Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/151

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OMELYSTS, a word ufed by Hippocrates, and others of the antients, to exprefs the meal of barley, crude, or not parched. It is recommended, when reduced to the form of a pultice, by boiling in wine and oil, for curing all tumors of the tonfils. It is a!fo recommended, mixt m water, to be drank in haemorrhages of the uterus. ^ Authors of later date have made the word amelyfis ftand for all forts of meal, or flower, and fpme for an equal mixture of the meal of barley, linfeed, and fenugreek feed, in equal quantities ; a medicine ul'ed forhorfes. And Ccelius Aurelianus ufes it frequently for a cataplafm made cither of meal, or bread and water.

OMENTA, a word ufed by fome anatomical writers to exprefs the membranes of the brain.

OMENTUM (C)d.) — Falling down of the Omentum. On lar^e wounds of the abdomen, the omsntum will frequently protrude itfelf through the wound, either alone, or with fome portion of the inteftines. When this is the cafe, the firft bu- finefs is to enquire whether the protruded part prefer ves its heat, moifture, and natural colour : if it is not found faulty in any of thefe circumftances, it muft be gently returned, but when the ftraitneis of the wound forbids this, the protruded part muft be taken off clofe to the wound, and the wound healed according to the common form. The cmentum in this cafe will adhere to the internal part of the wound, without bringing on any diforder, or inconvenience to the patient. £Jut where the inteftines fall out at the fame time, the amen- tum is to be fomented by an aififtant with warm milk and wa- ter, till the inteftines are returned.

If any part of the protruded omentum be cold, dry, livid, putrid, or corrupted, the mortified part muft be entirely cut off be- fore the reft is returned, left the neighbouring parts mould be brought into confent, which would inevitaby prove fatal to the patient. The corrupted part is to be taken off in this man- ner : pafs a waxed thread two or three times round the found part of the omentum y near the place where it is injured, and faften it with a knot, to prevent any haemorrhage from enfuin^ after the reduction of it ; when you have made a fecure liga- ture, take off the corrupted part with the knife, or fciffars, and return what is found, leaving, at leaft, the length of a foot of the ligature hanging out of the wound of the abdo- men, till it Hips off from the found part of the omentum. The wound muft be dreffed in the common way, the depend- ing part of it being kept open by a large tent : and, at every dreffing, the ligature muft be pulled a little gently forward, till it has, at length, entirely flipped off from the found part of the amentum. HeiJIers Surg. p. 66.

OIvlER, in the Jcwiih, antiquity See Corus.

OMNES, in the Italian mufie, a Latin term which we Fome- times find ufed for tutt'i y all, or' altogether. See Tutti.

OMOPLATO HYOIMUS, a mufcle called alfo coracohyoi- daus, and onwhyoid^us. It is a very long and flender mufcle, much narrower than the fterno-hyoidaeus, and fituated ob- liquely on the fide of the neck, or throat, between the fca- pula, and the os hyoides ; it is a digraftic mufcle, being di- vided into two flcflry portions, joined endwife to a fhort, middle tendon. It is commonly fixed in the lower extremity to the fuperior cofta of the fcapula, between the fmall notch, j and the angle, and fometimes very near the angle, and, from thence, fome anatomifts have called it the co/hhyoidesus ; from thence it paffes over the coracoide apo- physis, adhering fometimes to it by a kind of aponeurofis, or membranous ligament; and, from this adhefion, the name wacohyaidxus was given it before its main infertion was dis- covered. It is alfo very often fixed to the clavicula by Iiga- mentary, or nefhy fibres, and fometimes inferted in the whole middle portion of that bone, being infcparably united with the Itcrno-hyoidaeus : having paft the clavicle, it is bent for- ward, and runs between the fterno-maftoidaeus, and internal jugular vein, the l'mall middle tendon being fituated in this place ; trom thence it runs up to its infertion in the inferior lateral part of the bafis of the os hyoides near the corner, and infertion of the fterno-hyoidaus, which it covers a little. IVinJJuh Anatomy, p. 255.

OMPHACITIS, a name given bynaturalifts to a fmall fort of gall of the oak.

OMPHACIUM. See Omphaciok, Cul.

OMPHACOMELI, a fort of «w/madc of the juice of unripe grapes, ami honey.

OMPHALODES, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, (he characters of which are thefe : the flower confiffs of one leaf, and is rotated, and divided into fegments at the ed»e 1 he pifiil arifes from the cup, and is fixed, in the manner of a nail, into the middle of the flower, and afterwards changes into a fruit computed of four capfules, containing Hattilh feeds affixed to a placenta, which forms a quadrilateral pyramid.

