Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/18

 MAN

Man the Capjlan, on board a {hip. See the article Capstan, Cycl. and Suppl.

Man the Side, or Ladder, on board a fhip, is when an officer, or any perfon of diftinction is at the {hip's fide ready to come aboard, the men are commanded to wait, and help him up the fide,

Man the Top, or Yard, on board a (hip, a word of command for the men to go up to the top, or yard, for fome particular fcrvice,

Man of War, the fame with a fhip of war. See the articles Ship and Rati:, Cycl.

M.Ay-Eatcr$. See the article Anthropophagi.

MAN-Bh-d. See the a-rticleBiRD.

MANAA, in the Jewifh cuftoms, a kind of offerings made in the temple, otherwlfe called Mincha. The word Manaa is ufed in the feptuag'mt. See the article Mincha.

MANANAOG, in the materia medica, a name by which fome call the fruit known with us by the name of St. Ignatius's bean. Pluk. Mantiff". p. 60.

MANATI, the fea cow, a marine animal, the head of which is like that of a calf, but fomewhat narrower ; its eyes are like tbofe of a dog, its fkin very thick and tough,- and covered with a few greyiih brown hairs. Its ufual length is about fix- teen foot, and it meafures feven or eight foot round the body. At the fore part of the body it has two fhort legs, with very broad feet, armed with claws ; on the hinder part of the body it has no legs, but has a broad tail, with which it fwims very fwiftly. From the navel to the tail the body gradually lefTens, but juft at the tail it becomes very broad again. Clufius. Ray, Syn. Quad. p. 193.

Its eyes are very fmall in proportion to its fize, and it has, in the place of ears, two apertures like tbofe of the fea calf, and the female has two teats on the bread, for they bring forth two young ones, and nourifh them by fuck. It feeds on vegeta- bles, ufually living in large rivers, and rifing near the fliore to feed on the herbs and roots that are found there.

Manati Lapis, a name given to a bone, of which there arc two found in the head of the Manati, or fea cow; they are roundifh and are ufually of the fize of a hand-bell. They are faid to have great virtues againft the ftone and gravel, when burnt to aibes, and given in white wine. The world need not, however, regret the fcarcity of this remedy, for proba- bly any animal bone, when burnt to afhes, is pofTefTed of all its virtues.

MANBALLA, in zoology, the Ceylonefe name of a fpecies of ferpent, called alfo the canine, or dog-ferpent, from its man- ner of flying at every thing that comes in its way, as our dogs do. It is of a deep brown colour, beautifully variegated with white. Ray, Syn. An. p. 332.

MANBOTE, in our old writers, a compenfation or rccompenfe for homicide, particularly due to the lord for killing his manor vaffal. Terms of Lgw.

MANCANILLA, in botany, a name given by Plumier to a genus of plants, fince characterized by Linnseus in the name ot Hippomane. See the article Hi pro mane.

MANCORON, a word ufed by the antients to exprefs what they call a fort of honey, which feems to have been evidently our modern fugar. They fay that it was a fort of dry honey found concreted in canes or reeds, and was of the confiftence of fait, and that it was found in India and Arabia Felix, and that when taken into the mouth, it broke under the teeth like fait. See the article Sugar.

MANDATARY, Mandatarius, he to whom a command or charge is given : Alfo he that comes to a benefice by a manda- mus is called by this name. Blount.

MANDRAGORA, thz Mandrake, (Cycl.) the name of a ge- nus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is compofed of one leaf, fafhioned like a bell, and divided into many fegments at the end. ■ This is enclofed in a cup, from the bottom of which rifes a piftil, which perforates the bafe of the flower, and grows finally into a roundifh foft fruit, in which are contained a number of feeds, which are ufually of the figure of a kidney.

The fpecies of Mandrake are, 1. That with a round fruit, called the male Mandrake. 2. The bluifh or purplifh-flower'd kind, called the female. 3. The blue flower'd one, with fmall leaves, and a round fruit. Moft of the Mandrakes may be known even when not in flower, by their having large roundifh leaves of an ill fmell, and very large roots. Tour- ticfort, Inft. p. 76.

Mandrake has been recommended in cafe of barrennefs, but without foundation. Its frefh root is a violent purge, the dofe being from ten grains to twenty in fubftance, and from half a dram to a dram in infufion. It has been found to do fervice in hyftcric complaints, but muft be ufed with great caution, otherwife it will bring on convulfions, and many other very mifchievous fymptoms. It has alfo a narcotic quality. At prefent we only ufe the frefh leaves in anodyne and emollient cataplafms and fomentations.

