Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/185

 PAN

PAP

andria, and ufually covered with paper for the fake of its

keeping the longer.

PAN OH, orPANTCH, inthefeala

iguage.

See Paunch.

PANCHRESTARII, among the Romans, thofe. who prepared the pancreji, or univerfal remedy. Pitifc. in voc. See the article Panchrest, Cycl.

PANCHRUS, the name given by fomc of the antient writers on natural hiflory to a gem which they fay lias all colours : probably the opaL

PANCLADIA, n*v«*a^s, in antiquity, a feflival celebrated by the Rhodians when they pruned their vines. Potte?; Archaeol. Graec. T. i. p. 419.

PANCRAS1UM, in the materia medica, a name ufed by fome authors for they£«/7/, of the root of which the oxymellof fquills is made. Part Par ad. p. 133.

PANCRATIASTES, in antiquity, a combatant in the exer- cife called pancratium. Potter, Archasol. Graec. T. 1. p. 444. See Pancratium, Cycl.

Pancratiastes was alfo applied to one who had gained the victory in all the kinds of exercife ufed in the pamratium. Pkifc. in voc. See Pancratium, Cycl.

PANDEMON, iW>!/am, in antiquity, the fame with the fefti- val Chalceia and Athenaea. Potter, Archaeol. Gra^c. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 422.

It was fo called from the great concourfe of people that ufed to meet at this folemnity. See Chalceia and Athenjea.

PANDIA, na>^, in antiquity, an Athenian feflival in honour .of Jupiter. For the origin of this folemnity, fee Potter, Ar- chEeol. Grsec. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 422.

PANDROSOS, n«vjpo;rof, in antiquity, an Athenian feftival in memory of Pandrofus the daughter of king Cycrops. Potter, Archaeol. Graec. 1. z.c. 20. T. 1. p. 423.

PANDURIFORM/w/, among botanitts. See Leaf.

PANDYSIA, ilai>av<Tix, in antiquity, public rejoicings when the feafon through its coldnefs and intemperance forced the failors to flay at home. Potter, T. j. p. 423.

PANEGYRIS, nxnyvps, among the Greeks, a fair, or feflival day, on which the people ufed to meet together. It exactly correfponded to the Nundinae of the Romans. Pitifc. in voc. See Nun-din^.

PANELLENIA, naKWwia, in antiquity, a public feflival ce- lebrated by an aflembly of people from all parts of Greece. Potter, Arcbreol. Graec. T. 1. p. 423.

PANEMUS, in chronology, the Boeotian name of the Athe- nian month vietagitnion, which was the fecond of their year, and amwered to the latter part of our July and beginning of Auguft. See'METAGiTNiON and Month.

PANEROS,- the name of a beautiful flone dedicated to Venus. It was called alfo by fome paufehaflos, and was probably one of the beautiful agates.

PANGONIA, in natural hiflory, the name of a genus of cryf- tal. See Tab. of Foffils, Clafs 3.

The word is derived from the Greek tt«;, numerous, and yom, an angle, or bending, and exprefles a cryftal, compofed of many angles.

The bodies of this genus are fingle-pointed, or imperfect cryf- tils, compofed of dodecangular or twelve-planed columns, terminated by twelve-planed pyramids, and the whole body, therefore, made up of twenty four planes. Of this genus there are only three known fpecies : 1. A brownlfh- white one, with along pyramid. This is found in Silefia and Bohemia ; fometimes in mountains, and fometimes on the fides of rivers, and is efteemed a very valuable cryf- tal. 1. A ye! low ifh- brown one, with a fbort pyramid. This is often brought over to us under the name of Saxon topaz, among the other cryflals commonly known by that name. And 3. A clear colourlefs one, with a very fhort pyramid. This is a very valuable cryflal, and is produced in theEaft Indies, being often brought over among the Indian ballaft. Hill's Hift. of Foil p. 187.

PANICASTRELLA, in botany, the name by which Micheli has called a genus of plants named by Linnaeus cenchrus. See the article Cenchrus.

PANICUM, in theLinna?an fyflem of hotany, the name of a diilincr. genus of plants, of the grafs kind, the dift inguifhing characters of which are, that the calyx is compofed of feveral leaves, and contains only one flower ; the leaves of it are capillary and unequal in their infertions. The glume is made of two valves, and contains only cue flower ; the valves are oval and pointed, and are both fmall, but one more fo than the other. The flower is alfo compofed of two valves, both oval and pointed, but the one fmaller and flatter than the other. The flamina are three fhort capillary filaments. The anthe- rs are oblong. The germen of the piflil is roundifh ; the ftyles are capillary and two in number, and the ftigmata are feathered. The flower furrounds and inclofes the feed and never opens to drop it out. The feed is Angle and round- ifh, but fomething flatted. Linnm, Genera Plantatum, p

PANIONIA, n«»w»i«, in antiquity, a feftival in honour of Nep' tune, celebrated by a concourfe of people from all the cities of Ionia.

