Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/961

 .KID

large purple flower. 26. The perennial iettnta of Sicily, with perfumed deeply ferrated leaves. 27. The common bladder ketmia, commonly called the bladder aha. 28. The African bladder ketmia. 29. The purple flowered fhrubby American ketmia, with leaves like thofe of the mulberry. 30. The various flowered American ketmia, with large heart fafhioned leaves. 31. The large angular leaved American ketmia, with a rough clypeate fruit. Tournefert. There are a great many different fpecies of this plant pro- pagated in gardens, where moft of them grow to be fhrubs of fix or feven feet high ; and, in the time of their flower- ing, which is during a great part of the latter end of the fiimmer, they make a very beautiful figure. They may all be propagated by fowing their feeds in February or March on a bed of light earth : they muft be fuffered to remain in thefe beds till the following fpring, being well weeded, and often watered in the fummer. In the March following the plants are to be tranfplanted into beds of the fame fort of earth, fetting them at about ten inches diftance every way ; •here they are to remain two years more, being well weeded and watered in the time ; and in the March following they fhould be carefully removed to the places where they are to remain. They muft be taken up carefully, without injuring the roots; the ground muft be well watered where they are planted, and fome muck fhould be laid about their roots, to prevent the ground's drying too faft.

. Some choofe to propagate them by fuckers from the old roots, but this is by no means advifeable, as the plants this way raifed are never fo well rooted, and are always fubjecf to produce great numbers of fuckers themfelves, which ren- der them very unfightly. Miller's Gardners Diet.

KETRAN, Kitran, or Alketran,- a name given by fome of the Arabian authors to the oil of cedar, called by the Greeks csdria. We have of later times formed the word cedranum upon this, and it has fince been applied to the zopilTa of the antients, a compound made of pitch and wax melted together, and ufed for the covering the bottoms of Ihips.

KETTLE, in the art of war, a term the Dutch give to a . battery of mortars, becaufe it is funk under ground.

KtTTLE-drums are formed of two large bafins of copper or brafs, rounded at the bottom, and covered over with vel- lum or goat-fkin, which is kept faft by a circle of iron, and feveral holes faftened to the body of the drum, and a like number of fcrews to fcrew up and down, with a key for the purpofe. The two drums are kept faft together by two ftraps of leather, which go through two rings, and are faftened, the one before and the other behind the pom-

. mel of the kettle drummer's faddle. They have each a ban- ner of filk or damafk, richly embroidered with the fove- reign'sarms, or thofe of the colonel, and are fringed with frlver or gold j and to preferve them in bad weather, they have each a cover of leather. The drum-fticks are of crab- tree or other hard wood, of eight or nine inches long, with two knobs on the ends, which beat the drum head and caufe the found. The kettle-drum with trumpets is the moft mar- tial found of any ; each regiment of horfe has a pair.

K.ETTLS.*drummer, a man on horfeback appointed to beat the kettle-drums, from which he takes his name. He marches always at the head of the fquadron, and his poft is on the right when the fquadron is drawn up.

KEVELS, or Chevils, in a fhip, are fmall pieces of timber nailed to the infide of a fhip, unto which the tacks and fheets are belayed c>r faftened.

KEY (Cycl.) — Key-;/?*;, in an arch, is the ftone placed at the top or vertex of an arch, to bind the fweeps of the arch together.

KEYRI, in botany, a name ufed by fome for the common wall flower. Park. Theat. 625.

KIBRIC, a word ufed by fome chemifts as a name for the philofopher's ftone ; others exprefs by it, what they call the parent, or firft matter of mercury, and all fufible and liqui- fiable fubftances.

KIBRITH, a word ufed by fome chemical writers as a name for fulphur. See Sulphur.

KIBRIUS, a word ufed by fome chemical writers as a name for arfenic.

KICKER again)} the /purs, in the manege. See Ramingue.

KIDDERS, thofe that badge, or carry corn, dead victuals, or other merchandife, up and down to fell ; every perfon be- ing a common badger, kidder, lader or carrier, &e. fays the ftat. 5 Eliz. c. 12. And they are called kiddiers 13 Eliz. c. 25. Blount.

KIDDLE, or Kidel, Kidellus, a dam or wear in a river, with a narrow cut in it, for the laying of pots, or other engines to catch fifh.

The word is antient, for in Magna Charta, c. 24. we read, cmnes kidclli deponantur per Tbamejiam eff Medweyam & per totam Angliam, raft per cojleram maris. And by king John's charter, power was granted to the city of London, de kidel- lis amovendis per Tbamefiam fcf Medweyam. A furvey was or- dered to be made of the wears, mills, ftanks and Udells in the great rivers of England. 1 Hen. IV. Fifhermen of late corruptly call thefe dams kituls ; and they are much Sur-pi. Vol. I.