MANDRAGORITES Vinum, Mandrake Wine, a fort of me- dicinal impregnation of wine with the virtues of Mandrake root. It is prepared by cutting into thin flices half a pound of the bark of Mandrake roots, and ftringing them on a thread, and letting them down into a veflcl containing nine galllons of

M A N

white wine, fo that they may hang loofely in it, and by that means fully impregnate it with their virtues. It was ufed in fmall dofes as an anodyne and foporific. It had the fame ef- fects alfo, if only fmelled to, and was fometimes injected in clyfters to the fame purpofc. They fay that half a pint of this liquor mixed with twelve times its quantity of wine, brings on a cams ; and that even a fmaller dole than this, lefs diluted, is mortal. MANDRAKE, Mandragora^ in botany and medicine. See the

article Mandr agora. MANE-Sbcet, in the manege, is a fort of covering for the upper part of a horfe's head, and all round his neck, which at one end has two holes for the ears to pafs through, and then joins to the halter upon the fore part of the head, and fikewife to the furcingle, or long girth, upon the horfe's back. MANEGE. A horfe is faid fo manege when he works upon volts and airs, which fuppofes him broke and bred. See the article Manege, Cycl. Manege for a Soldier's Horfe, is a gallop of unequal fwift-

nefs, but fo that the horfe changes hands readily. High Manege, is the high or raifed airs, which are proper for

leaping horfes. See the article Airs, Cycl. MANEGED. A horfe is faid to be thoroughly mancged, or a finifhed horfe, that is well broken, bred, and confirmed in a particular air or manege, fo as to bear well upon the hand, know the heels, and fit well upon the hips. MANGANESE, Magnejia, in natural biftory, a very poor kind of iron ore. See the article Iron. It is a denfe, ponderous, and heavy fubftance, in its fineft and pureft pieces, approaching ' greatly to the texture of the lapis hematites, being compofed of regular parallel ftria, di- verging from a center to the circumference. This kind, however, is rare ; befide which there is another fomewhat lefs pure kind of an iron grey colour, and irregularly ftreaked like the fteel-grained lead ores. But the common Manganefe is of a perfectly irregular ftructure. It is very heavy, mode- rately hard, and of a deep dufky grey, approaching to black, though fometimes of a ferrugineous brown. It is found in large mafTes of no determinate ihape, and of a rude, rugged, and unequal furface.

Manganefe gives fire but difficultly with fieel, and makes no effervefcence with aqua fortis. It is found in many parts of England and Germany.

This fubftance is of vaft ufe in the glafs trade, but neither the induftrious Neri, nor any others who have written of the art, can ever deliver the true proportions in which it is to be mixed with the glafs metal on the feveral occafions. The fame thing is alfo to be obferved in regard to zaffer, another fubftance in continual ufe with them. And the reafon of this is, that there is vaft difference in the quality of thefe bodies, fome which are fold being very pure and rich, others good for almoft nothing, and much of middle degrees of purity between thefe. For this reafon there is no determining how much of each is to be ad- ded to the glafs, but the conciator adds them at feveral times and in fmall quantities, and takes frequent proofs by his eye, till he knows that they are properly proportioned. Merret's Notes on Neri, p. 274. MANGANUM, Ma^aw, among the Greeks, a general name for inftruments to throw large ftones with. Potter, Arch. Grasc. T. 2. p. 95. MANGARATIA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the plant of which the common ginger of the ihops is the root. Pifo, p. 227. MANGER, in a fhip, a circular place made with planks faftened on the deck, right under the hawfes, being about a foot and half in height ; the ufe of which is to catch and receive the fea-water, beating in at the hawfes in a ftrefs of weather. MANGOUSTAN, in natural hiftory, the name of a fruit of the Eaft Indies. The tree which produces it is large, and ufually much branched. The leaves are fix inches long, and two inches wide, of a lively green, and ornamented with a double feries of ribs, one part of which makes a border that furrounds the whole verge of the leaves. The flower is fmall, and of a pale green colour j it is compofed of four petals, which, when they open, fliew the rudiments of the fruit forming itfelf within. Thefe leaves do not fall off" at all, but remain faftened to the bottom of the fruit till it is ripe, ferv- ing as a fort of fupport to it. The fruit grows to the bignefs of an apple. It is perfectly round, and is covered with a hard and tough fkin, which is of the twelfth of an inch thick, and is of a lively red, ftreaked with feveral yellow lines, which are fo many filaments running along it : At the extremity there are placed feveral rays, which running to the length of a tenth of an inch, meet together, and terminate in a point. The fubftance of the fruit is white, foft, and of a very agreeable tafte, approaching to that of rafpberries. The body of the fruit is compofed of feveral lobes or quarters, as we call them, which will feparate from one another like tbofe of an orange ; but they are not enclofed each in a feparate fkin as thofe are. Thefe are in number the fame with the rays at the end of the fruit, that is, there are feven of them. When the fruit is eaten before it_ is perfectly ripe, the whole is eaten together ; but when it is thoroughly ripened, there is found a fingle kernel in the middle j this is gieenifh without and white within, and


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