Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/926

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fault, without fear of being enfiladed, fince the defences are

ruined.

INDEX (W-Wx { ptSA } °f C ™ tU "-

See the article Variation of Curvature.

INDIAN, in a general fenfe, denotes any thing belonging to the Indies, eaft or weft,

IsviAN-Bread) -% rCASSADA-Bread.

Indian-Cm**, / I Corn.

Indian-©-,/,, I SeethearticIe 1 Cress.

Indian-G««, f J Gem.

Indian-/^, 1 J Ink.

Indian-jca/, J LRed,

INDICATOR, (Cycl.) in anatomy, a name given by Albinus, and fome other authors, to a mufcle called by the generality of writers Indicts abduclor, and Extenjor Indicts.

INDICAVIT, in law, a writ or prohibition that lies for a patron of a church, whofe clerk is fued in the fpiritual court by another clerk for tythes, which do amount to a fourth part of the profits of the advowfon ; then the fuit belongs to the king's court, by the Hat. Wcftm. 2. c. 5. And the patron of the defendant being like to be prejudiced in his church and advowfon, if the plaintiff recovers in the fpiri- tual court, hath this means to remove it to the king's court. Reg. Orig. 35. Old Nat. Br. 31. Terms of Law, Blount , Cowel.

INDICTOR, in law, he that indicteth another for an offence ; and Indidee is the party who is indicted. 1 Ed. 3. c. 11.

• 21 Jac. 1. c. 8. Blount.

1NDICUM. In the writings of the antients we find this word very frequently ufed, as the name of a blue colour, or pig- ment ufed in dying, and imported to Rome, Greece, and other parts of the world from the Eaft-Indies. The greater number of writers make this the fame with our indigo, or anil fEeculfe ; and fome fay it was the fame with our woad ; but the former opinion feems moft probable. The antient Greeks fometimes wrote this (imply WVibw, Indicum, and fometimes Wixai ^Vi-, nigrum Indicuffi, or Indian black. We are not to be furprifed at this name for a blue colour, fince it is plain that the Greeks and Romans often ufed the words generally underftood to exprefs black, for a blue colour.

■ Thus Tneophraftus calls the fine deep blue fapphires, ptKcms ; and Virgil talks of the nigra viola, which is our fine deep blue violet.

Pliny however did not diftinguifh this; but finding his Greek authors, from whom he borrowed the greater part of his na- tural hiftory, fometimes fpeaking of Indicum, and fometimes of Indicum nigrum, he fuppofed the life of this epithet to de- note a different fubftance ; miftaking it for a fubftantive, and taking it to mean atr amentum, or ink. Hence he de- fcribes in two places the Indicum, and the Indicum atr amen- tum* And hence, fome have not only fuppofed two fubftan- ces to have been known to the antients under this name, but that the Indian-ink, ufed at this time by our limners and defigners, was known to Pliny. This author, according to the tradition of the times, fuppofed that the Indicum or blue colour, which came over to them in large cakes, in the manner of what our dealers in that commodity call rock blue at this time, was the mud gathered from about the roots of a kind of Indian reeds. The greater part of the au- thors of antiquity give us the fame account of it ; but this was only owing to their ignorance of its true nature. For, by their own accounts of its nature and effects, it appears plainly to have been the fame kind of tiling with our indigo, that is, the fseculaeor fubfidence of a vegetable juice. The antients were in this manner ignorant of the true hiftory of many things which they had in common ufe among them, fuch as filk, fcW, and our rock blue, which is the indigo in the firft ftate before it is formed into regular cakes, looks fo like dry'd mud that any one who examines it in that condi- tion will readily pardon the antients for fuppofing it to be fuch. Pliny gives this account of the Indicum ; but he fays, that as to the Indicum attamentum, he could no were find any account of the making it, which is not very wonderful ; fince himfelf was the firft who fuppofed that the antients from whom he expected to have taken fuch an account ever thought of any fuch fubftance feparate from the common blue indigo.

