Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/198

 PAS

PAS

There are many known fpccies of this bird. i. The com- mon houfc/panaiv. z. The pajfr Jiu^us, orfoolifh Jparrow,

which is of a yellow'ifh brown, with dufky ftreaks. 3. 1 he baftard fparroiv, pajfer congener, of Aldrovand, which is of a reddifh brown, and has no black fpot under its throat. 4. The pajfer tricolor, or three coloured farrow ; this is variegated with an equal proportion of black, white, and yellow. 5. The pajfer albicilla, ur white-tailed [farrow, diftingu idled by its ■' greyifh white tail. 6. The payer Illyricus, or wytia.njpatrew, which is larger than the common kind, and has a very white belly. 7, 'The pajfer torqmiV. s, or tlng'jparrtw, which is very irrrall, and has a white ring about its eyes : the fpot under the throat, which is black in the common jf.arrovo, is yellow in this fpccies. 8. The pajj'cr Indicus caudatus porphyrojnelas, or long tailed black and red Indian fparrczu. 9. The pajfer /«- d/'cuf, called tijepiranga. See Tijepiranga. 10. The pajfer Indkus macrouroi roftro mbiiaceo, or long-tailed Indian Jparrow, with a red beak. 1 J. The paJJ'er Indicus niacrouros alius of Aldrovand, of the other long-tailed Indian fparrow ; a

■ ■ very beautiful bird, with a blue beak and a black head j the body being moftly of a fine fcarlet. 12. The pajfer Indicus bracbyuros, or fhort-tailed Indian Jparrow, which is fmall, and all over of a bluifh black. 13. The pajfcrculus bracbyuroi Europa-anus, or European fmall fhort-tailed fparroiv ; this is common in Italy, and is very fmall, and all over of a pale yellow. 14. Pajfer erytbromelas Indicus, fine uropygh, the red

' and black Indian fparrow, with no tail. 15. Pajfer Indicus cyancryibromcUu, fine urspygio ; the blue, black and red Indian fparrow, without a tail. Thefe are described by Marggrave ; but he only faw the figures of them, lb that the painter, not nature, perhaps, denied them tails. 16. The pajfer montanus, or mountain fparrw} : this is common in Carinthia, and is variegated with a brownifh red and black. iy. Thepajfer Jyhejlris, or field fparrow of Aldrovand : this is of the fize of the common fparrow, and is of a dufky ruft-coloured brown, and has a broad ftreak running from the angle of its beak to its tail. And laftly, 18, The Y>n\{\\\:m fparroiu, called htdran- heemgatu. Sec Guiranhermgatu. Rays Ornithology, p. 184. Aldrovand. de Avibus, 1. 15 c. 33. Ray's Orni- thology, p. 182, to ]S6. Aldrovand. Hift. I. 15. c. 16. In the Linnxan fyftem of zoology, the pajfer is one of the orders of the bird kind ; the diftinguifhing mark of which is, that the beak is of a conic form, and tapers to a point. Xan- nai Syftem.Natur. p. 48. See Tab. of Birds, N°. 29 and 38.

Passer, inthehiftory of fifties, the name of the common plaife, a flat fifh, of a dufky olive-colour, fpottcd with red on the back, and white on the belly, called in Latin alfo, quadratulus and platejfa. Willughhfs Hift. Pifc. p. 96.

PASSER-aqnaticus, the water fparrow, the name -of a bird de-

1 fcribed by Niercmberg, which he fays the Indians call acstot/c- quicbltl. It fings all day long without ccafmg, but with no very pleafmg note : it is, however, a well rafted bird ; it lives among fedge and bufhes, and is of the fize and fhape of a f wallow, but has a black bill and yellow legs ; its breaft and belly are white, and its back is of a brownifh yellow, varie- gated with fpots of black and white. This bird much re- fembles our reed fparfow. Ray's Ornithol. p. 300.

P ASShR-arundinaccus, the reed fparrow, a bird of which there arc two fpecies, a greater and a fmallcr, both living anion** reeds and in watery places, and both finging very fweetly : the greater is known among authors by the name of j unco, and the lefier by that of cannevarola. Ray's Ornithology, p. 99. See Junco and Cankevar-ola.

Pass 1 r arundhaceus torquatus, the ringed reed fparrow \ the name of a fmall bird, fcarce exceeding the linnet in fize, found among reeds, and always building its neft among them. Its head is black; its neck has a very beautiful ring of white, reaching to the angle of the beak on each fide ; its throat is black, and its breaft and belly white ; its back and wings are of a brownifh black, and its rump bjuifh or greyifh, with an admixture of brown. In the female the ring fcarce appears, and the colours tm the throat arc reddifh, brown, black, and grey. Rafs Ornithol. p 197.

Passer afper, in ichthyology^ the rough or fcaly plaife, called in Englifh the dab ; a flat fifti, fomething thicker than the


 * common plaife, and of the ian,ie general fize, covered with

confidcrably large fcales, rough at their extremities, and ed«-ed as it were with teeth : the eyes are on the left fide, and arc placed vcryclofe together: its back is of a reddifh "rey, fpot-

- red with yellow, and the 'mouth moderately lar^e. It is caught in the Mediterranean And L'nglifli feas. RmdeUt, de


 * Pifc. p. 352.

