow crufts. This is an. extremely elegant ftone, and is common about London, to. A dull brown centered one with thick whitifh, brownifh, and yeUowifh crufts. This is a very fcarce fpecies, and is of the coarfeft texture of all the pebbles, n. A bluifh white large centered pebble, with yel- Iowi(h-brown, and afh- coloured crufts; very common on Hampftead-heath and about Windfor. 12. An elegant larpe white-centered one, with flefh-coloured, brown, and bluifh- white crufts. This is found principally in Hertfordfhire, and is fometimes wrought into toys, and fold in London by the name of an agate onysc. 13. An elegant white-centered kind, with red, yellow, and flefh coloured crufts. This is found on Hampftead-heath ; and we fometimes meet wiih it wrought into vafes. 14. A greyifh-white-centered kind, with very thin and numerous brown, and yellow crufts. This is common in Hertfordfhire, and is fometimes found on Hampftead-heath. 15. A greyifh-white centered pebble, with brown, yellow, and white crufts; common on Hampftead- heath, and in the gravel-pits about Iflington. 16, A very white-centered one, with white, grey, yeliow, and fiefh-co- lourcd crufts; common in the gravel-pits about London. 17. A brownilh-white-centered one, with brownifh-white, fer- rugineous, and yellowifh crufts ; found about Windfor, and fometimes in Northamptonfhire, bedded in the ftrataof ftone. 18. A bluifh centered one, with brown and grey crufts ; com- mon in Hertfordfhire. 19. A grey- centered thick-coated one, with whitifh and red crufts. This is a fcarce fpecies, but is fometimes found about Paddington, and in fome parts of Northamptonfhire. 20. A very elegant bluifli-whitc one, with flefh-coloured and bright red crufts ; found frequently about London. 21. A bluifh-grey one, with brown, yel- low, and flefh-coloured crufts; common on Hampftead-heath, and frequently wrought into tops of fnuff-boxes. '22. A greenifli-blue-centered one, with white, yellow, flefh-coLur- ed, and red crufts ; common in many parts of England. 22. A flefh-coloured centered one, with whitifh Lirown and yel- lowifh crufts, and a very thick white external coat. This is a very uncommon fpecies about London, but in Northamp- tonfhire and Leicefterfhire is fou id in great abundance 25. A red-centered one, with i !«ck, white, and flefh-coloured crufts. This is a very rare fpecies, but is fometimes found on Hampftead-heath. 26. A yellow-centered one, with yel- low and sreenifh white crufts. This is found principally on the fhores of Yorkfhire. 27. A red-centered one, with purple and pale yellow crufb ; found on the fhores of Suflex, and fometimes in the gravel-pits about Oxford. 28. A yel- low-centered one, with grey and pale-red crufts ; found prin- cipally on the Yorkfhire fhores. 29. A pale grey-centered one, with red, purple, bluifh, and brown crufts. This is a very fcarce fpecies, and (ound principally in Hertfordfhire. 30. A black-centered one, with black and white crufts. This is a very beautiful ftone, and is fometimes wrought into fjals, £SV. under the name of the onyx. 31. A yellowifh-brown one, with brown and greyifh black crufts ; very common in Hertfordfhire and fome other countries, but feldom feen about London. 32. A pale-grey-centered kind, with white and greenifh crufls. This is a very elegant fione, and is found on the fhores of the Thames, and in the gravel-pits about Iflington. 33. A brownifh white- centered one, with yellowifh brown and black crufts. This is well known among our lapidaries by the name of the Mgyl.tian pebble. And, laftly, 34. A deep green-centered pebble, with yellow and pale-crafts. This is fometimes found in the gravel-pits about London, but is not common. Hill's Hift. of FofT p. 540.

In all the ftrata of pebbles there are conffantly found fome which are broken, and whole pieces lie very near one ano- ther ; but as bodies of fuch hardnefs could not be broken without fome confiderable violence, their prefent fituation feems to imply, that they have fuffered that great violence in or near the places where tbey now lie. Befkle thefe, there arc others alfo found which have as plainly had pieces broken off from them, tho' thofe pieces are no where to be found ; whence it feems equally plain, that whatever has been the caufe of their fracture, they have been brought broken, as we find them, from fome other place, or elfe that the pieces broken from them muft at fome time or other have been car- ried from this place to fome other diftant one. Several of thefe broken pebbles have their edges and corners fo fharp and even, that it feems evident they never can have been tofied about or removed flnce the breaking ; and others have their fides and corners fo rounded, blunted, and worn away, that they fcem to have been roughly moved and rolled about among other hard bodies, and that too either with great violence, or for a very long continuance ; flnce fuch hard bodies could not have been reduced to the condition we now fee them in wirhout long friction. It may be fuppofed by fome, that thefe ftones never were 3 broken,