Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/159

 ORB

tr*mmon fucus ; but, inflead of growing into the branched form, the generality of thofe plants have, it is round and hollow, and in all refpe&s, refembies the fnape of an orange. It has, by way of root, certain very fine filaments, which fallen themfelves to the rocks, or to (hells, ffones, or any thing elfe that c. mes in the way. From these their grows no pedicle, but the body of the orange, as it is called, is fattened by them to the rock, or other folid fubdance. The orange itfelf, is ufually of about three or four inches in dia- meter ; and while in the fea, is full of water, and retains this when taken up. In this {fate, it frequently weighs a pound and an half, but when the water is let out, and it is clryed, it becomes a mere membrane, weighing fcarce any thing. It is beft preferved, by fluffing it full of cotton, as foon as the water is let out of it, and hanging it up to dry in this form. Its furface is irregular and rough, and its co- lour a dufky green on the outfide, and a clearer, but fome- what bluifh green within 5 and its thicknefs is about an eighth part of an inch. When viewed by the microfcope, it is feen to be all over covered with fmall glandules, or in- deed, compofed of them; for they ftand fo thick, one by another, as to leave no fpace between, and feem to make up the whole fubftance : fo that it appears very like the rough chagrin skin ufed to cover toys. Thefe are all fo many hol- low duels, thro' which the fea-water finds a paflage into the globe formed by this skin, and by this means it is kept al- ways full and diftended ; on cutting it with a pair of fciffars, the water immediately runs out, and the skins colLpfe : but there is fomefhing farther remarkable, which is, that the whole fubftance, near the wounded place, is in motion, and feems as if alive, and fenfible of the wound. The glan- dules are found full of water, and refembling fmall tranfpa- rcnt bottles ; and what goes to the flructure of the plant be- fide thefe, is an aficmblage of a vaft number of filaments, all which are alfo hollow, and filled with a clear and tran- fparcnt fluid.

There is another plant of this kind, described by Count Marfigli, Triumfetti, and others, and called the ramofe, or branched orange. This is very much of the nature of the former plant, but inftead of confifting of one round globule, it is formed of feveral oblong ones, all joined fo together, that they reprefent the branches of fome of the fucus's, but that they are fhorter ; and thefe are all hollow and full of water, in the fame manner as the fingle globes of the com' mon kind. This has, by way of root, certain fine and flender filaments, which fallen it to the ftones or fhells near which it is produced ; and it is of a dufky greenifh colour on the furface, and of a fine bluifh green within. The furface viewed by the microfcope, appears rough, as in th< other, and the glandules are of the fame kind, and are alway: found full of a dear water. Marfigli, Hid. de la Mer. p bl.

Orange-Am;, a fort of dew which falls in the fpring-time, from the leaves of orange and lemon trees, and is extremely fine and fubtile. Mr. De La Hire obferving this, placed fome flat pieces of glafs under the leaves to receive it, and having thus procured fome large drops of it, was defirous of find- ing out what it was. He foon found that it was not a mere- ly aqueous fluid, becaufe it did not evaporate in the air; and that it was not a refm, becaufe it readily, and perfectly mix- ed with water : it was natural here to fuppofe it a liquid gum ; but neither did this, on examination, prove to be the cafe ; for being laid on paper, it did not dry as the other li- quid gums do. Its anfwering to none of thefe characters, and its being of the confiftence of honey, and of a fweet- fugar-like-taite, gave a fufpicion of its being a kind of man- na ; and whatever in the other tryals had proved it not a refin, a gum, lie, all equally tends to prove that it is this fubftance.

ORAR1UM, in ecdefiafiical writers, the fame with brandeum. See the article Brandeum.

ORATORIO, in the Italian mufic, ,a fort of fpiritual drama of dialogues, containing recitativos, duettos, trios, ritornel- ios, chorufles, &c.

The fubjeSs cf thefe pieces are ufually taken from the Scrip- tures, or from the life of fome faint, &c. The mufic for the oraUrio fhould be in the fined tafte, and moft chofen drains. Thefe oratorios are greatly ufed at Rome in time of lent; and of late in England.

ORBICULAR leaf, among botanids. See Leaf.

ORMCULARE os. See the article Os.

ORBICULARIS, (CycJ.) in anatomy, a name given by Rio- lanus, and fome others, to the mulcle called by Alhinus er- im-ttlaris oris, and by Cowper and others, conJiriClcr labro- rum

Orbicularis, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the iirtanila, or cyclamen, called inEnglifhyku head. GV.Emac. Ind. 2. See Cyclamen.

Orbicularis intejlini, in anatomy, a name given by Ve- lalius, and fome others, to the mufcle now known by the name ot the fphmitcr mi.

ORB1S, in zoology, the name of a genus of fifties, of which there are a great many fpecies : that, however,which is ufually meant by the word 01 his above, is the fpe.ies called orbis pri- mus, by Rondeletius, mUriis xayptiacus by Salvian, becaufe frequently caught in the odia of the Nile. Excepting the buri'L. Vol. II. °

ORG

tail, this fifh is of a round figure. It has no fcales, but is covered with a firm and hard skin all over, full of fmall prickles, which render it very rough. Its mouth is fmall, and has four broad teeth. It has only one hole on each fide for its gills, and a fin under each. It has another fin near the tail on its under part, and another anfwering to it in its upper. The tail is one broad and flat fin. it is not eatable, for the whole fifh is head, or if you would rather call it fo, belly, IVillugbby's Hid. Pifc. p. 143. See Tab. of Fifhes, N Q 18, 631

There is an opinion, that when this fifh is dryed and hung up by the tail, it will always turn its mouth to that quarter from whence the wind blows.

