Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/129

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pa(Ted through the flit of a cleft ftick, to prevent the nooze from being pulled away when the bird is caught in it. The fportfman, when he knows his bufinefs, does not ftay to watch thefe fnares, but fets them in the morning, and returns again to them at four in the afternoon, when he feldom fails of meeting with a fufficient number taken. The flicks are to be about the bignefs of a man's little finder, and are to be made fharp at one end, that they may fix^the better in the ground : to each of thefe is to be fixed one Tiooze. The fportfman is to take out with him feveral dozens of thefe bundled up together, and going into the coppice woods where there lie many leaves upon the ground, he is to fearch among thefe for the marks of woodcocks frequenting the place; if there come any there, it will be foon found out by the leaves, which are fpread about from fide to fide by thofe birds, in fearching under them for worms. Their dung alfo, which is of a dark grey colour, being found about the place, is a proof of their frequent- ing it.
 * t one end, and a large knot at the other, which is to be

When the place is thus pitched upon, the fportfman is to take a large circle at fome diftance from it, on each fide, in the way where the woodcocks are fuppofed to come to the place ; he is here to plant a fmall hedge row of furze, or other bufhes, of a coniiderable extent, and pretty thick, leaving gaps in it here and there. The woodcocks, ill making up to their place of feeding, when they come to this hedge, will run along by the fide of it, till they come to one of the gaps, and then go through, for they hate to take wing, and will run, at any time, a long way under a hedge, rather than fly over it. On this depends the fuccefs of the fport.

The mazes are to be fixed one in each of thefe gaps thro' which it is known the woodcocks will pafs j the ftick to which it is fattened is to be ftuck firmly in the ground, and the nooze to be fpread wide open ort the ground, leav- ing only fome dry leaves to fupport it. The whole gap being occupied by this nooze, the woodcock, when he comes, Cannot eafily efcape being taken by the legs in it, and when once caught he will lie till the fportfman comes. While a fportfman is walking about a wood in this view, it is very common for him to find fpringes, or noozes, of horfe- bair^ fixed at fix inches high, in feveral places. This may be looked on as a proof that there are partridges in the wood, and thefe are the means ufed by the country peo- ple to take them. The woodcocks, though in the day they lie in woods, yet, in the night, they go out, and frequent rivers and brooks, and, in the frofty nights, fuch fprings as do not freeze are particularly reforted to by them. The fportfman, when he has fet his noozes in the woods for the day-time, fhould retire to the watery places near them, and fearch for the marks of thefe birds coming to them by their dung, and other tokens. As foon as a place is found which they frequent, there mull be a fmall hedge low built there alfo in the fame manner as in the woods ; and in the gaps, which are to be made at the diftance of a- bout fix foot one from another, there are to be placed either the fame fort of noozes as thofe in the woods, or the fpringes made with hazel boughs, and the horfe-hair tied to a pack- thread. In either cafe, there is no doubt of fuccefs, for the birds which have once frequented a place, will come to it every night, as long as they remain any where near it; but particularly, if there be any fpring near a wood, the water not freezing when other waters are iced over, will be fure to bring the woodcocks together at it, and noozes planted pro- perly about this place, will feldom fail of fuccefs. If they have been left a night or two without fuccefs, the fportfman is not to defpair ; for though there fhould happen to be no woodcocks there when they are firft fet, thefe birds change place fo often, that it need not be doubted but fo proper a rendezvous -will be foon reforted to by them. NOPE, in zoology, an Englifh name ufed by fome for the hull

finch. See BvLL-fincb. NORA, a word ufed by fome of the chemical writers for lime, by others for nitre, and by others for all falts in general, as the word fal. NORTH (Cyd,)—NoRTK-weJ?Pqf.ge. A north-weft pajjhge by Hudfon's bay, into the pacific ocean has been more than -• once attempted of late years, but, hitherto, without fuccefs. Some greatly doubt of the praaicablenefs of fuch an enter- prize, and think the obfervations made by the Ruffians give us fmall hopes. But, as they have not yet publifhed the par- ticulars of their difcoveries, little can be faid about them. Some general things may be feen in the Phil. Tranf. N° 482. Seel. 14. It appears from thence, that the Ruffians have patted between the land of Nova Zembla, and the coaft of Afia, and, as the Dutch did formerly difcover the northern coafts of Nova Zembla, we may now be well allured, that that country is really an ifland. NOSE (CycL) — Bleed ng at the Nose. An hemorrhage of the nofe is an ufual remedy of nature to relieve herfelf, in cafes of a plethora, and a difficult circulation. It is often wholly falutary, and comes on, in fuch cafes, leifurely ; proceeds without violence, and flops at a proper time. But it is fome-

