Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/993

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LEVATOR ani parvus, in anatomy, a name given by Rio- lanus, Douglafs, and others, to a mufcle, called alfo by fome tranfuerfalis penis and tranfuerfalis urethra, and by Albinus tranfverfus perinai. Levator ani fextus, in anatomy, a name given by Rio- lanus and fome others, to what was fuppofed by them to be a diftinct mufcle; though, according to the later writers, it proves to be only a part of the fphincter of the anus run- ning into the perinseum. Some have alfo called this procefs of the fphincter the dilatator urethra; and dilatator penis. Levator coccygis, in anatomy, a name given by many to the mufcle, now generally known by the name of coccygaius. See CoccygjeuS. Levatores brevities coflarum, in anatomy, the modern name introduced by Albinus for certain mufcles of the ribs, called by others the fupracoflales, the fur coftaux of the French, and the fcaleni quarti by fome. Steno was the firft who called them levatores coflarum, from their office ; he is followed in this by Morgagni, and Albinus adding the word hreviores, by way of ^iftinction from fome other longer ones, called fupracoflales longi by authors, has formed the modern name. Levator tnternus, in anatomy, a name given by Douglafs, and fome others, to a mufcle, now generally called only the levator am. Levator labii fuperioris, in anatomy, a name given by Albinus to a mufcle, called by Santorini and W inflow the inciforius, and by Cowper the elevator labii fuperioris, and by Spigelius alas nafi abdticens. Levator mentis in anatomy, a name given by Albinus to a mufcle of the face, called by Cowper and others elevator labii inferiorisj and by fome the incifivus inferior. See the article Incisivus and Elevator. Levator palpebral fuperioris, in anatomy, a name given by Albinus to a mufcle of the face, called by Cowper, Douglafs, and the generality of writers, apcriens palpebram, and aperiens palpebram rcclus. Levator proflatm, in anatomy, a name given by San- torini, and fome others, to a mufcle, called by Winflow, proflaticus fuperior, and by Albinus comprefjbr pr oft at a. Levator fcapulee proprior, in anatomy, a long and pretty thick mufcle, about two fingers in breadth, lying above the fuperior angle of thefcapula, along the pofterior lateral part of the back of that bone. It is inferted above, in the extre- mities of the tranfverfe apophyfes of the four firff vertebras of the neck by four flefhy branches, ending in fhort ten- dons. Sometimes the fecond, fometimes the third, or both ; and fometimes the third of thefe branches is wanting, thefe defects being made up by the largenefs of the reft : from thence thefe branches run down a little obliquely, and then uniting together, they are inferted in the fuperior angle of the fcapula, and in the edge of its bafis from thence to the fmall triangular fpace, being there covered a little by the rhomboides. This mufcle is eafily divided into two through its whole length. It is covered by the trapezius, and its infertions in the neck are fometimes mixed with thofe of the neighbouring mufcles. LEUCACHATES, in the natural hiftory of the antients, the name of an agate, but that not a peculiar fpecies, but only a particular appearance of the lead coloured agate, called phafl f achates. Hill's Hiftof Foil", p. 478. See Ph ass achates. LEUCACANTHA, in botany, a name ufed by Diofcorides and the other Greek writers for the acacia tree, which pro- duces the gum arabic, but it was alfo ufed for a kind of prickly plant, called alfo amgaila by fome of the Arabians as being a plant whofe roots were knotted and jointed. Thefe joints were feparated and dried, and then ufed in me- dicine as cordiacs and carminatives, under the names of bunk or bunken. They were of a very agreeable aromatic fmell, and very little tafte ; and the antients always pre- ferred fucfi of them as were yellow and light, rejecting thofe which were heavy and white, and which wanted fmell. It is not well known at this time what thefe roots were ; but it is neceffary, in order to the right underftand- ing the works of the antients, to know that there were fuch roots ; and that though called by the fame name with the gum arabic tree, they were of a very different nature. The calling them leucacaniha and acantha arabica, two com- mon names for that tree, feems to have led others into the fuppofing them the fame with that tree or its roots ; and all the names of that tree have at one time or other been given to thefe roots ; and all the names of thefe roots, or of the plant to which they belong, have been given to the acacia tree ; fo that in leading either the Greek or Arabian authors, where any of thefe words occur, the fenfe of the context only can explain whether the acacia tree, or the bunken plant be meant by them. See Amgaila and Bunk. LEUCANTHEMUM, the great daify, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the flowers and feeds of which are wholly the fame with thofe of the chryfanthemum or corn- marygold, except that the petals which compofe the outer circle of the flower in this genus are always white. The fpecies of leucanthemum, enumerated by Mr. Tourne- fort, are thefe. 1. The common leucanthemum^ or common Suppl. Vol. I.

great daify. 2. The common great daify With hairy ftalks, 3. The great alpine leucantbemum with rigid leaves. 4. The great mountain leucanthemum with fharp pointed leaves.