K I L

ufed in Wales, and on the fca-coafts of Kent. Terms of law. Blount, K.IDDOW, in zoology, the moft common Englifh name of the lomwia, a webfooted bird, common on our fliores, and called in different places the g-iillemot or guillem, and the fea hen, and fkout. See Lomwia. KIDNEY (t>/.)— Kidneys of fijb. Fifh of all kinds have kidneys^ but they differ extremely in the feveral genera* All the cetaceous fifties, and many of the cartilaginous kinds have two kidneys, as quadrupeds have. In moft of the fpi- nofe kinds, they are found concreted into one. In the fpi- nofe fifties they are oblong and extended throughout the whole length of the abdomen. In the cetaceous fifties they are of a roundifti oblong figure as in quadrupeds ; and as to their filiation, the fpinofe fifh in general have them extend- ed all along the back bone, and the cetaceous kinds are on the. contrary in the lower part of the belly : they are very long and large in the fpinofe kinds, and very fmall and ftiort in the cetaceous. The urinary bladder is generally fituated in the lower part of the abdomen in thefe creatures, and often lies upon the rectum. There are generally two ureters by which the urine is fecreted from the kidneys into it : but the urethra through which the urine is to be difcharged from the bladder, is lefs obvious in the fpinofe fifties. In the ceta- ceous kinds, it is plainly to be followed either into the vul- va, ox foramen feminis. Artedl. Ichthyolog. KiDUEY-Beans, in botany. Sec Phaseolus. KIGGELARIA, in botany, the name given by Linnaeus to a genus of ftirubs, fuppofed from fome faint refemblance in the external figure to be a kind of bay, and defcribed by Sterbius under the name of kuri fpecies. The characters of the genus are thefe. It produces feparate male and female flowers. The male flower has for its cup, a hollow one leaved perianthium, divided into five oval and pointed feg- ments, which are concave. The flower confifts of five hollow lanceolated petals, which are a little longer than the cup, and form with it a figure like that of a fort of pitcher. The nedtaria are five obtufely trilobate glandules, the mid- dle lobe being longer than the reft ; they are coloured, and grow one to each petal near its bafe. The ftamma are ten extremely fmall filaments, the antheras are oblong, but fhorter than the cup j and their tops burft open with two holes in the female flower. The cup and petals are the fame as in the male. The germen of the piftil is roundifti, and the ftiles are five in number of a iiniplc figure, and the ftigmata are obtufe. The fruit is a round and rough coria- cious capfule, containing one cell and made up of five valves. The feeds are very numerous, they are of a roundifti figure, and each inverted in its own peculiar membrane within the', capfule. Linnal Gen. PI. p. 483. Sterb. p. 12. KIJON, in antiquity, a name fur Saturn, according to Sal-

mafius and Kircher. See Chiun. KILCH, in zoology, a name ufed by fome for a fpecies of fifh of the albula kind, caught in the lakes of Germany, of a fine firm flefli and delicate flavour, and feems very little if at all different from the ferra. Gefner, de Pifc. p. 1107. See the article Ferra. KILLAS, in natural hiftory, a name given by the people who dig in the mines of Cornwal, to a kind of greyifh. white earth, which is of great hardnefs, and feems to approach very much to the nature of the ludus Helmontii of fome kinds, only that it is fomewhatlefs hard than that, and has nothing of the fepta or partitions, that make the character of that foffi). This earth contains fo great a quantity of fpar, that it fer- ments with acids very ftrongly, though that fpar being once diflblved, and the earthy part of the fubftance only left, it will no longer ferment with thefe menftruums j whence it is evident, that its terreftrial matter is not alkaline, though the fpar it contains is fo.

This is the certain character of what is called killas In many parts of Cornwal, where it lies in ftrata of two, three, or more feet thick, and often befide this is laid on each fide of the vein of tin or other ore. But in fome other parts of England the miners ufe the fame word to exprefs a kind of white brittle and fhattery ftone, fomewhat like the flag ftone with which they cover houfes in Northamptonshire, and many other counties. Villas is alfo ufed as the name of a flaty ftone of various colours, fpangled all over with talc in fmall flakes in the place where they ufe it. In this fenfe, they generally exprefs themfelves, when talking of the earth defcribed above, by the phrafe white killas. They alfo fometimes call this flaky ftone by the name Delvin. KILLKENNY Marble, a fine black marble full of fhells, and coralloide bodies, and much ufed in chimney pieces, tiff. See Coralloide Marble. KILLOW, or Cullow, an Englifh name for a black earth of a very remarkable ftruflure, fceming of a mixed nature between the marbles, ochres, and clays, and ufually con- taining a large quantity of the matter of the common vitri- olic pyrites or ink ftone, which gives it a, very ftiarp un- pleafant tafte, and makes it, when thrown on the fire, emit a flight blue flame of a fulphureous fmell, and calcined to a deep red. It is common in many parts of England, Wales, 15 B anrf