The fpecies of ompbal ' dts, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : I. The Portugal o.rpbalodes, with leaves like thofe ot flax 2. The taller, Portugal ompbalodes, with hound's- tongue leaves 3. The little, fpring, comfrey-leaved ompba- lodes, called by fome borrag.-comfrey, and creeping, dwarf comfrey Ttmm. Lift p. , 40 r *' J

OMPHALOMANTIA, a word ufed by fome authors to ex- prefs a fort of divination pretended to by the midwives and Suppl. Vol. II. , J

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old women, of telling how many more children a woman is to have, by examining the number of knots on the umbilical cord. OMPHALOTOMY, '<*»««**, the operation of cutting the navel-firing of new-born infants. See Umu ical, Cycl ■

OMPHALUS, (Cyel.) in natural hiftory, a term ufed by the antients to exprefs what they at other times called umblmculus in flones ; that is, a fmall round and prominent fpot, in the center of the flone.

The zimkmpi), which was a kind of oculus beli found in the Euphrates, had ufually a blue prominent pupil, and this was called ompkahis, and umlmr.ulus, indifferently, and fo in other flones. The words have both the fame origin, and are ufed to exprefs its being like the button, or prominent piece, in the middle of a fhield, called by the Greeks omphalos, and by the Latins mnbi. See the articles Zmilampis, and Umbun- culus.

OMPHAX, in the natural hiftory of the antients, the name they gave to a gem of the pellucid kind, and of a difajree- able greenifh colour, with a mixture of yellow. Pliny and fome other old writers, make this a kind of the aqua ma- rine, calling it the beryllus oUag'mns ; but the earlier writers ve- ry juftly determined it not to be of the beryll kind, but pro- perly a diflinfl fpecies of gem ; and, therefore, very properly called it by a peculiar geHerical name. Mil's Thcophraftus, p. 80.

OMOPLATiE offavits, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and others, to a mufcle called by W inflow tbe upper portion of tbe rbomboidalis, but by Albinus,'thc rhmntajbis minor. What Winllow calls the lower portion of the rhomboidalis, he calls the rhomboidsus major.

ONAGER, in natural hiftory, the name given by authors to the Wild afs, a creature common in Syria, and fome o'.her places, and differing very little more from the common afs, than as creatures in their native wildnefs do from thofe of the fame fpecies kept in ftables, and brought up to he do- meftic animals. The fkin of this creature is very robuft, and durable, and makes the common chagrin leather ufed by our cafe-makers, &c. its furface being rough with fmall tubercles. Ray's Synop Quad. p. 63.

ONAGRA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cba-' raflers of which are thefe: the flower is of the rofaceous kind, confifting of four leaves, difpofed into a circular form, and (landing on a cup ; from the upper part alfo of this cup, which is hollow, there arifes a pillil which finally becomes a cylindric fruit, which, when ripe, fplits open in four places, and is compofed of four cells, each containing a number of angular feeds, which are affixed to a placenta. The fpecies of onagra, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : 1 . The broad-leaved, yellow-flowered, American tma- gra, called by authors the yellow, podded wil/ow-berb. 2. The broad leaved, American onagra, with paler, yellow flowers. 3. The large-flowered, broad leaved, American onagra. 4. The fmall, narrow-leaved, Canada onagra. 5. The red- flalked, fmall-flowered, narrow r -leaved onagra. 6. The be- tony-leaved, American onagra, with rough fruit. 7. The American onagra, with large leaves, like thofe of arfmart, and with fmall yellow flowers. 8. The American onagra, with narrower, arfmart leaves, and large yellow flowers. 9. The. fhrubby, American onagra, with large yellow flowers, and leaves like the oleander. Tourti. inft. p. 302.

ONAGRIUS lapis, a name by which fome call the afmiu See Asmiits/apis.

ONCOS, Oy*s., in antiquity, was ufed to fignify an ornament for the head, peculiar to thofe who offered facrifice. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. Vol. 3. p. 1 34.

ONDEGGIARE, in the Italian mufic, fignifies to return the hand beating time, not directly, but by degrees ; as onde;gi. are la niano, to keep it wavering in the air, or giving it two motions, before it is quite lifted up to end the bar, and thence to fall it to beat a firft, fecond, or third time, of that, or an- other meafure.

ONEIRQGMOS, a word ufed by the antients to exprefs ve- nereal dreams.

ONEIROPOLI, QntfemfM, in antiquity, perfons whofe bufinefs it was to make predictions from dreams. Potter, Archa;ol. T. 1. p 304.

ONEIROSCOPI, Oyttfa&x/moi, in antiquity. See Oneiropoxt.

ONION, eel a, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: the flower is of the liliaceous kind, and compofed of fix leaves ; in the center of it there flands a pillil which finally becomes a roundifh fruit, divided into three cells, and containing roundifh feeds. To this it is to he added, that the flowers are placed in fpherical heads and that the leaves, as well as ftalks are tubular The fpecies of on'on enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: 1. The common, red-flowered onion, with red co'ats to the root 2. The common, white-flowered onion, with white coats to the roots 3. The onion with a turbinated root. 4. The oblong- rooted omen.. 5. The fcallion onion. 6. The Affile onion, or cib.ule. 7. The gte.it African fweet- rootcd tni-n. 8. The perennial, rufh leaved, fecrile en] n, 9. The fine-leaved, Alpine, ttaxta onion. 10. The fmallef, Portugal inin, with capillaceous leaves, and purple flowers'. LI 1 1. The

r lapis