Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/944

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IPECATI Apoa-i in zoology, the name of a Brafilian fpecies of duck, called paia by the Portuguefe - t the word in that lan- guage exprefling goofe. It is nearly of the fize of the goofe, but is exactly of the fhape and figure of the common duck. The head, neck, belly, and lower part of the tail, are white, and the back, wings, and top of the head, of the fine green colour of the necks of our drakes ; and its belly has fome few black variegations. And over the origin of the beak there is a flefhy tubercle, which is black, variegated with white fpecks. Its legs and feet are of a brownifh grey. The male feems to be diftinguifhed from the female, in this fpecies, by its having fome long feathers of its wings of a fhining brown. It is very common in the Brazilian rivers, and is flefhy and well tafted. Marggrave, Hift. Braf. IPEGA Guac a, in zoology* the name of a Brafilian fpecies of duck. It is of a middle fize between the duck and goofe, and is kept tame there for breeding and eating. It is a very beautiful colour'd bird* It has a very elegant red fpot on the middle of its head. Its whole upper part is of a very beauti- ful white like the fwan. Its legs and feet are yellow. It will fatten as well on dry land as when it has the ufe of wa- ter, and lays a vaft number of eggs. Pifo, Hift. Brafil. IPECU, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird of the wood- pecker kind, called by Mr. Ray, plots varius Brafilienfts. It is of the fize of a common pigeon. Its head is of a very gay and beautiful red, and has a very beautiful cfeft of feathers of the fame colour on it. Its neck is black, but has a very broad white line on each fide. Its wings are black on the outfide, and red within. Its tail is black j and its belly and thighs are mottled with black and white. Its beak is ftrait, and very hard and fharp, and it pierces the bark and wood of trees with it, in the fame manner as the European kinds. Marggrave, Hift. Braf.. IPERAQUIBA, in zoology, a name by which fome have cal- led the remora, or fucking fifh, called alfo by the Portuguefe, plexe pogador, and piexe pioltho. Ibid. p. 117. IPPOSELINUM, or Hipposelinum, in botany, a name given by the antients to the plant from the roots of which the fineft myrrh was obtained by incifion. Some alfo have cal- led this plant fmyrnium ; but it is evident, that it could not be the fame with the Hippofelinum or fmyrnium of our au- thors, which is the herb Alexanders, iince the juices of this plant have no relemblance to myrrh. Diofcorides calls the plant fmyrna, and diftinguifhes it from the fmyrnium of thofe times j but others have made the fmyrna and fmyrnium the fame. IRACUNDUS Mufculus, in anatomy, a name given by fome authors to one of the mufcles of the eye, called alfo the reffus exterior and abducens. It is one of the quatuor re£ii oculi of Albinus, and is called by him and Douglafs, as well as many others, the abduffor. See the article Abductor, Cyd. and Suppl. IRINGIUM, a name given by fome of the old writers on the materia medica, to a root called fecacul by the Arabians, and which, from the fimilitude of the Latin name with the word eryngium, many have fuppofed to be the fame root which was well known to the Greeks and Romans in medi- cine, and ftill is m great repute with us on the fame occa- fions. The interpreters of Avifenna and Serapion always ren- der the word fecacul by Iringium, never by eryngium ; and, according to their accounts, it was a root much refembling ginger in fhape, and was brought from the Eaft Indies, and fuppofed to have the virtue of promoting venery. We at this time efteem the eryngium a provocative, and it is kept candied, and eaten for that purpofe : But this, probably, is only an error founded on our fuppofing it the fame with the Iringium of the Arabians ; for Diofcorides, who gives a full account of the virtues of his eryngium, which is the fame with ours, fays nothing of its pofleffing any fuch quality; and the Greeks, at his time, were as famous for finding out the virtues of plants in this refpect, as the eaftern nations are at prefent, tho' not quite fo credulous. It is poffible that the Iringium may be the fame with the ginging or ginfeng, fo famous in the Eaft at this time for the fame virtues. See the article Ginseng. IRIS {Cyd.) — When the aqueous humour o£ the eye is eva- cuated at a wound or ulcer of the cornea, there is danger of the Iris growing to it. To prevent this, the patient is°to be expofed to the light from time to time, till the cornea is again ra'ifed by the aqueous humour. The light occafions a motion in the Iris, which may prevent its adhefion. Demours, ap Med. Eft. Abr. V. 2. p. 508. Ieis, the flower de luce, in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, a diftmdt genus of plants, under which that author comprehends the Iris, the xyphion, the fifyrinchium, and hermodadtylus of Tournefort, as all plants of the fame genus, the chara cters of which are ; that there is no flower cup, but fome fingle fpathse interwoven with one another, imbricated, di- viding the flowers from one another, and remaining after the flowers are fallen off. The flower is divided into fix parts ; the petals are long, and obtufe ; the three exterior ones are bent back ; the three interior are erect and acute, and the whole number joined at their lower ends. The ftamina are