5. The mountain leucanthemum with obtufe crenated leaves.

6. The leucanthemum with broad fcrrated leaves, and creeping roots. 7. The Ieffer mountain leucanthemum.

8. The mountain leucanthemum with corn-marygold leaves.

9. The graffy leaved leucanthemum. 10. The broad leaved great flowered leucanthemum. 1 1. The Alpine leucanthemum with coronopus leaves. 12. The alpine leucanthemum with very deeply divided leaves, 13. The little pyrenean leu- canthemum with divided and hairy leaves. 14. The Portu- gal leucanthemum with jagged filvery leaves. 15. The Ca- nary leucanthemum with corn-marygold leaves, and the tafte of pyrethrum. Tourn. Inft. p. 492.

For the characters and different fpecies of the common daify. Seethe article Beliis.

LEUCELECTRUM, a name given by fome authors to that fort of amber, which is white and opake, and ufually of a fatty look. See Succinum.

LEUCISCUS, in zoology, the fifh commonly known in England by the name of the dace or dare. It is diftinguifhed from other fifhes by its refembling the chub in fize, but that it is fmaller and whiter, and has a fmaller head in proportion to its body. Its head is lefs flatted alfo, and its tail more forked, and its body thinner and flatter than that of the chub, but longer and narrower than that of the roach. It has no teeth in its jaws, but like the reft of the leather mouthed fifhes has them in the throat. It is very common in our rivers, and is a remarkably lively fifh. They fpawn in February, and the males at that time are fpotted and fcabby, as in the rudd, &c. and are in higheft feafon for the table in April and May, but they are never a very well tafted fifh, or much efteemed. See Dace,

LEUCOCROTTA, in natural hiftory, the name given by many authors to a beaft, fuppofed to be the fv/ifteft of all creatures in the world: others have called it leucrocotta, but the true name is leocrocctta. See Leocrocotta.

LEUCODENDROS, in botany, a name given to the fiver pine-tree. See fiver PiNE-frw.

LEUCOG./EA, in natural hiftory, a name by which fome authors have called the fubftance more ufually known by the name of morochthus, and called in Englifh, French chalk, or Brianfon chalk. Hill's Hift. of FoJfils, p. 22. See the article Morochthus.

LEUCOGRAPHIS, in natural hiftory, the name ufed by fome of the antient writers, for the fubftance commonly called morochthus, or French chalk. Hill's Hift. of Foflils, p. 22. See Morochthus.

LEUCOIUM, wall-flower, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower confifts of four leaves, and is of the cruciform kind. The piftil arifes from the cup, and ripens into a long flatted pod, which is divided by an intermediate membrane into two cells, and contains a number of flattifh rounded and margi- nated feeds.

The fpecies of leucoium, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The great white leucoium. 2. The great white or hoary leucoium with greyifh flowers. 3. The common purple leucoium. 4. The great fcarlet flowered, hoary leaved leucoium. 5. The violet flowered leucoium. 6. The purplifh red flowered leucoium. 7. The Ieffer hoary leucoium.

8. The great hoary leucoium with double red flowers.

9. The great hoary leucoium with double purple flowers,

10. The great hoary leucoium with double Mueifh purple flowers. 11. The great hoary leucoium with double white flowers. 12. The great hoary leucoium with a flower va- riegated with irregular ftreaks. 13. The great hoary leu- coium with purple fpotted flowers. 14. The great hoary leucoium with double variegated flowers. 15. The great purple flowered leucoium with blood coloured fpots. 16. The great hoary double flowered variegated leucoium with leaves edged with filver. 17. The great double white leucoium with purple fpots in the flowers. 18. The great double white leucoium with blood coloured fpots in the flower. 19. The green leaved fweet fecnted white flowered leu- coium. 20. The great white fpring flowering perennial leucoium. 21. The hefperis leaved leucoium. 22. The little fprino- fea rocket leaved leucoium with white flowers. 23. The fea leucoium with finuated leaves. 24. The white fea leucoium. 25. The great yellow leucoium with bullated leaves. 26. The large flowered yellow leucoium. 27. The large flowered yellow leucoium with ferrated leaves. 28. The common yellow leucoium or wall-flower. 29. The great double yellow leucoium. 30. The Ieffer double yel- low leucoium. 31. The double yellow leucoium with ex- panded flowers. 32. The double ferrugincous flowered leucoium. 33. The great double leucoium with flowers va- riegated with purple and yellow ; and 34. The nar- row leaved alpine leucoium with brimftone coloured flow- ers,

Several fpecies of this plant are propagated in gardens for the beauty of their flowers, where they are commonly called flock July flowers,

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