Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/997

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a native of Greenland, and very rarely is found in flower. 4. The fined: leaved many flowered lichenajlrum. This is an extremely fmall fpecies, it grows plentifully with us on Shooter's Hill. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 486. The fecond feries of thefe lichenajlra comprehends thofe, which have their leaves fet on each fide the ftalks, and re- ferable in miniature the feveral kinds of the trichomanes and afplenium. The firft divifion of thefe comprehends thofe which have fimple pinna:, placed alternately againft one ano- ther, and the middle rib naked.

The firft fubdivifion comprehends thofe which have whole pinna;, or at the utmoft fiich as are only lightly crenatcd. Of thefe the following are all the known fpecies. I. The fpleenwort-like lichenajlrum, with thin fet leaves. This grows among the other modes in (hady places, and when it grows near clear running waters, ufually has a fwect fmell. 2. The fpleenwort-like lichenajlrum, with thicker fet leaves. This grows in wet and ftiadowy places. 3. The trichomanes- like lichenajlrum, with flowers from the middle and bottom. This flowers in April, and is not uncommon in wet places in woods. 4. The aquatic trichomanes-like lichenajlrum, with a fweet fcent, commonly called the St. Winifred's well mofs. This is found in many parts of Devonihire, and in fome other places in wet grounds. 5. The fhort creeping trichomanes-like lichenajlrum with many flowers. This is found in many parts of England, and is eafily di- ftinguiflied at a diftance, when in flower, from the areat number of the flowers. 6. The fmall trichomanes-like Kchmaflrum, with flowers at the ends of the branches : this is common in ihady places, and produces its heads in April. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 487. '

The fecond fubdivifion of thefe lichenajlra comprehends thofe which have pinnae cut into two or three fegments, or as it were prickly. Of thefe the following are all the known fpecies. 1. The larger hollow double ftriped liche- najlrum. This grows to two inches long, and is frequently found with its flowers in October and November, on heaths and in fliady woods on the dumps of trees. 2. The frnallcr double ftriped lichenajlrum with blunter points. The pinna; of this ate ftioiter, more obtufe, and lefs deeply cut in than thofe of the former : it is common in wet and fliady places. .3. The fmalleft double ftriped lichtnajirum with (harper points. The branches of this are very fhort, and it is very frequently found with a great number of flowers in April in fliady woods. 4. The lead: double ftriped bifid lichenajlrum with fwollen (heaths. This is not more than of half the big- nefs of the former. 5. The triple ftriped lichenajlrum with many branches. This is found on the Welch mountain.-. ■ 6. The lichenajlrum, with alternate, and as it were prickly pinnae. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 489.

The third divifion of thefe lichenajlra takes in thofe which arc pinnated and refemble the trichomanes, but which have their middle rib hid, or covered by the auricula of the pinna;, or elfe by fecondary ones.

The firft fubdivifion of thefe comprehends thofe which have the middle rib covered by the auricula; of the pinna;. The following are the known fpecies of this kind. 1. The lichenajlrum with pinna;, not ferrated, but with very large auricles. This is of a rufty colour, and does not creep, but grows tolerably ereft. It is not unfrequent in woods.

2. The lichenajlrum with fmaller auricles and ferrated leaves. This is found in fome parts of Germany, but not in England.

3. The auriculated lichena/lrum with round thick fet leaves. This grows in large clufters, yet is not ereft, it is found on rocks in moid: places. 4. The flat ear'd lichenajlrum with narrow crooked leaves. This grows in tufts, its leaves are bent, and the ftallcs from half an inch to an inch and half in height, it is common in fliady places, and flowers in April. 5. The auriculated lichenajlrum, with hairy birds foot leaves. This has longer branches, and the leaves are lefs curled or bent than in the other fpecies. It is found on the Welch mountains. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 403.

The fecond fubdivifion of thefe lichenajlra, comprehends thofe which have the lower part of their middle rib, co- vered with either one fingle foliage, or with a feries of in- termediate pinna;. Of thefe the following are all the known ipecies. 1. The lichenajlrum, with a geniculated middle rib, and obtufely mfid pinna;. This is found on the Welch mountains, and is fometimes Angle (hiked, fometimes branched. 2. The greater lichenajlrum with multifid leaves, and flowers from the extremities. This ufually grows in large tufts, and is fometimes ereft, fometimes creeping ; it is found in many parts of England. 3. The dwarf lichenaf- trum with multifid leaves, and with flowers growing from the bottom of the (talks. This in drying acquires an im- bricated look, which it lofes again on being wetted. It is common by hollow road fides." 4. The pennated fern-like lichenajlrum. This is a fort of miniature pifture of fome of the ferns, it grows in Patagonia.

The third feries of thefe lichenajlra, comprehends thofe which are imbricated, or have their pinna; (landing clofer upon, and lying over one another, and (landing lefs out from the furface of the ftalks. The firft divifion of thefe takes 111 thofe which have fcales or pinna;, as it were fur- Suppl. Vol. I.

