Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/162

 CRN

O R N

ifybernel Orient, that point of the horizon where the fun rifes

when in the firft degree of Capricorn. See Occident. ORIGANUM, wild marjoram, in botany, the name of a ge- nus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower confifts of one leaf, and is of the labiated kind, the upper lip is erect, of a roundifh fhape, and bifid, the lower is di- vided into three fegments. The piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail into the hinder part of the flower, and furrounded with four embryos, which after- wards become many feeds, and ripen in the cup of the flower. To thefe marks, it is to be added, that the origanums all bear their flowers in a fort of fcaly ears or fpikes- The fpecies of origanum enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thete : i. The common origanum. 2. The common origa- num with variegated leaves. 3. The white wild origanum. 4. The low, woolly, procumbent origanum. 5. The heracle- otic origanum, or cunila gallmacea of Pliny. 6. The origa- num of Crete, called pot-marjorum, the genuine hyftbp of the antients, according to Lobel. 7. The round-leaved origa- num. 8. The origanum with the fmell of pennyroyal. 9. The broad-leaved, fmooth, low origanum. 10. The Canada origanum, with umbellated flowers. 11. The broad-leaved Woolly cretic criganum, ufually known by the name of dittany of Crete. 12. The origanum of mount Sipylus. 13. The ilender-headed Canada origanum. 14. The woody origanum of Syracufe, with large umbels of flowers. Town, Lift. p. 199-

Origanum is a very plcafant aromatic. An infufion of the plant, drank in the manner of tea, is of great fervice in dif- orders of the ftomach ; it abfterges the vifcous matter apt to lodge there, and thereby promotes an appetite and aflifts di geftioil. It alfo difpels flatus's, and is efleemed good in jaun dices, and all other chronic cafes occafioned by obftructions of the vifcera. OR1GINARY, originarii, among the Romans, an appellation given to flavcs born in their mailer's houfes, who were other- wife called vern&. thfrn. Lex. in voc. ORIOLUS, in zoology, a name bv which feveral authors have called the galbula, a very beautiful yellow bird of the thrufh kind, remarkable for its manner of hanging lis neft. Al- berius. See the article Galbwla. ORITKS, in natural hiflory, the name of a ftone defcribed by the antients, and celebrated by the writers of the middle ages for its wonderful virtues. Pliny fays, that it was round, and remained unhurt in the fire, and that fome called it Side- ritis. To this the later writers have added, that there are three kinds of it; the firft round and black : this rubb'd over with oil of rofes was famous for the bites of venomous beafts, The fecond was green, variegated with veins and fpots of white : this was to be carried about people, to preferve them from many forts of injuries. And the third was compofed of parallel plates, and faid to have the virtue of caufing abor- tion, if only carried in the pocket. ORITORIUS lapis, a name given by Ludovicus Dulcis, and fome other authors, to the ochreoferreom atita, or eagle ftones ; particularly to a fpecies of them common in Ger- many, and ufed in the fnops there, and in fome other places, under the name of eagle jlones. Thefe are of a brownifh colour and fmooth furface, and are eafily broken, being only compofed of a thin cruft of ferrugineous earth, enclofing feveral fmall lumps of a greenifh marie, which rattle in it when fhaken. OPJZEUS coir, a term ufed by authors to exprefs the yellow colour in the eyes and urine of pcrfons afflicted with a jaun- dice. See Jaundice. ORKNEY- beans, in natural hiftory, a name given by authors to a fort of fruit found on the fhores of the orkney ifiands near Scotland. Thefe arc of feveral diftincf. fpecies, and are none of them the produce of thofc iflands, nor of any places there- about, but are probably of American origin, many of them being plainly natives of Jamaica.

They are found principally on thofe coafts which are mod expofed to the waves of the great ocean, and are on thefe fo plentiful,, that they might be gathered "in large quantities, if of any value ; but the only ufe they are put to is the mak- ing fnufl-boxes out of them. Sir Robert Sibbald, and Mr. Wallace, in their accounts of Scotland, have both named them under the title of Mo'uaa beans. Sec Molucca beans. ORLEANAj in the materia medica, the rarm of the arnotto,

oiuruca. .Dfl,V,Pharm p 388. ORMENA, among the antient naturalifts. See Asparagus, ORN1CUS lapis, a name given by fome authors to the fappbire of the antients, which is a peculiar fpecies of our lapis lazuli, in which the gold -coloured matter is not difpofed in veins, but in feparate fpots of the form of a ftar. It was firft called inifim, and orinus, by corruption from aurinui, gold- en, and thence came, at length, the word ormcus. ORN1THL/E, a name given by the antients to certain winds, which ufually blew in fpring, at the time when the birds of paflage came over to them. Pliny fays, that thefe winds Jew from the Weft, and that, by fome, the Etefian w inds ere called by this name. Others fuppofe that they b lew from the North, or North- Weft.

ORNITHOGALUM, far of Bethlehem, 'in botany, the-namc of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe ' the flower is liliaceous, being compofed of fix petals, ar- ranged in a circular form. The pifti! ftands in the cen- ■ ter of the flower, and finally becomes a roundifh fruit, 01* feed-veflel, divided into three cells, and containing a num- ber of oblong feeds; to this it is to be added- that it has a bulbous or tuberous root., in which it differs from the phalangium, which has a fibrous one.

