Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/202

 PAT

PAT

care to endeavour with the palms of both hands, aflifted by his fingers and thumbs, to bring together and replace the frag- ments in their natural fituation; and when that is done, they miift be retained firmly together, bv means of a plaifter made in form of a half moon, or properly perforated, and then the foot and leg are to be bound up, and placed fo that they cannot be eafily moved : but to prevent the bone from being dis- placed again, the, patient muft not ufe his leg till after the ninth or tenth week. Heijler's Surg. p. 134.

Patella luxated. The patella is moft ufually luxated either on the interna! or external fide of the joint, tho' phyficlans give accounts of its being Sometimes luxated both above and below it, Whenever the knee it Self is perfectly luxated, the patella can Scarce avoid being difplaced at the Same time, becaufe of its Strong connection to the thigh and to the tibia. The reduction of a luxated patella is ufually no great difficulty. The patient is to be laid flat on his back upon a table or bed, or upon an even floor, So that his leg may be pulled out ftreight by an affiStant ; when this is Sufficiently extended, the Surgeon muSt grafp the patella with his fingers, and aSterwards, by the affiftance of his hand, preSs it Strongly into its proper place. This may be alSo pofiibly effected while the patient ftands up- right: when this is done, there remains nothing but carefully to bind up the part, and let the patient reft for Some days ; fometimes gently bending and extending his leg in the mean while, that it may not become ftiff. Heifer's Surg. p. 171.

Patella, the limpet, in natural history, the name of a genus of fhell-fifh, the characters of which are thefe: It is an univalve fhell, of a gibbous Shape, always fixed in its natural State to a rock or to Some other hard body, and having its apex or Summit Sometimes Sharp pointed, Sometimes obtuSe, fometimes ftreight, Sometimes crooked, Sometimes whole, and fometimes perforated. There are feveral fpecies of each of thefe kinds. See Tab. of Shells, N u 1, 2. Of the limpet with a Sharp pointed Summit, there are the fol- lowing Species: 1. The pyramidal mucronatcd limpet. 2. The pyramidal furrowed limpet. 3. The grey limpet: this, tho' a plain fpecies in its rough ffate, is very beautiful when its outer coat is taken off by polifhing. 4. The ten-ribbed limpet.

Of the limpets with deprcfTed heads are the following: 1. The furrowed marbl y limpet. 2. The nipple limpet : this refemblcs the nipple of a woman's breaft. 3. 'The Striated limpet, jagged at the edge. 4. The finely Striated limpet : the lines in this fpecies are as fine as hairs. 5. The Striated and prickly limpet : this, when polifhed, makes a very different figure, and is like a Shield with variegations of colour like thofe of tortoife-fhell. 6. The red-fpotted limpet. 7. The red and white Striped limpet.. 8. The goat's eye limpet, fo called from its variega- tions on its infide, representing the eye of a goat. 9. The carbuncle limpet, So called from a glowing red in the Shell : this is belt I'een when the fhell is polifhed, and held againft a ilrong light. Hift. Nat. Eclairc, P. 2. p. 237. Of the limpets with perforated tops we have the following fpecies: r. The cancellated open limpet, 2. The high-ridged limpet. 3. The fine Streaked limpet, with Streaks like hairs. 4. The oblong limpet, with two holes : this, when its Sur- face is taken oft by polifhing, makes the fine red limpet teen in many collections ; and the Same Shell, with the coat juSt eraSed from the Surface, So as not to penetrate to the red part, makes the grey limpet with the double aperture, alfo frequently teen in the cabinets of collectors. Hilt. Nat. Eclairc, P. 2. p. 238. The Latins call this fhell patella from its refemblance to a difli, ( and the Greeks named it lepas, as if they meant to call it a Scale or flake of the Stone. Indeed this fifh always adheres to rocks, as if a part of the Stone; and the rock Serves it in the place of a Second {hell, to defend it from the injuries of the weather. Aldrovand and Rondeletius have carried this thought fo far, as to place the limpet among the bivalve Shells ; but no author has followed them in this. Bellonius obferves, that when they are found adhering to Stones in great num- bers, as they frequently are, they refemble the heads of fo many large nails driven into the (tone. Columnadiftinguifhes four kinds of the limpet: the fir ft he calls the common limpet, becauSe it was moft common of all the Species about Naples where he wrote ; this is of an oval figure and of an afh colour. The fecond he calls the great exotic limpet : this he had from Spain ; it was large and hard, and had feveral ribs, which ended into many dents at the verge. The third he calls the wild lepas : this is a Small limpet, of an irregularly oval figure, and of an afh colour, and has a hole at the top. out of which the excrements are evacuated. The fourth kind he calls the royal limpet, becaufe he Says it is worthy to come to the table of a king : this is rough and has Several holes at the top. The number of holes in the laft is either accidental, or elSe it is a Species at limpet unknown at prefent ; the others may be eafily found among the already mentioned Species. Belkmus. lab. Cslumna Aquat. et Terreft, p. 11."

