Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 2.djvu/128

 NOM

N O O

wTiitc earth ufed in medicine in Germany, Italy, and fonie other parts of the world, but not known in the Englifh fhops. It is now dug principally about Macerata, a city in the mar- quifate of Ancona, in the pope's territories, and is in great efteem in malignant feVeis, and againft the bites of veno- mous animals.

It is a denfe earth, of a greyifh white, very hard, and of an infipid tafte, and does not effervefce with acid menftruums.

Miles Hift. of Kofi: p. 3.

NOCTAMBULATlO,ttw»;»|- in the fleep. This is a very re- markable diftemperature of the imagination, and, in different perfons, differs greatly in degree. Thole who are butmoderately affected with it, only repeat their actions of the day, and getting out of the bed, go quietly to the places they fre- quent at other times ; but thofe who are afflicted with it in the moft violent degree, go up to dangerous places, and do things that would terrify them to think of, when awake: thefe are by fome called lunatic night-walkers, becaufe fits are obferved to return with moft frequency, and violence, at the changes of the moon. Caufes of it. The only material caufc that can be affigned in this cafe, is a plethora, or over-fullnefs of blood, but this is influenced by an immaterial one, that is, by the fancy, which is bufily employed in dreams about particular ob- jects. Method of cure. The primae via; are firft to be cleared of all their foulnefles by a ftrong purge ; after this it is proper to bleed in the foot, taking away eight or ten ounces ; then powders compofed of nitre, cinnabar, and crab's eyes,fhould be taken three or four times a day, and particular regard ihould be had to the changes of the moon. It will be proper to fet a vcfTel of water by the bed-fide, in fuch a manner that the pcrfon will naturally ftep into it on gett- ing out, and be awaked by that means ; and if thefe things fail, a perfon fhould be fet up to watch him, and beat him, every time it happens. 'Junker* sConfp. Med- p. 698. NOCTIBO, in zoology, the name given by the Portuguefe to a fmall Brafilian bird, a fpecies of the goat-fucker, or churn-owl, more known among naturalifts by its Bralilian name ibijau. Marggr. Hift. Brafd. See the article Ibi- jau. NOCTUA aurita, in zoology, a name by which fomc have called the fmaller fpecies of the horn owl, more ufually di- ftinguifhed by the name otus. Rays Ornithol. p. 63. See the article Otus. Noctua canora, in zoology, a name given by Nieremberg to a bird of the Spanifh Weft-Indies, called by the natives chicantli, and fometimes kept by the Spaniards in cages. See Chicantxi. Noctua minor, in zoology, the name given by Mr. Ray to the kcuizlin, or, as others call it, the fchaffili, z very beautiful little bird of the owl kind, and not exceeding the fize of the common thrufh. Ray's Ornithol. p. 69. See Schaffilt. NOC I UINI cadi, a name given by fome to grey eyes, from

their refembling thofe of the no£lua, or owl. NOCTUOLENT, among botanifts, a name given to fuch plants as fmell itrongeft in the night time. See DoG-rofe. NODULUS, a word ufed in pharmacy for a knot tied in a rag, and including fome medicinal ingredients to be fuf- pended in any liquor. See Nodule, (.yd. NOERA, a word ufed by fome chemifts for the head of an alembick, or the cover of a cucurbit, or any other veffel ufed in diftillation. Cajlell Lex. in voc. NOFESCH, in natural hiftory, a word of Hebrew origin ufed as the name of a precious ftone. There has been much difputc among the commentators on the old teffa- ment, what ftonc it was. It feems derived from the root fuch, which fignifies the ruby, or carbuncle, and, as a de- rivative of that word, it mull be fuppofed to exprefs a red ftone, not one of any other colour As the ruby is fi^ni- ficd by fuch, this cannot mean the fame ftone, and there- fore probably meant the garnet, they having no other name, that we known of, for that ftone, and it being very like the ruby. NOCHETZLINOPALLI, or Nochezncpatli, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the opuntia, on which the cochineal infect loves to feed. Jonf. Dend. p. 56. See Opuntia. NOISETIER, in botany, the name by which the French call the feveral fpecies of hazel, and filbert-trees. See Hazel. NOLA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the a-

nemone. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. NOME(C)f/.) — Nome, no^mi, in medical writers, is ufed for an eating, or corroding ulcer, and is much the fame with phagedena. See Phagedena, Cycl.

