Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/98

 A L I

A L I

Mem. de Trev. 1715. p. 397. Bibl. Angl, T. 3. p< 155. & 356-

The Perfian emperors of the family of Soplii, pretend to be

the direil defcendants from Ali ; but the defcent is very darkly

made out. Bibl. Raif. T. 2. p. 397.

The diftinguifhing badge of the followers of Ali, is a red

turban, which is worn by the Perfians, who are hence called

in derifion, by the Turks, Ktftlbachi, q. d. red heads. Mem.

de Trev. I 7 1 5- P- 386.

Mi is reputed the author of divers works, particularly a Cen-

tiloquium, in great repute among the Arabs and Perfians ;

part of which has been publifhed in Englifh by Mr. Ockley.

V. Bibl. Angl. T. 1. p. 349. feq.

ALJAMEIA, is a name which the Morifcocs in Spain give to the language of the Spaniards.

Among other articles agreed on by the junto, which was ap- pointed by the emperor Charles V. in 1526, in favour of the Morifcoes, this was one, That the Morifcoes mould no longer fpeak Algavareia, i. e. Moorifh, or Arabic, but fhould all fpeak Aljameia, i. e. Spanifh, as it was called by the Moors, and all their writings and contrails fhould be in that language. Geddes, Mifc. Trail. T. 1. p. 23.

ALIARBUCHA, in natural hiftory, the Arabian name for a large kind of rat, common in that country, and good to eat, according to Bochart, who thinks it the fame as the Schaphan, mentioned in Leviticus, and there declared unclean. Levit, xi. 5. See Choerogryllus.

ALICA, in the antient phyfic and diet, a kind of food, but the various accounts given of it by authors, make it uncer- tain what it was ; fome reprefentmg it as a fort of grain, and others as an aliment made of grain.

The Greek word for Alice was ^?«? s which term, and •arlnnra.)^ feem to have been general names for all fpelt or hulled grain, beaten or ground into a pulp. The author of the Geoponics, dedicated to Conflantine, gives another me- thod of preparing the Alice, viz. by Sleeping barley in hot water, then preffing it, mixing it with gypfe and a white fand, and laftly fifting it. The falubrity of which prepara-

, tion will bear fome doubt, on account of the noxious qua- lity of the gypfe. Such is the Alica reprefented to be by Foefius. It was ufed as a food in feveral difeafes, not unlike our water-gruel. Plin. Hift. Nat. T. 2. I. 18. c. 11. & 17. It. T. 2. 1. 22. c. 25. p. 286. Caftel. Lex. Med. p. 31. feq. Vojf. Etym. p. 28. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 511, feq. in

VOC. %&$§(•$.

Galen and Oribafius make the Mica a kind of wheat. Pliny is not confident with himfelf, making it in one place a natural feed, as lentils, &c. and in another fomething factitious. Ray, in his hiftory, fays the Mica differs from the x^k ^ as the genus from the fpecies,

ALICES, in medicine, fpots preceding the fmall-pox. Cajlel. Lex. Med. p. 32.

AL1CULA, in antiquity, a kind of puerile habit worn by the Roman children. V. Pitifc. in voc. Vojf. Etymol. The Alicula was a fort of chlamys ; fome explained it by tu- nica manic-eta,

ALIDES, in the Mahometan hiftory, the defcendants of Mi, otherwife called Fatimites.

The Alicia had a long flruggle with the Ommiades, for the kaliphate, or fucceflion of Mahomet j which is the Maho- metan papacy. See A1.1.

ALJEMBUT, or, as fome write it, Gembut, a name given by the Arabians, Avifenna, and others, to a fpecies of acacia, which they alfo called the Nabathaean pod, and ceration, or filiqua, and which fome have fuppofed to be the fame with the common carob ; but they exprefly diftinguifh it, by faying, that it is an aftringent ; whereas the other is gently purgative, and that the fruit of it was given in hemorrhages. Nay, Ifidore goes fo far as to fay, that the acacia juice of the fhops was made of its fruit, while unripe. Avifenna.

ALIEN (Cycl.) — A great queftion arofe in king James the firft's time, Whether the pojl nat't, i. e. thofe born in the liegance of Scotland, after the acceffion of that prince to the Englifh throne, were Miens, or denizens ? The king, by procla- mation, pronounced them all, ipfo facia, naturalized by his acceffion. Ellefmere, Cafe of Poft Nati, p. 5. feq. Vid. King James's Speech to Parliament, March 1607. See aho Cofa's Reports, Calvin's Cafe.

It has been much controverted, whether the law which ex- cludes foreigners from inheriting, extends to the right of fuc- ceflion to the crown ? This was one of the difficulties ftarted againll the right of Mary queen of Scots to the Englifh fuc- • ceffion. The advocates for that princefs infill, that the in- heritance of the crown is excepted from the general law. In effect, the infantes du roy have a particular exception in their Lvour, in the very time of the ftatute, de natis ultra mare. Leiccjl. Commonw. p. 127. feq.

, Ahens are ufually divided by our lawyers into friends and enemies ; to which fome add a third kind, viz. Alien in- fidels.