Some limpets are concamerated within, or formed into Several

' diftinct apartments. Of thefe there are the following fpecies :

1. The oblong beaked limpet. 2. The rounded arched limpet.

3. The large Chincfe limpet. 4. The limpet with a Style

riling within it from the bottom. 5. The irregularly Shaped longed beaked limpet. 6. The Scmi-concamerated limpet : this has feven remarkable ribs running from its top, which terminate in (even Spines at the baSe. This Species is hence radiated like a Star at the verge, and is thence called by Some affrolepas.

Of the limpets with crooked tops are the following Species : I. The long and crooked headed limpet. 2. The red nipple limpet. 3. The grey limpet, of an elegant rofe colour within. 4. The limpet with a crooked top ending at the limb, and making the whole fhell thus represent, in Some meafure, a deeply Striated pecten or Scallop : this is hence called by Some ctmcholepas. 7. The leSs Striated concholepas.

Patella, in the history of infects, a name given by Lifter and fome others to a certain little hufk or fhell found on the bark of the cherry, plum, and rofe trees, and fome others, contain- ing an animal within, and ufeSul in colouring. Thefe patella are of a globular form, except when they adhere to the tree, and are of a Shining chefiiut colour in moft kinds. The hufk itfelf ftrikes a very fine crimfbn colour on paper, and within it is found a white maggot of no value : this, in time, hatches into a very Small but beautiful bee. The whole Size of this bee is not more than that of half the body of an ant. They have the Sting of bees, and the three Spots placed in a triangle on the forehead, which are Suppofcd to be eyes. They are black, and have a large round wlntifh or pale yellow Spot upon the back. The upper pair of wings are Shaded and Spot- ed, but the under pair are clear.

The Shells or hufks deScrve a trial, to find whether the colour they yield might not be brought to ufe ; it is to be obServed, that the deepeft coloured hufks afford the fmeft and deepeft purple: they muft be alfo ufed while the creature contained in them is in the maggot form ; for when it is changed into the bee State the fhell is dry and colourlefe; Dr. Lifter, who firft obferved thefe pate.'lt?, went fo far on the comparing them with the common kermes, as to declare that they were of the Same nature with that production; but his hiftory oS their being the workmanShip of a bee, to preferve her young mag- got in, is not agreeable to the true hiitorv of the kermes; for that is an infect of a very peculiar kind. This author has beeu too juitly cenSured for his precipitancy of judging of fllings, and perhaps has fallen into an error by means of it here. It is very poffible that thefe patella may be the Same Sort of ani- mal with the kermes, but then it produces it? young within this fhell or hufk, which is no other than the Skin of the body of the mother animal ; but as there are many flies, whoSe worms or maggots are lodged in the bodies of other animals, it may be, that this little bee here defcribed may love to lay its egc in the body of the proper infect here defcribed, and the rriaggot hatched from that egg may eat up the proper progeny, and undergoing its own natural changes there, ifllte out at length in form of the bee. This may have been the cafe in fome few which Dr Lifter examined, and he may have been milled by this to fuppofe it the natural change of the infect. Phil Tranf. N*. 72.

Patellae/TV?, the wild limpet, a name very improperly given by Rondeletius and Aldrovand to the atiris marina, or concha veneris. This is by no means of the patella kind. See the article iLAR-Jhell.

PATENT-/^/", among botanifts. See Leaf.

PATER patratus, among the Romans, the firft and principal perSon of the college of heralds, which formed a kind of board or council to examine the differences that a rofe between neighbouring States, and endeavour amicably to accommo- date the fame. Danet in voc.

PATET./E uves, a name given by the antients to grapes dried on the vine. See Patethjsje:

PATETHISiE woes, a name given by the antients to grapes which were Suffered to remain on the vine till they were great- ly dried and withered. They were alSo called paieta uves, and were Suffered to hang thus to make a peculiar wine called pajjiim.

PATH (Cycl.) — Path/;, the name given by us to the fly called in Latin humifitga ; it is found in foot-paths, and fuppofed to live by Sucking the ground. It is of a grey colour, flreaked with dufky white. See Humisuga.

PATHOGNOMIC/^/, in medicine. See Assident.

PATIENCE, in botany, the name by which fome people call the monks rhubarb ; but the French, from whom we have borrowed the word, mean by it all the Species of the la? pathum or dock kind. See the article Lapathum.

PAT\~ENY\JE?7i!/Jcitlus, In anatomy, a name given by Spigelius to a mufcle of the Shoulder, which he alfo calls by the "more exprelfive name of fcapulam at to liens. The French call it the rele-ueur propre de i 'omop/ate, and Albinus, Morgagni, Covvpcr and others levator fcapulec.

PATIN-Jhoe, in the manege, a kind of horfe-fboe, under which is Soldered a Sort of half ball of iron, hollow within. It is ufed for hip-fhot horfes, and put upon a Sound foot, to the end, that the horfe not being able to {land upon that foot without pain, may be conftrained tu Support himSelS upon the lame foot, and fo hinder the finews to Shrink, and the haunch to

dry