Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/998

 L I C

LIC*

in form of a mere cruft, or of leaves varioufly divided, and raifed. They have tubercles on the feveral parts of thefe ferving in the place of flowers or feeds, and grow- ing clofely upon the leaves without pedicles. Micheli has defcr'ibed the flowers and feeds of thefe plants from micro- fcopic obfervations, but thefe are too minute to form gene- rical diftinctions on. Thefe plants have the name liche- noides, from their refemblance to the lichen, or liverwort, as they confift, like it, of leaves diffufed every way. They have hence been called by fome lichens ; but the difference between the two genera is very great, thefe having very imperfect flowers, the others the moft, perfect of all the mofles.

The lichenoides are a very numerous genus, and are there- fore divided into feveral fubordinate feries, or orders. Of the firft order, or thofe which have no leaves, but are merely cruftaceous, the following are all the known fpecies. I. The cruftaceous lichenoides^ marked with lines refembling foreign characters. The cruft is white in this, and the lines flender and black. 2. The black dotted wrinkled li- chenoides. The cruft of this is white, and the fpots fmall and protuberant, and of a fine black. 3. The leprous brown knobbed lichenoides. The cruft of this is very thin, and of a whitifh grey -, the tubercles are brown and large. 4. The yellow lichenoides, marked with lines refembling the figures on a map. The cruft is of a pale yellow, and very thin ; the lines black. 5. The red knobbed lichenoides. This has no cruftaceous bottom, but confifts only of fmall red tubercles, refembling fmall fungus's. 6. The black lentil lichenoides. This grows on rotten wood. The tu- bercles are blackifh, and of an oval figure ; and it feems of a middle nature, between the lichenoides and fungus's. 7. The white tartareous fcarlet dying lichenoides. This grows on the rocks in the mountains of Wales, and is com- pofed of a hard and gritty cruft, feeming almoft of a Irony nature, and much refembling common tartar. This is whit- ifh, and is ornamented, in feveral parts, with black tubercles. They boil this in urine, and it dies filk to a very beautiful red. Dillen, Hilt. Mufc. p. 124.

The fecond order of the lichenoides comprehends thofe which have regular fcutellas appearing in manner of flowers j thefe are little hollowed cups, as it were, furrounded with 2 kind of rim. Of thefe the following are the known fpe- cies. I. The wrinkled wart lichenoides. This confifts of a thin cruft of a blueifh grey colour, befet with fmall wart- like protuberances ; which, as they grow larger, aflume the form of fcutellas, or little dimes, hollowed pretty deeply. It grows on old trees, and on ftones. 2. The fcabrous li- chenoides with tubercles refembling crabs eyes. The cruft is grey, and the tubercles grow to be wide fcutellas. This js ufed in dying, and is called by fome perelle. 3. The meally rugged lichenoides. This firft appears in form of a dufty fubftance, then it rifes into tubercles, and thefe finally become fcutellas. It grows on oak trees. 4. The meally tartareous lichenoides with brown fcutellas. This is compofed of a thick cruft, which is covered with a white farinaceous matter ; the fcutellas are very broad, and have a white rim, fcut are brown in the middle. 5. The large leprous liche- noides with yellow plates. The cruft of this is thick and wrinkled, the fcutellas broad, and of a pale yellow, with white rims. 6. The red fpangled tartareous lichenoides. This has a thick cruft, of a livid or blueifh colour, the fcutellas are very broad, and have a filvery rim, being red in the middle. 7. The black fpangled leprous lichenoides. The cruft is thin, and of a greyifh colour, the fcutellas fome large, fome fmall, and all black. 8. The brown, or vari- oufly fpangled leprous lichenoides. This makes its firft ap- pearance in form of fmall grey tubercles, with a little brown hole in the center of each: thefe afterwards ripen into fcutellas. It is common on old walls, trees, C3V. 9. The round grey cruftaceous lichenoides. This is common on trees and old walls, and fticks faft to them all round. 10. The round yellow cruftaceous lichenoides. This is extremely common on old walls, and the cruft and fcutellas are both yellow. Ibid. p. 129.

The fecond order comprehends the foliaceous lichenoides. Of thefe fome are of a gelatinous fubftance, and have tu- bercles and fcutellas. Of this kind the following are all the known fpecies. 1. The curled flefhy fea lichenoides. This refcmbles the interlines of an animal, and is fhort and thick, but not hollow, and is of a browniih green colour, and jelly-like fubftance. It grows in fea marfhes. 2. The wrinkled bats wing lichenoides. This is thin, membrana- ceous, and black. 3, The thin reticulated lichenoides. This is of a pale greenifh colour, and has a great number of prominent veins difpofed in a reticular form. 4. The lo- bated jelly-like lichenoides. This is hollow, and divided into feveral lobes. It is of a greenifh brown colour, and grows to ftones. 5. The curled jelly-like lichenoides. This is of a greenifh black colour, and is varioufly finuated. 6. The ear-like granulated gelatinous lichenoides. This grows to fmall ftones in garden walks. 7. The fea ragwort leaved lichenoides. This is of a brown colour, and beautifully la- ciniated. 8. The imbricated jelly-like lichenoides. This is