The fpecies of omithogalum enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : 1. The great Syrian omithogalum, with umbel- lated flowers. 2. The great, narrow-leaved, ornithogalum, with umbellated flowers. 3. The broad-leaved, middle- ' fized, white omithogalum, with umbellated flowers. 4. The narrow- leaved, middle-fized, white ornith-golum, with um- bellated flowers. 5. The lefier white omithogalum, 6. The umbellated omithogalum, with blttifli white flowers. 7. The greateff, broad-leaved, Alexandrine omithogalum. S. The Indian, broad-leaved, crnithogalum. 9 The great, narrnw- leaved, omithogalum, with greeniih white flowers. 10 The great, narrow-leaved, crnithoganim, with flowers in fpikes. 11. The fpiked ornithogalum, with fnow-white flowers. \i. The great, white-fpiked, French ornith-galum. r ;. The great, white-fpiked, Byzantine omithogalum. 14. The fpiked omithogalum, with greenifh- white flowers. ii. TbeSpanifh white-flowered, fpiked ori.ithogalum. 16. The pale, blue- flowered omithogalum. 17. The omithogalum with a large flower growing on a fmaller. 18. The great, pale-yellow omithogalum. 10. The yellow ornithogalum, with Iar;-erfl;;w- ers, 2C. The tuberous-rooted, African, yellow ornithogalum, with onion-like leaves, and fweet-fcented flowers. 21. The common, wild omith-galum. 22. The lefier, wild, yellow ornithogalum. 23. The narrow-leaved, bulbiferous, omitho' ga'ura. 24. The yellow- flowered, Portugal crnithogalum, with capillaceous leaves. 25. The Indian omithogalum, with yell owifti- green flowers. r6. The African omithoga^m, with green flowers, growing one out of another. 27. The one- leaved, fpiked omithogalum, with a fnow-white, fweet-fcented flower. 28. The blue-flowered, two-leaved, German orni- thogalum. 29. The trifoliate, German omithogalum, with deep blue flowers. 30. The bifoliate, German omithogalum, with flefh -coloured flowers. 3 1 . The bifoliate, German or- nithogalum, with white flowers. 32. The narrow-leaved, white, late- flowering, omithogalum. 33. The blue-flowering ornith-galum, with yellowiih green ftam'ma. 34. The pur- ple-flowered omithogalum. 35. The fpiked omithogalum, with grey flowers. 36. The blue-flowered, Conftantinople omi- thogalum. 37. The Conftantinople omithogalum, with bluifh purple flowers. 38. The Conftantinople omitrogalum, with a white flower. 39. The Conftantinople omithogalum, with dufky, bluifh flowers, 40. The borrage-flowered, Conftan- tinople omithogalum. 41 . The blue omithogalum, with filiated flowers. 42. The Spanifh, deep-blue, onithogalum. 43. The ■ great, purphfh, blue omithogalum. 44. The fummer omitho- galum, with flowers ftanding alternately on the ftalks. 4;. The great, autumnal omithogahmi, with pale, purple flowers.

46. The great, autumnal ornithogalum, with white flowers.

47. The lefler, autumnal omithogalum, with purple flowers.

48. The lefier, autumnal ornithogalum, with blue flowers.

49. The little, fpring omithogalum. 50. The blue-flowered, Portugal ornitlr.galum. 5 1. The broad leaved, Portugal omitho- galum, with violet-coloured flowers. 52. The broad-leaved, Portugal am thogalum, with Ucfh-coloured flowers 53. The broad-leaved, Portugal omithogalum, with gre.ifh flowers. 54. The broad-leaved, Portugal omithf.ga'um, with white flowers. 55. The Peruvian, eriopherous cmith-galum. 56. The ori- ental, eriopherous omithogalum. ^7. I he o'nith galum of the fea fhores, commonly called the •■ cd-rooted f quill. ;8. T n e white-ruoted, maritime ornithogalum, commonly called the white -rooted /qui II. 59, The maritime ornithogalum, with an efculentroot, called the efulent fquill. Tourn. Lift. p. 378. The feveral fpecies of this plant produced in our gardens are all propagated with great eafe by the off-fets which the roots produce in very great abundance. The beft time to tranf- plant the roots is in the beginning of July, when the leaves are decayed. They fhould have a light, fandy f >il, which, if it be over-dunged, will decay, and rot the roots: they con- tinue flowering a long time, and are a very great ornament in gardens, but they ought to be tranfplanted once in two or three years, otherwife the roots grow luxuriant in ofT-fets, and the flowers are weak. Miller's Gard. Diet.

ORNITHOPODIUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower Is of the papilionaceous kind, and its piftil which arifes from the cup finally becomes a hooked, or falcated, jointed pod, of a flattifh and undulated form, and containing, in each joint, one roundifh feed. To this it is to be added, that the pods of this plant ufually grow four or five together ; and bv that means in their fhape refemble a bird's foot. The fpecies of omithopodium enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: 1. The great omithopodium. 2. The little omi- thopodium. 3 . The omithopodium with roots compofed of knot- ty tubercles. 4. The fcorpioides omith •podnm, with flatted

pods-