Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/182

 PAL

PAL

man Ephcmerides, there is a much more eafy way of reducing this matter, while yet contained in the apices of the plant, Into true wax; and that without the affiftance of the work of the bees. Mr. David Maja gives an account in thofe papers, that the perfons he employed in beating rofes into conferve, always obferved in the pounding of the rofes, before the fugar was put to them, that a piece of folid but fuft matter was found adhering to the peftle of the mortar, which, on a Strict examination, proved to be true and genuine wax. It appear- ed from this experiment, that the juice of the petals or leaves of the rofes, was able, by the affiftance of beating, to convert into true wax the farina contained in the apices of that flower. Mr. Reaumur tried what effect the juice of rofes would have on the yellow matter collected on the legs of the bees and on the farina of plants, but no treatment he could give thefe fubftances was ever able to produce wax. Mr. Reaumur brought it to an abfolute proof, that the bees eat the rough wax or bees bread, by obferving the bees of a certain hive to come home loaded with it every day, feveral times over, during the month of April and a great part of May; and after this, opening and examining tiie hive they belonged to, there were found no new combs, nor were tfie old bees enlarged in fize: it is true, that there were fome cells found, filled with magazines of this matter, but as the far greater part was brought to no fort of account, it feems very plain that they had eat it. It is to be obferved, that the bees have their feveral periods of going out in fearch of this matter arid of honey : it would be too fatiguing for them to be always thus at work, and to avoid this there is always a very large part of them, even more than half the hive, found at reft within it; thefe are fuch as have worked till they are tired, and the others in turn take this manner of reffcing, and (end thefe out to work again. Reau- MKr'sHift tnC. Vol. X. p. *•«. See Wax. PAINTED lady, among the florifts, a term for a particu- lar fort of carnations, the flowers of which have all their pe- tals red or purple on the out fide, and white underneath. PALA, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called

the nutmeg-t>ce. Pifo, Mant. Arom. p. 173. Pala, in zoology, a name ufed by fome authors fora fifh of the truttaceous kind, more ufually known by the name of ferret. Willughby% Hift. Pifc. p. 185. See the article Ferra. PaLjESTE, the name of a Greek meafure of length, being the fame with the dochmc and donn, and containing four finger- breadths, or digits. PALALACA, in natural hiftory, the name given by the people of the Philipine iflands to a bird common among them, and fomewhat refembling the upupa. It has a very . coarfe and har/h voice ; its head is brown, and has a comb or creft of feathers like the upupa or hopoe ; its beak is as Strong as iron, and in the building feafon it cuts its way with this ' - into the firmeft part of trees, and builds its nefts in the holes j it makes in this manner ; it is of the fize of a common hen, and is of a very beautiful green colour, fometimes variegated with other colours, fometimes plain. This is the defcription Father Camelli gives of this bird, and it feems very plainly to be a fpecies of woodpecker of a very large and beautiful kind. They hare got an opinion there, that if the opening into this creature's ncfl be flopped up with a large iron pin, the bird knows a plant which has the effect of foftening iron ; and that it procures this plant, and applying it to the iron foon makes its way in. A Story fomething like this the com- mon people of England alio have of the vooodpecker. PALALIA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the

qclamen or fowbread. GiT.Emac. Ind. 2. See'CvcLAMEK. PALAPARI JA, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of Eaft In- dia ferpent, found in the ifland of Ceylon. It is a large kind, and beautifully variegated in colour, with a great deal of rtd about it. It is one of thofe fpecies which naturally live under ground. Bay's Syn; Anim. p. 33. PALARIA, among the Romans, a kind of excercife performed at a ftake by the foldiers.

The ftake being fixed immoveable in the ground, and fix feet high above it, the young undifciplined foldiers advanced againft it armed with a hurdle and cudgel, inftead of a fhield and fword, and went through all the rules of attack and de- fence, as if actually engaged with an adverfary. Sometimes they flood at a diftance, and attacked it with miffive weapons, at the fame time ufing all the requifite motions for defending themfelves, and warding off what might be thrown againft them. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. in voc. PALATE [Cyd.) — Wounds of thepalate and other parts of the mouth are only to be healed by being anointed with honey of rofes, either alone or mixed with balfam of Peru, or with oil of myrrh per deliquium. Heifer's Surg. 81. ■Boms of the Palate. There are two hones fituated in the pofterior part of the arch of the palate, between the - pterygoide apopbyfis and the offa maxiliaria, and running up on the fides of the nafal foffaz all the way to the bot- tom of each orbit. The figure of thefe bones is not fquare, as has been Said by thofe who have only feen that portion of them which belongs to the palate, and from thence have nam- ed them cjja palati. The entire bone is crooked, hooked, pointed and uneven, tho' of a fmall fize. Each ofthefe may