One thing is remarkable in this feflival, that if the bull offer- ed in facrifice happened to bellow, it was accounted an omen

of the divine favour ; becaufe that found was thought to be acceptable to Neptune. Potter, Archaeol. Grasc. T. 1. p.

PANlS-damonum, in natural hiflory, a name given by authors to a fort of coarfe flone, common in Sweden, and fome other places, and ufually found in roundifh, but fomewhat flatted manes, refembling a loaf in form.

PANNEL, in the Scotch law, denotes the prifoner at the bar, or perfon who takes his trial before the court of jufticiary, for fome crime.

PANNONICA-ZWi/r, in the materia medica, a name by which Kentman, and fome others, have called the earth more ufually known by the name of bolus toccavienfts. Kentman\ Nomencla- tor Foil p. 7. See the article Toccaviensis,

PANOCHI/E, a name by which fome chirurgical authors call bubos in the groin.

PANOMPH^EUS, nocyop.$xHi<;, in antiquity, a defignation given to Jupiter, becaufe he was looked upon as the original author of all forts of divination, having the books of fate, and out of them revealing either more or lefs, as he pleafed, to in- ferior daemons. Potter, T. 1. p. 263.

PANOPSIA, rWi*, in antiquity. See Pvanepsia, Cycl.

PANSAPaN, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the tree whofe wood is the logwood, ufed in dying, and in medicine. He>m. Muf. p. 42.

PANFARBE, in natural hiflory, a name given by authors to an imaginary flone, the virtues of which were fimilar to thofe of the magnet ; but exerted upon gold as thofe of the load- flone upon iron. The antients as well as later writers, feem to have all had an opinion, th;:t there was fuch a flone as this, and the amphitane of Pliny is defcribed as ponefiing this re- markable quality ; but neither they nor we, ever found rea- fon from any experiment to believe, that there was any fuch flone.

PANTER, in the lea language. See Shank-Panter.

PANTHERA, in zoology, a name by which many have called the leopard, more properly called pardalis. S^e Pardalis.

Panthera-/^/V, in natural hiflory, the name of a fpecies of flone found in Egypt, and the Eafl Indies, and defcribed to be of a yellowifh colour, variegated with dufky fpots of the colour of thofe on the skin of the panther. The writers of the middle ages have attributed many abfurd properties to it : it feems to have been a fpecies of agate

PANTHER1NE tables, pantheY.ints msnfa:, among the Romans, tables made of citron wood, which were held in fuch high efleem, as to equal the value not only of filver and gold, but likewife of pearls. They had this name from their being fpotted after the manner of panthers. Hof?n. Lex. in voc.

PANTICES, a word ufed by fome medical writers to exprefs the inteflines.

PANTOMIME, u^o^iAoq, among the antients, a perfon who could imitate all kinds of actions and characters by figns and gcflures, without fpeaking.

The pafitomirr.es made a part in the theatrical entertainments of the antients; their chief employment was to exprefs in geftures and action, whatever the chorus fung, changing their countenance and behaviour as the fubject of the fong varied. They were very antient in Greece, being derived from the heroic times, according to fome ; but however this may be, they were certainly known in Plato's time. In Rome it was fo late as the time of Auguftus before they made their appearance. As to their drefs, it was various, being always fuited as near as poiflble to that of the perfon they were to imitate. The cro- cota was much ufed among the Roman pantomimes, in which and other female dretfes they perfonated women, Pitifc. in voc. See Mime, Cyci

PANTON-y?Ki?, in the manege, a horfe-fhoe contrived for re- ceiving narrow and hoof-bound heels. Its fpunges are much thicker on the infide than on the outfide ; fo that the part which refls upon the horn or hoof, runs flope-wife to the end, that the thicknefs of the infide of the fhoc may bear up the heel, and throw or pufh it to the outfide. P anton-jhoes are likewife proper for horfes that have falfe quar- ters.

PAPAN, in natural hhtory, the name given by the inhabitants of the Philippine iflands, to a fpecies of duck common in their lakes and marfh.es. This is very large and beautiful, and is called by Father Cameili anas regia, or the royal duck : it is not fo common, however, as a little kind which they call falagajir; this is not larger than a man's fill. See Sal A-

GASIR.

PAPAVER, poppy, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefc : The flower is of the ro- faceous kind, confuting ufually of four leaves, difpofed in % circular form. The cup is compofed of two leaves, and from it there arifes a pirti), which finally becomes a feed veflel, of a fort of oval oblong figure, and adorned with a head or co- vering ; under which, in many fpecies, there are a chain of apertures. Within the head or fruit, there are numerous la- mellae, to which the feeds adhere in the manner of placentae. The feeds are ufually fmall, and of a roundifh figure See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 6.

The fpecies of poppy, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The white poppy, or garden pippy, with white feeds.

2. The