Alien is fometimes ufed, In middle age writers, for exempt. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. i 3+ 7

AiiEN-amy denotes a foreigner the fubject of fome prince in irK'ndfhip with us.

Aliens duly, an impofl laid oh all goods imported into Eng- land by Aliens, or denizens, and even on certain goods im- ported by natural fubjects, if they be brought on foreign bot- toms, over and above what is paid for the fame goods im- ported by Britiih, and in Britifh {hipping. 12 Stat. Car. II. Crouch, View of Cuff. p. 6.

Aliens duty is otherwife called petty cujlcms, 3nd navigation duty.

tiih dried, or falted, and codfifli, or herring not caught in Britifh vefTels, and cured by Britifh, pay a double Aliens duty. Crouch, lib. cit. p. 7.

Alien priories were a kind of cells to great abbies abroad, chiefly in Normandy, &c. endowed by Englifhmcn, who being fmitten with devotion for fome outhndifh faint, or fhrine, made donations to them of lands, tithes, churches, &c. upon which monafteries were creeled, and peopled chiefly by colonies of foreign monks from the mother abby, governed by the abbot thereof; fo that neither a prior, nor a monk, could be made without his confent. Upon breaking out of wars, the king ufually feized on the Alien priories, took their lands into his own hands, and frequently let them out to farm to the religious, for a certain rent. The number of Alien priories in England was very great, Mofl of the Cluniac monafteries belonged to this clafs. — They were fometimes naturalized, and cut off from their foreign dependance, by the king's patents. A large number of them were fuppreffed, in 1414, by the parliament at Leicefler, under Henry V. what remained fell with the firft, at the general diflblution. * Vid. Dugd. Monaft. Abr. p. 44. It. p. 69. It. p. 119. Steph, Supp. to Dugd. T. 2. p. 12. feq. It. p. 231. Bibl. Anc. Mod. T. 1. p. 303.

ALIENATION (Cycl.)— By the laws of the antient Jews, lands could only be alienated for the fpace of fifty years. At each return of the jubilee, all returned again to the primitive owners, or their defcendants, to whom the lands were originally allotted, at the firft diflribution of Canaan. Cuneuf. de Republ. Jud. ap. Mem. de Trev. 1717. p. 212.

By the ftatute of Edward I. a bar was put to Alienations, by what we call entails, which is an expedient for procuring perpetuities in families ; but a counter expedient was deviled, by the judges, to defeat the intent of it, called a recovery, whereby the entails are cutoff. See Perpetuity, En- tail, Recovery, &c. Cycl

The kingdom of England was, by king John, alienated and conveyed to the pope ; but the Alienation was afterwards de- clared null by parliament, becaufc done without parliamentary confent a. — The crown of Scotland was alienated by king Baliol to Edward the firft, for a fum of money; but the Scots reclaimed againft the fame, partly as tranfa&ed without their privity, but more as denying that prince's title b .— ■ [* Vid. Mem. Liter, de la Gr. Bret. T. 7. p. 125. h V. Bibl, Choif. T. 23. p. 307. J

The Alienation of things facred to profane ufes, is, in fome cafes, lawful ; e. gr. where it is done by authority of the fovereign, and for fome good purpofe of the ftate ; and where it conduces to the putting a period to a war, or the like.

Juftinian allows of felling or pledging the facred veffels for the redemption of captives ; and even, in cafe of a fuper- fluity of fuch utenfils, permits the felling thein to pay the debts of the church. The heathens did not difpute the fo- vereign's right to difpofe of confecrated things. There is nothing, fays Plutarch, more facred than offerings dedi- cated to the gods, and yet no body ever faid but that the people might make ufe of them, and remove them from one place to another, as often as they thought convenient. To the like purpofe, Seneca obferves, that temples them- felves are fometimes Stripped for the benefit of the ftate, pro republka plerumque temple nudantur. Divers other testimo- nies, of the fame kind, are produced by Grotius c. What has been faid concerning the profaning of facred things, will hold flill more ftrongly concerning the fecularizing of eccle- fiaftical things ; fince thefe latter are not properly confe- crated, and confequently are not jure divino. Church goods are only feparated from the ordinary commerce of the world, in quality of public goods, and as belonging to the church, which makes part of the ftate : much after the fame manner, as fecular goods belonging to the public, may not be alienated and employed for private ufes ri — [ c Grotius, de Jur. Bell. 1- 3- c - 5- §■ *■ n - 3- d Coccei, de Evocat. Sacror. p. 43. feq. Bibl. Germ. T. 1. p. 75. feq.]

This point was largely difcufled in the debates about the peace of Ofnaburgh ; where the court of Rome moved heaven and earth to prevent the Alienation of the revenues of divers biflioprics, abbies, &c. from the church, but in vain. The Alienations of church lands at the reformation, was of vaft benefit to this nation. Upon the acceffion of queen Mary, the priefts flattered themfclves with the hopes of a reflitution of thofe lands j efpecially when cardinal Pool was fent legat, to negotiate the reftoration of papal power. The parliament, indeed, palled a bill in favour of that power, but inferted a claufe in it, that the Alienations of church goods fhould be all ratified, and that the poffefTors fhould