The word is Greek vopr, : it occurs in Galen. Some later writers, as Foreftus, call it ulcus obambulam, and obambulati- vum. Caflellus. Nome, among the antient Egyptians, a divifion, or province, into which the whole kingdom was divided. The origin of the nomes, according to Diodorus Siculus, was this : the inhabitants being refractory, and much inclined to infur-

rections, in order to prevent thefe, the kings divided the whole country into different provinces, or nomes, and efta- blifhed the worfhip of fome particular animal in each of them, prohibiting at the fame time fuch animal to be eaten within the bounds where it was worfhipped. Hence, as every province was intoxicated with its own parti- cular form, and object of worfhip ; it entertained the higheft contempt for that of its neighbours, and took a pleafure in profaning the animal, which among them had divine honours paid it. This religious oppofition had the defired effect ; for, all mutual confidence being thereby cut off, there were no more infurrections againft the government. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. Vol. 13. p. 52. Nome is alfo ufed for a kind of fong, or hymn, in honour of the gods, faid to have been invented by Terpander. For a fur- ther defcription of which, fee Mem. Acad. Infcrip. Vol. 14. p. 342, feq. NOMENCLATORES, (Cycl) among the botanical authors, are thofe who have employed their labours about fettling and ad- jufting the right names, fynonyms, and etymologies of names, in regard to the whole vegetable world. Ltnnai Fund. Bot. p. 2. NOMOPHYLACES, N^pt,**^, among the Athenians, magi- firates who were to fee the laws executed, being not unlike to our fheriffs. They had the execution of criminals committed to their care, as alfo the charge of fuch as were confined pri- foners. They had alfo power to feize thieves, kidnappers, and highwaymen, upon fufpicion ; and, if they confeffed the fact, to put them to death ; if not, they were obliged to pro- fecute them in a judicial way. Potter, Archseol. Grasc. T. 1. p. 78. Nomophylaces were Iikewife officers belonging to the Olym- pic games, whofe bufinefs it was to inftruct thofe who were to contend, in all the laws of the games. See HellenodicjE. NOMOTHETIC, N^oG.-W, among the Athenians, were athou- fand in number, and chofen by lot out of fuch as had been judges in the court Belia-a. Their office was not (as their name feems to imply) to enact new laws by their own authority, for that could not be done without the approbation of the fenate, and the people's ratification ; but to infpect the old, and, if they found any of them ufelefs, or prejudicial, as the ftate of affairs then flood, or contradictory to others, they caufed them to be abrogated by an act of the people. Befide this, they were to take care that no man fhould plough, or dig deep ditches within the Pelafgian wall; to apprehend the offenders, and fend them to the archon. Potter, Archasol. Graec. 1. 1, c. 13. T. 1. p. 79. NON {Cycl ) — Non afjujnpfit, in law, a plea in perfonal ac- tions, whereby a man denies any promife made, &c. Non dijlringendo, a writ not to diftrain, ufed in divers cafes.

Blount, Cowel. Non iniplacitando atiquem de libevo ienetnento fine brev'i, a writ to prohibit bailiffs, &c. from diftraining any man touching his freedom, without the king's writ. Reg. Orig. 171. Blount, Cowel. Non intromittendo quando breve precipe in capite fubdole impetra- tur, a writ directed to thejuftices of the bench, or in eyre, commanding them not to give one that had, under colour of intitling the king to land, &c. as holding of him in capite, de- ceitfully obtained the writ called precipe in capite, any benefit thereof, but to put him to this writ of right. ' Reg. Orig. *. This writ having dependance on the court of wards, flnce taken away, is now difufed. Blount, Covjel Non fncrchandixando viclualia, a writ to juftices of affize to en- quire whether the magiftrates of fuch a town do fell victuals in grofs, or by retail, during the time of their being in office. which is contrary to an antient ftatute, and to punifh them if ^ they do. Reg. Orig. 1 84. Blount, Cowel 'Hox-fijfum, in the antient mufic. See Apycnon. Nots-fecb clay, a particular fort of earth, which, mixed with an- other clay brought from Worcefterfhire, makes a compofition very ufeful for the making the melting-pots ufed in the green glafs making. Nens Art of Glafs, p. 246. NONUPLA, in tiie Italian mufic, denotes a quick time, pe- culiar to jigs. This fpecies of time is otherwife called the 7/ieafure of nine times, which requires two falls of the hand, and one rife. There are three forts of nonupla. r. Nonupla di femi-minime, or dupla fefqui quarta, thus marked %, where nine crochets are to be in the bar, of which four make a femi- breve in common time, i. e. in the down ftroke, fix, and but three up ; it is ufually beat adagio. 2. Nonupla di crome, or fefqui otta-va, marked thus f, wherein nine quavers make a bar, in- ftead of eight in common time, i. e. fix down, and three up : 'tis beat preflo. 3. Nonupla di femi-enme, or fuper fetti par- tiente ficna, thus diftinguifhed r| a in which nine femi-quavcrs are contained in a bar, whereof fixteen are required in com- mon time, fix down, and three up: 'tis ordinarily beat /)/*/- tijpmo. See Adagio, Presto, and Prestissimo. Bcltde thefe, there are two other fpecies of nonupla, for which feeTn iple, Cycl. NOOZE, a name given by fportfmen to a fort of horfe-hair fpringemade to take woodcocks, and very fuccefsfu!, when the proper precautions are taken. The maze is made of feveral long and ftrong hairs twifted together, with a running maze