three pointed filaments lying on the bent petals ; and the an- theras are oblong, ftrait, and deprelTed. The germen of the piftillum is oblong, and is placed below the receptacle. The ftyle is fingle, and very fhort. The ftigma very large, and divided into three parts ; the fegments, which refemble io many petals of a flower, are broad, and bent back, and prcfi upon both the petala and ftamina ; the extremities of thefe are bifid. The fruit is an oblong angular capfule, with three cells and three valves. The feeds are many in number, and very large. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 9. In fome of the plants of this genus the capfule is trigonal, in others hexangular. Liwiai Gen. Plant, p. n. The characters of Iris, according to Tournefort, are thefe : The flower is liliaceous, confuting of one leaf, and being of a tubular fhape at the bottom : Hence it is expanded and en- larged, and forms fix parts, three of which point upwards, and three downwards. The piftil arifes from the bottom of the flower, and is furnifhed with three petals, which are arched, and fo bent down upon the reflex leaves of the flower, that they refemble a fort of palate. The flower-cup finaJly becomes an oblong fruit, which opens into three parts at the end, and is feen to be divided into three cells, which contain roundiih and fometimes flattifti feeds. To this it is to be added, that the root is flefhy, oblong, and of the creeping kind, and not covered with coats.

The fpecies of Iris, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common wild or German Iris. 2. The com- mon garden broad-leav'd Iris, with purplifh blue flowers. 3. The garden Iris, with pale blue flowers. 4. The little pale blue-flower'd garden Iris, with a white covering. 5. The white German garden Iris. 6. The white Florentine Iris. 7. The common Illyrian Iris. 8. The very large-flower'd black and white Iris. 9. The little broad-leav'd Iris, with white flowers and blue edges. 10. The little broad-leav'd Iris, with white flowers, and pale purple edges. 11. The many- flower'd blue Afian Iris. 12. The purple Afian Iris, 13. The reddifh flower'd fcentlefs Iris. 14. The Iris with the fmell of the oxycantha. 15. The great broad-leav'd Roman blue Iris. 16. The great Dalmatian Iris, with a pale violet-colour'd flower. 17. The bluifh purple Conftan- tinople Iris. 18. The many flower'd blue Damafcus Iris. 19. The broad-leav'd fweet-fcented German Iris. 20. The broad-leav'd German Iris, with the fmell of elder flowers. 21. The broad-leav'd German Iris, with deep yellow flowers. 22. The broad-leav'd German 7m, with white and purple flowers. 23. The broad-leav'd Iris, with the fmell of the oxycantha. 24. The broad-leav'd Pannonian, Iris, with double flowers. 25. The broad-leav'd Iris, with green and white flowers. 26. The broad-leav'd Iris, with naked ftalks. 27. The broad-leav'd Iris, with white flowers, ftreaked with red. 28. The broad-leav'd Dutch Iris, with the fmell of elder. 29. The variegated broad- leav'd elder-fccnted Iris. 30. The greater purple- flower'd broad-leav'd Iris, with the elder fcent. 31. The broad- leav'd Iris* with whitifh ftriatcd flowers. 32. The low broad-leav'd purple Iris. 33. The two-flower'd Iris, with fmall flowers, fmelling like lilly of the valley. 34. The great-flower' d Illyrian Iris. 35. The fmall Dalmatian, Iris, with pale purple flowers. 36. -The yellow-flower '4 garden Iris. 37. The variegated yellow garden Iris. 38. The yellow-flower'd Tripoli Iris, with extremely long leaves. 39, The common wild marfh Iris, with yellow flowers, called the yellow flag-flower. 40. The wild yellow flag-flower, with fhorter and bluifh green leaves. 41. The pale wild yellow Iris. 42. The wild ftinking Lit, called xyris, and ftinking glad-win. 43. The narrow-leav'd mea- dow ftinking Iris, or gladwin. 44. The taller narrow- leav'd not ftinking Iris. 45. The lower narrow-leav'd meadow Iris. 46. The narrow-leav'd fea Iris. 47. The lefler narrow-leav'd fea Iris. 48. The narrow-leav'd garden Iris, with changeable colour'd flowers. 49. The narrow- leav'd garden Iris, with whitifh flowers, marked with ftreaks of red. 50. The narrow-leav'd Iris, with two colour'd flowers. 5r. The greater narrow-leav'd Iris, with the fmell of a plum. 52. The lefler narrow-leav'd Iris, with the plum fmell. 53. The two-flower'd dwarf Iris, with large deep purple flowers. 54. The low Iris, with blackifh purple flowers. 55. The low Iris, with variegated flowers. 56. The low Iris, with a blackifh purple flower. 57. The low Iris, with plain purple flowers. 58. The low Iris, with white flowers, and ftreaks and edges of blue, 59. The low Pyrenean Iris, with greenifh yellow expanded leaves. 60. The low Pyrenean Iris, with green expanded leaves, va- riegated with blue. 61. The little low Iris, with a bluifh purple flower. 62. The low Iris, with red flowers. 63. The low dwarf Iris, with varioufly painted flowers. 64, The low Iris, with purple and yellow flowers. 65. The low Iris, with pale and whitifh flowers. 66. The lefler dwarf Iris, with variegated flowers. 67. The lefler Iris, with white flowers. 68. The dwarf Iris, with yellow flowers. 69. The dwarf Iris, with dufky yellow flowers. 70. The low Iris, with pale yellow flowers. 71. The low Iris, with white flowers, variegated with veins of many colours. 72.

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