Passer Britannicu;, in ichthyology, a name given by Charleton to the foal fifh, and by fome others to' the turbut. See the

' articles Hippoglossus, and Pleuronectes.

Parser canarius, and cana'ienfis, in zoology, the common name for what we call fimply in L'ii2;lifh, the canary bird. T he canary bird may be bred with us, and if treated with pro-

- per care, they will become as vigorous and healthful as in the country from whence they have their name. The cao-cs in

. or oak, with bars of wirt.-; hecaufe thefe" being woods of -ftrength, do not require to he uf'ed in large pieces ; and the
 * which thefe birds ore kept are ti > be made of cither walnut-tree

more freedom they have of lookin.g-about them, the lefs will

they be ftartlcd at people going up to them. The common fhape of cages, which is cyhndric, is very improper for thefe birds; for this allows little room to walk, and without that the birds ufually become melancholy. The moil proper of all fhapes is the high and long, but narrow.

If thefe birds eat too much they grow over fat, lofe their fhape, and their finging is fpoiled; or at leaf! they become \'o idle, that they will fcarce ever fmg In this cafe their victuals is to be given them in a much fmaller quantity, and they will by this means be recovered, by degrees, to all their beautv, and will fmg as at firft.

At the time that they are about to build their nefts, there muft be put into their cages fome hay, dried thoroughly in the fun : with this muff, be mixed feme mofs dried in the fame manner, and fome flag's hair; and great care is to be taken of breeding the young, in the article of food. As foon as the younc- birds are eight days, or fomewhat more old, and are able^to eat and pick up food of themfelvcs, they are to be taken out of the cage in which they were hatched, and each put feparately into another cage, and hung up in a room where it may never have an opportunity of hearing the voice of any othtr bird. After they have been kept thus about eight days, they are to be excited to fing by a bird pipe; but this is nut to be'blowcd too much, or in too fiirill a manner, left they fing themfelves to death.

for the firft fifteen days the cages are to be covered with a black cloth, and for the fifteen days following with a green onc ; Five leflbns in a day from the pipe are fufRcient for thefe young creatures, and they muff not be difturbed with feveral founds at the fame time, left they confound and puazle them : two leflbns mould be given them early in the morn- ing, one about tre middle of the day, and two more at ni^hc. He: vieux, des Serin? de Canarie.

The genius and temper of the feveral birds of this kind are very different. The males are ahnoft always melancholy, and will not fing unlefs they are excited to it by hearing others continually finging about them. The male' bird of this kind will often murder the female put to him for breeding ; and when there are feveral females together with the males, they will often do the fame to one another with jealoufy. It is therefore not eafy to manage the article of their breeeincr we ll in this particular, unlefs in this manner : Jet two femaleoirds be put into one cage, and when they have lived together fome time, they will have contracted a fort of love for one another, which will not eafily be diflblved. Put a male bird into the cage with thefe two, and every thing will go well; their friendfhip will keep them from quarrelling about his favours, and from danger of his mifchievous difpofition; for if he at- tacks one of them, in order to kill her, the other will imme- diately take her part, and after a few of thefe battles, the male will find that they are together an overmatch for him at fight- ing, and will then diftribute his favours to them, and there will not fail of being a young breed or two, wkich are to be taken away from their parents, and educated as before directed. Some males watch the time of the female's laying, and de- vour the eggs as faft as me depofits them ; and others take the young ones in their beaks, as foon as hatched, and crufh them to death againft the fides of the cage, or fome other way deftroythem. When a male has been known once to have been guilty of this, he is to beftiut up in a fmall cage, in the middle of the large one in which the female is breeding her young, and thus he will often comfort her with finsino- all daylong, while fhe fits upon the eggs or takes care" of the young ones ; and when the time of taking away, to put them into feparate cages, is come, the male is to be let out, and he will always after this live in friendfhip with the female. If the male become fick during the time of the female's fittino- or bringing up her young, he "muft be removed immediately and only brought to the fide of hcrcageat certain times, that fhe may fee him, till he is perfcdly cured; and then he is to be fhut up again in his cage in the middle. «

Passer faber, in zoology, a name given by Nlcrembercr to a bird, the genus of which we are not very certain about • it being alfo called turdui cbiappec. It is remarkable for perfo- rating the bark of the pines, and lodging its acorns there which it afterwards cats occafionally. Ray's Ornithol. p. 303!

pAssK-Rfiuviuti-'is, in ichthyology, the name of the common flounder, diiliiuu'ifhcd from other fifh of that genus by the fmallncfii and clofe fituation of its fcales, which are fuch, that which ever way it is rubbed, the band perceives no rough'nefs ■ and that at the infertion of the fins there is a fer'ies of fhort prickles bent backwards, which are eafily perceived by the touch, or by the eye on a clofe view. TFiilughbfs Hift Pifc p. 98.

Passer mofquitus, a name by which fome have called the gua'i- tiumbi, or bumming bird, the fmalleft of all birds. Ornithol. See Gu ainu.mih. '

Passer niger, in ichthyology, a name given by Artedi from Charleton, to the common flounder The fifus and jleteletus of authors, and the flaad of the Germans.

Passer folitarius, the folitary^roiy, a name given by authors to a bird properly of the mciula or black-bird k'md, and of the fame fize and fhape with the common black bird, and not very different from it in colour.

Its