of a greenifh colour. 9. The palmated jelly-like cluftered lichenoides. This is found in woods in the winter months. 10. The opuntia-like jelly lichenoides. The leaves of this are narrow and thick. It is found in the mountains of Wales and Yorkfhire. 11. The broader opuntia leaved jelly li- chenoides. The leaves of this are Iefs wrinkled than thofe of the former, and are of a dufky green, befet all over with tubercles. 12. The horned and tranfparent lichenoides- This is fometimes green, fometimes purplifh, and is com- pofed of jeaves growing into horns at their edges. It is common in fpring among other mofles on heaths. 13. The tranfparent endive leaved lichenoides. This is thin, and curled at the edges, and of a pale green, and is common among mofs. 14. The lettuce leaved tranfparent lichenoides. This is of a blueifh green colour, and grows in Patagonia. 15. Thecrifp jelly lichenoides with flat leaves. This grows in clufters, and its leaves fpread every way about. 16. The crifp jelly lichenoides with fmall upright leaves. This grows in fmall tufts, and is of a bright pleafant green. 17. The crifp jelly-like lichenoides, which feems as if prickly. This is of a blackifh green, and is fo nicely divided into fegments at the edges, as to appear prickly. Ibid. p. 140 feq. Of the gelatinous lichenoides, the following are the known fpecies of the dry and more rigid kinds, which have regu- lar fcutellas. 1. The common blue curled lichenoides. This is common on walls and old trees. 2. The fmall leaved blueifh lichenoides with hairy edges. This is common on the bodies of old oaks in Penfylvania. 3. The broad leaved lichenoides with hairy edges. The leaves of this are black underneath. 4. The faucer lichenoides. The leaves of this are much divided, grey on the upper fide, and black under- neath, and the fcutellas are large, and of a blackifh red.

5. The larger fea-green hairy lichenoides. The leaves of this are from one inch to two in length, and varioufly di- vided; the fcutellas grow at their edges, and ftand on longifli pedicles. 6. The fmall grey hairy lichenoides. This is a very fine and tender kind, and the fcutellas are black. 7. The fmall grey tree lichenoides, with black underfides to the leaves, and brown fcutellas, defcribed by Micheli. 8. The blunt horned lichenoides. This grows on the ground, and ftands fomewhat erect. Ibid. p. 146.

Thefe have their fcutellas ftanding on pedicles, more or lefs long ; the following kinds have them applied clofe to the furface of the leaves, and ufually of one colour : the leaves of thefe are more or Iefs broad, and generally grow out from ftones, or the branches of trees. 1. The grey flat black haired lichenoides. This grows to an inch in length, and the leaves are flatted, and edged with long black hairs, 2. The rough narrow leaved lichenoides with black fpangles* The leaves of this are fomewhat compreffed and rigid, and are divided into five fegments : the fcutellas are fmall and black, furrounded with a thin edge of grey. 3. The bitter horned grey lichenoides. The leaves of this are narrow at the bafe, and wider toward the extremity : the fcutellas are rarely feen, but they are large, and black within. 4. The white prickly lichenoides with yellow fcutellas. This is di- vided into feveral fegments, and is of a whitifh colour, both on the upper and under fide. 5. The white narrow horned lichenoides. The leaves of this are foft and tender, and have ufually a number of fmall tubercles at their edges.

6. The common horned tree lichenoides. This is of a pale afh colour, and is the moft common of all the fpecies : the trunks and branches of old trees are every where almoft covered with it, and old pales and gates afford it in great abundance. 7. The fmooth pitted endive leaved lichenoides. This does not grow on trees, but on ftones, or on the ground, and has a bafis of a coarfe blackifh cruftaceous matter, from which it rifes in form of beautifully divided green leaves. 8. The black jagged, or fringed lichenoides. This is fometimes compofed of broader, fometimes of nar- rower leaves, but they are always cut into jags and coarfe fringes at the extremities, in the manner of a farrier's apron. 9. The lichenoides which refembles the fallopian tube. This is- of a membranaceous fubftance, of a blueifh green colour on the outfide, and white underneath : the fcutellas are broad, and ftand near the edges. 10. The long leaved wrinkled ftifF lichenoides. This is of a dufky greyifh green, and is all over covered with fcutellas in the proper feafon. It grows on the trunks of old oaks, and other trees, n. The dyers lichenoides with fhort and blunt horns. This is very like fome of the fea fucus's in the divifion of its leaves ; the leaves are whitifh, and the tubercles very fmall. It grows on the rocks in the ifland of Jerfey. 12. The flat dyers lichenoides with longer and fharper horns. This alfo refembles fome of the fucus's in the divifion of its leaves. It grows in large clufters. It Is common in the Eaft-Indies, and is called by many authors alga tinRoria, and rocella, ■ and is ufed in dying. See Rocella. 13. The coralli- form channelled leaved lichenoides. This is of a whitifh colour, and from an inch to three in length. Its fcutelhe are fmall, and grow about the edges and extremities of the leaves. 14. The fine cut warty lichenoides. This is divide ed at the edges into extremely fine fegments, and is befet toward the extremities with fmall dufty tubercles. 15. The

brown