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niflied with a fecondary fcale below. Of thefe the following are all the known fpecies. I. The large, flat, fcaly liche- najlrum. This is common on the barks of trees in almoft all places, but it flourilhes bed: in damp and (hady parts of woods. 2. The lefler convex fcaly lichenajlrum: this is commonly found mixed among the other in woods, but it is fometimes feparate. It is while young of a beautiful green, but it foon lofes that colour, and becomes firft brown, and afterwards of a blueifh purple. 3. The lead: flat lichenajlrum with grey fcaly leaves. This is found in the woods about Oxford and in many other parts of Eng- land, and is ufually met with among other modes, and creeping upon them. 4. The fmalleft herniaria leaved lichenajlrum, defcribed by Micheli. This is found in Italy. 5. The fmalleft round leaved lichenajlrum with punftated leaves. This alfo is defcribed by Micheli, and is found in Italy among other modes on the dumps of trees. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 499.

The fecond diviiion of thefe lichenajlra contains thofe. which have the ribs or nerves of the branches, covered un- derneath by a fort of fecondary fquammse ; of thefe the fol- lowing are all the known fpecies. 1. The fcaly lichenajlrum, refembling the French tamarifk ; this is found on rocks, and on the (lumps of trees in many parts of England.

2. The fmaller lefs round leaved, arbor vitie-like lichenaf- trum. This grows on trees and walls in very thick tufts, and is very common both- in England and Noith America.

3. The rounder leaved arbor vita-like lichenajlrum. This alfo grows with us on the (lumps of trees, but is lefs com- mon than the former. 4. The imbricated lichenajlrum with leaves like a curled fern. This grows to two inches high, and is found on barks of trees in Patagonia. Dillen. Hill. Mufc. p. 502.

The fourth feries of thefe lichenajlra takes in thofe, which are every way furrounded with leaves. Of this kind the following are the known fpecies. 1. The elegant woolly fem-liki. lichenajlrum. This is common about London in damp places. 2. The lichenajlrum with various leaves. This is common in damp places in woods, and flowers in the fpring. .3,, The lead hoary lichenajlrum flowering at the points. This is found in the woods of Germany, but has not yet been obferved in England. 4. The alpine lichenajlrum refembling the filver bryum. This grows in very thicjc tufts, and is found on the Welch mountains. 5. The cho- colate coloured alpine lichenajlrum with fcaly flieaths. This alfo is found on the Welch mountains, and grows in thick tufts. 6. The dufky alpine lichenajlrum with fine reflefted leaves. This grows on the rocks in the higheft parts of the Welch mountains, but ufually in damp places. The fecond order of thefe lichenajlra comprehends thofe which have leaves varioufly and indeterminately divided, which creep upon the ground, and have no ftalks except the pedicles. Of thefe the following are all the known fpecies.

1. The broad leaved lichenajlrum with round heads growing out of the middle of the leaves. This is frequent on the deep banks of rivers, and in other damp places, it flowers in March. 2. The jagged lichenajlrum, with oblong heads, growing near the fegments of the leaves. This flowers in April, and is frequent about London. 3. The fine cut ambrofia-like lichenajlrum : this is a fmall fpecies, and its leaves are always fpread about the ground. It grows in woods and (hady places in fome parts of England, but is very fcarce. 4. The germander like lichenajlrum with mul- tifid leaves. This is found in (hady wet places. 5. The thin leaved forked lichenajlrum with round hairy capfules. This grows in tufts, and is in fome degree ereft. It is found not unfrequently at the dumps of trees and on rocks, and flowers early in fpring. 6. The little lichenajlrum, with round, black and (hining heads growing out of fmall cups. This is a very elegant fpecies, the leaves are lightly finuated, and have little cups, in many places, out of which grow the heads. It is found in wet (hady places. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 519.

The third order of the lichenajlra comprehends a few fpecies, of which the author was lefs perfeftly informed than of the reft, not having feen their heads, or abfolutely depending on the accounts of them. Thefe are, 1. The narrow floating forked lichenajlrum. This always grows in (landing waters, and fometimes floats on the furface, fometimes finks deeper.

2. The lichenajlrum, called by authors the branched and leafy marfti ulva. This fomewhat refembles the ambrofia lichenajlrum, but is longer and more branched. 3. The li- chenajlrum, called by lyticheli jungermannia, with branched ftalks and flatted (hoots, and hairy oval imbricated leaves laid in a double feries. 4. The jungirmannia with a fimple dalk, and leaves loofely imbricated, of an obtufely oval figure, and reflefted at the edges. Thefe two are men- tioned by Linnaus In his flora laponica. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 515.

LICHENOIDES, in botany, the name of a genus of modes, the charafters of which are thefe. They are compofed of parts of different figure and ftrufture, not fimple and uni- form as the byfli ; they have ufually no dalk, but grow on the branches of trees, on ftones, and other bodies, either IS L- in