The other fpecies of this genus are, the orbis lagocephalus, oibis Jcutatas, orbis mtricatus, or his ranis riflu, or his fp'nmfm Clufii, orbis muricatus alter Clufii, and the orbis oblongus tejtudinis capite. Rondelet, Gefier, Aldrovand. and Salvan. Orbis maguus, in adronomy, the 01 bit of the earth in its an- nual revolution round the fun. ORCHEiOGRAPHY, the art of noting all the fteps and mo- tions ufed in dancing. See Dance, Cycl. ORCHIS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe : the flower is of the polypetalous anomalous kind, confiding of fix leaves irregular in fhape and fize. 'I he five upper of which are fo difpofed, as in fome degree, to referable a helmet. The lower leaf is of various lhapes in the difterent fpecies; it has ufually a head, and often a tail, and relembles the body of a fly a bee a man, or other animal. The cup of the flower finally be- comes a fruit, which is pervious by three feneftra:, to each of which there adheres a valve. The feeds are extremly imall and referable a fine duft. To this it is to be added, that the roots are flefliy, with fibres propagated from them and are In fome fpecies roundiih, and referable the tefticles of an animal, and in others divided into feveral ferments refembling a hand and fingers. See Tab. 1. ofBotan°y clafs 11. Town. Ind. p. 431.

The fpecies of orchis, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The broad- leaved great orchis, with a aaping hood 2. The fmaller-flcwcred broad-leaved orchis, with a gaping hood. 3. The broad-leaved orchis, with a compaa fpike of flowers. 4. The narrower -leaved orchis, with a gapino-hood. 5. The great foldier orchis. 6. The middle foldier urtbis', 7. The leffer foldier orchis. 8. The mountain foldier orchis with a re-d conglomerated fpike. 9. The tall meadow fol- dier orchis, with variegated flowers. 10. The lower meadow foldier orchis. 11. The fweet-fcented purple mountain or- chis. 1 2. The fweet-fcented dusky purple orchis. 1 3. The globular-flowered orchis. 14. The dwarf alpine mofly-Ieaved orchis. 15. The common male orchis, with fpotted leaves.

16. The common male orchis, with fhorter fpotted leaves!

17. The common orchis, with drooping leaves, not fpotted.

18. The common orchis, with drooping plain leaves, and' with fmall white flowers. 19. The common female orchis.

20. The common female orchis, with rofe-coloured flowers.

21. The female orchis, with white and changeable-coloured flowers. 22. The common little male orchis, with fpotted leaves. 23. The male man orchis. 14. The female man orchis. 25. The monkey orchis. 26. The male Portugal man orchis, with an aromatic fmell. 27. The Portugal man orchis, with a final] green flower with a purple edge. 28. The bearded or goat orchis, with fhort and broad leaves. 29. The goat orchis, with longer and narrower leaves. 30. The fmaller goat orchis. 31. The fmaller goat orchis, with a purple fpike. 32. The common purple fpiked flinking 01- cl " s - r .3.3- The white fweet-fcented orchis, with fpiral flowers. 34. The two-leaved orchis, with very broad leaves. 35. The narrower-leaved bifoliate orchis. 36. The fmaller bifoliate orchis, with white flowers, with long fpurs. 37. The greater trif Hate orchis. 38. The fmaller trifoliate orchis. 39. The butterfly orchis, called by fome the frog orchis. 40. The greater bee orchis, with the upper leaves white and purple. 41. The bee orei/i, with greenifh flowers. 42. The bee or- chis, with ferrugineous flowers. 43. The bee orchis with blue flowers. 44. The bee orchis, with fpotted flowers. 4c. The bee orchis, with white flowers. 46. The bee orchis with wholly purple flowers. 47. The bee orchis, with va- riegated flowers. 48. The greater fly orchis. 49. The leffer fly orchis, with green wings and a green head. 50. The yellow fly orchis. 51. The narrow-leaved orchis Z2. The orchis refembling an expanded butterfly, with o- re en flowers 53. The butterfly orchis, with fpotted leaves. 54. The nar- row-leaved white flowered butterfly orchis. 55. The fpider orchis. 56. The Italian mountain orchis, with a ferruo-ineous flower with an oblong tongue. 57. The fpotted-leaved Ita- liworchis, with long tongues. 58. Thebroad leaved handed meadow orchis, with long fpurs. 59. The broad-leaved pal- mated meadow orchis, with frefh coloured flowers with long fpurs. 60. The broad-leaved palmated meadow orchil, with fnow-white flowers with long fpurs. 6 1 . The great narrow- leaved palmated meadow orchis. 62. The palmated meadow orchis, with fpotted leaves. 63. The white-flowered fpotted- leaved palmated meadow orchis. 64. The fpotted leaved pal- mated meadow orchis, with variegated flowers. 65. The

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