be divided into four portions, one fuperior, one middle, and two lower ; whereof one is the anterior, the other the pofterior. The lower and anterior portion, to be called properly the portio palaiina, is the bafis or body of the bone, and the only part of it which the anticnt anatomifts, except Vidus Vidius have obferved. It completes the arch of the palate, and the bottom of the nafal f fa; the inner edge of it is raifed, and that, joined to the like edge of the other bone, forms a groove which receives part of the feptum narium, in the fame manner as the other part of it is received in a like groove of the ojj'a maxiliaria. The pofterior edge is gently Hoped, and ends in- ward in a point, which joins alike point in the other bone. The lower and pofterior portion, to be called properly the pteryg-ide, is pointed and hollowed on each fide, to join the pterygoide apophyfis, of which it completes the foffd, being fix- ed like a wedge in the irregular notch of that procefs. Exte- riorly it is uneven, the better to be connected with the os maxdlare. This portion is distinguished from the prtio pala - Una, and alfo from the middle portion, by an oblique half canal, which with the half canal in the maxillary tubercle, forms an entire canal, the lower end of which is the pofterior foramen palatinum.

The middle portion, properly to be called the nafal, is very thin, and is fituated laterally. The internal fide of it is a little concave, the outfide a little convex; the concavity is turned toward the nares, and at the lower part of it there is a tranf- verfe eminence or bony line, which diftinguifhes this portion from the portio palat-.na. The convex outfide partly covers the opening of the maxillary lines. At the lower part of it is a rranfverfe groove, anfwering to the eminence on the other fide, and moulded, as it were, by the tranfverfe exterior emi- nence of the os maxillare.

The upper portion, properly called the orbitary portion, is dis- tinguished from the na,al portion by a notch, which, together with the pterygoide apophyfis of the Spheroidal bone, forms an opening more or lefs confiderable, • which may be called the framen fpbeno-palatinum, or pte> yg -palatinum. This portion has five little fides, three of which are rather cavities. One fuperior, which completes the extremity of the bottom of the orbit, and is more or lefs flat, very fmall, fmootb, and tri- angular. One anterior, which is a little hollow, covering the upper part of the maxillary tubercle, and by a fmooth raifed edge compleating the JiJJ'ura jphem-maxillaris. The third fide is likewife anterior, more hollow than the former, and joins the back part of the labyrinth of the os ethmoides. The fourth is poOcrior, and more or lefs hollow, anfv^fring to the fphe- noidalyrwsj-. The fifth is lateral and external, covering the pofterior and upper part of the maxillary firms. Thefe "fides and cavities, however, fometimes vary; being in fome Sub- jects found Angle, in others complex : there is very little diploe in thefe bones, except in the palathe and pterygoide por- tions. They are joined to each other by the portio palatina • to the vomer by the common groove, formed by their raifed edges; to the maxillary bones before and laterally; and be- hind to the fphenoidal bone ; to the inferior fhells of the nares by their tranfverfe eminences ; and laffly, by their orbitary portions, to the os ethmoides. offa maxiliaria, and os fphenoides. They complete the arch of the palate, the pterygoide and nafal fofes, and the orbit. Theyaffift alio in Supporting the Vomer and the concha: narium infriores. W'v -flow's Anatomy, p. 37. PALATO-/?tf/=£y/;W, in anatomy, a name given by Dougl'afs to the mufcle called by Morgagni co'umella mufcului teres, and by Albinus and fome others, the azygos nmdes, and by fome the epiftaphyVtnus. PALINCOTOS, a term ufed by Hippocrates to exprefs fuch difeafes as are wont to return with all their violence upon the patient, after their fceming to have left h.m,whether for a long- er or a Shorter period of time. PALTNDROMIA, a term ufed by Hippocrates and many other writers to exprefs a preternatural running of the peccant mat- ter ot difeafes to the more noble parts. PALINGENESIA, is ufed among chemifts for the reproducing a mixed body from its afhes.

This has been pretended to by many, as well as the philoso- pher's ftone and other wonderful powers; but as to the palm- genefia, or refufcitation of plants, the infhnces produced are no more than fome of thofe artificial vegetations which the learned MonS Homberg has obServed and deScribed many times. See Hvmberg in Mem. Acad. Sciences, 1710; and Beyle's works abridg. Vol. I. p. 60. PALINGMAN, in our old Statutes, feems to be a merchant- denizen, one born within the Englifh pale. Stat. 22. Ed. IV. c. 23. and 1 1 H. VII. c. 22. Blount, Cowel. PAL1NIDRYSIS, a word uSed by Hippocrates to expreSs the Subfiding of a tumour by the difperfion of the matter that oc- cafioned it without its breaking. PALIRRHCEA, a word ufed by the old Greek authors to ex- preSs the reflux or retrograde' courfe of the humours, as in cafes of the cholera morbus, where people vomit up their Stools. PALIURUS, Cbri/}-thcrn, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe: the flower is of the rofaceous kind, and is compofed of feveral petals arranged in a circular form ; from the .cup of the flower there arifes a

piftil,