times to be looked on as a difeafe coming on haftily, con* tinuing with violence, and bringing on very bad fymptoms- Bleedings at the mfe, in acute difeafes, are fometimes critical, happening on the days of the crifes, and thefe are ufually copious : fometimes they are merely fymptomatic, happen- ing at indeterminate and uncertain times ; fuch are the bleed- ings from this part in the fmall-pox, and in petechial fevers ; the firft are falutary, thefe rather of bad confequence. The lighter haemorrhages of the nfe are often preceded by no fymptoms, but break out placidly, and go off in the fame manner. The more violent ones are ufually preceded by a congeftion of blood about the head, a rednefs of the cheeks, an inflation of the face, a turgefcence of the vef- tels of the temples, and the neck, a noife and ringing in the ears, a hcavinefs of the eyes, and often a fparkling of light in them ; a vertiginous diforder of the head, a bind- ing of the bowels, a thinnefs and diminution of quantity of urine, tenfions in the hypochondria, a fuppreflion of cuf- tomary fweats, and a coldnefs of the lower parts.

Perfcns fubjeft to it. Thefe are young people, principally thofe between the age of fourteen, and one and twenty ; and thofe of plethoric habits. Women are lefs fubje& to them than men. Scorbutic habits ufually throw people in- to bleedings at the nfe ; which is not wonderful, fince the fcurvy principally owes its rife to a plethora. Thefe bleed- ings are brought on by violent emotions either of the mind, or body, by blows on" the part, by a too copious ufe of wine, or hot foods, and fpicey things ; by great heat of the weather, or of the room where a perfon remains fome time ; and fometimes by much lighter caufes, as barely the warning the face, or bending the head too much toward the earth.

Prognojlics. It is commonly known, that moderate bleedings at the nofe relieve people in heavinefies of the head, and pains and numbnefs in the limbs, and occalion a more chearful turn of mind. But when this difcharge is injudi- cioully treated, or rafhly flopped by aftringents, there often fucceed violent fullnefs and inflations of the vefiels of the head, and dangerous inflammations of the eyes, and other parts. Too frequent bleedings at the nfe in young perfons fometimes prefage confumptions, for the congeitions which occafioned them turning upon the bread as the perfon grows up, occalion fpitting of blood, and finally a phthifis, A critical bleeding at the nofe, if fufficient in quantity, often happily carries ofra fever. In petechial fevers, fymptomafic haemorrhages at the nofe are very bad fymptoms ; and, in. ' the fmall-pox dangerous, though lefs fatal than in this difeafe. An habitual haemorrhage from the nofe in grown perfons, is often a fymptom of fome diftemperature in the abdominal vifcera; and, in old people, they often prefage apoplexies, and vertigoes ; for when there is a conftant congeftion of blood about the head, and this accuftomed difcharge is any way impeded, it is often feen that thefe difeafes are the effect.

Method of treatment. In all bleeding at the nofe, if the blood flows moderately, if ir^ihews by its fluid ftate, that it refults from a plethora ; if it is not too great for the age and ftate of the patient, and if it be habitual, and ufe to be attended with good confequences, nothing is to be done to impede or ftop it. But if they be violent, and return often, or If the quantity of blood difcharged be too great for the flrength of the patient to bear, and they are ufually attended with bad confequences, then the afliftance of medicine is neceflary. Nitre, mother of pearl, cinnabar are to be given in powder, and decoc- tions of daify roots, comfrey, and poppy flowers in large draughts, with jellies of hartfhorn and ivory ; ancj, if neccf- fary, fome gentle opiate, and a proper diet muft be prefcribed ; the abftaining from fpirituous liquors, and high-feafoned foods being abfolutely neceflary, and the keeping out of great heats, and avoiding violent paffions, being equally neceffarv. Bleed- ing and purging are proper after the fit is over, to prevent a return ; and to thefe may be added warm baths for the feet, and the common diaphoretics. Junck. Confp. Med. p. 20. Fraclure of the Nose. In the mfe both bone and cartilage are fubject to fractures, which happen fometimes on either fide, and fometimes in the middle from blows or falls ; if either of the bones in the front of the mfe are fractured, it produces a flatnefs in the nofe, and the air meets with obftructions in its paflage through the noftrils; and if the bone, on either fide, is fractured, the part becomes hollow. When the cartilage is difturbed, the nofe inclines too much on one fide. Thefe fractures fometimes happen without a wound, but mere ufu- ally they are attended with a wound of the common integu- ments. If the injury of the nfe is very great, the fracture can never be fo perfectly cured, but that fome deformity will remain. The vicinity of this part to the brain alfo, which is frequently injured at the fame time, renders cafes of this kind often dangerous. A caries alfo, or an ozena, or poly- pus, arc no uncommon attendants on this diforder. In order to reftore the bones of the nofe to their proper fituation, the patient is to be placed in a feat oppofite to the light, and his head held back by an afliftant. The furgeon is to raife the depreired parts with a fpatula, a probe, or a quill, applying externally the thumb of one hand, and the fore finger of the other. If the bones of the nofe are fractured on both fides,

they