This fubftance, which the Greeks called Indicum,. the Ara- bian writers, Avifemia, Serapion, and others have called Nil. Tho' the fame word is alio fometimes ufed by them for the pigment made from woad. The author of the Periplus maris P>ythrsei mentions the common Indicum under the name of Indicum nigrum, and fays .that it was one of .thofe merchan- difes in his time bought up at fome of the markets of the favage Indians. Leo Africanus tells us, that the Indicum plant grows frequently about Dara in Africa ; and that the colour is there made from it, in the fame manner that the woad is prepared from that plant with us. Linfcot and Pa- ludanus defcribe the herb as being like rofemary; and this, tho* no exact defcription, yet conveys an idea of their having known the plant, and of what they defcribe being the fame with our anil of America, of winch we prepare indigo; that

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being a low fhrubby plant, and being ufually cut when three or four foot high, which is the common height of rofemary. It is called in fome places Gali ; and Garcias, among 0- thers, gives us this name for it j but Cluiius has much per- plexed this account, by telling us, that the gali is like the ocimum or bafil, which has not the leaft refemblance either to the plant anil or to rofemary, the other fhrub to which it was compared. Advardus Barbofa, when he enumerates all the merchandifes of the Indies, and gives their price, mentions the anil and the Indicum, as two different things ; but he allots them both exactly the fame price, and it ap- pears therefore an error to have feparated tiiem. The Ara- bians call it nil, but they alfo call the leed of a blue-flowered campanula by the fame name, which has occafioned fome errors in the tranflating thofe parts of their works, when this word occurs.

In Die us Color, a term ufed by feveral of the antient writers to exprefs black. The generality of the Greek and Roman phyficians of old times have called the black lignum aloes, Agollochum Indicum ; and the only black kind 01 myrobalan they were acquainted with was m the fame manner called the Indicum ; not that thefe were fuppofed peculiarly the pro- duct of the Indies, in diftinction from the paier lignum aloes, or the other myrobalan ; but that they were of that colour which they called Indicus Color.

INDIGNATORIUS {Cycl.)— This mufcle is called by others the reSlus exterior^ and abducens ; and by Albinus, the ab- duclor. It is one of his quatuor re£H oculi.

INDIVISUM Folium among botanifts. SeethearticIe Leaf.

INFALISTATIO, an antient punifhment of felons, by throw- ing them among the rocks and fands, cuftomarily ufed in port-towns. It is the opinion of fome writers, that Infali- jiattts did imply fome capital punifhment, by expofing the malefactor upon the lands till the next tide carried him away ; of which cuftom, 'tis faid, there is an old tradition. However the penalty feems to take its name from the Norman Falefe, or Falejia, which fignified not the fands, but the rocks and cliffs adjoining, or impending on the fea ihore. Mon. Angl. T. 2. p. 165. — Comnufit felo- niam ob qusm fuit fujpenjus, utlagaius vel alio modo morti dam- natus, &c. vel apudJJ over Int'alilbatas, apud Southampton fub- mcrfus, &c. Blount.

INFANT (CycL) — Dijlemperatures of Infants. It is to be obferved in general, that all Infants are not equally expofed to diftemperatures of many kinds, but that the children of perfons of tender conftitutions and idle lives are moft fubjecf, to them. The children of poorer people, which are ufually hardly brought up from the firft, are alfo lefs troubled with diforders, in general, than thofe which are taken more care ofi and all their lives afterwards are much abler to bear ex- ternal injuries, and are much lefs affected by them. The feveral diftempers of Infants are thefe : Immobility at the birth t called by authors Anaijlhefia. In this cafe the Infant as foon as born remains immoveable in its pofition, as if dead. It is to be brought to life and motion in this cafe, by breathing into its mouth, and burning faffron under its noftrils, letting it receive the fume of it, and fprinkling cold water or wine upon it. When the cafe is lefs violent, the Infant is often brought to itfelf by applying it immediately to the breaft and letting it fuck : And in the other cafes, this is very proper after the before-mentioned means have been ufed. Junker's Confp. Med. p. 739.

A yellow colour of the Jkin is another very common com- plaint in new-born Infants, fo that they look as if they had the jaundice. This Is an accident of no ill confequence. It often goes off of itfelf, after voiding the firft ftools ; and if it does not, is eafily removed by giving the Infant a fmall quantity of fyrup of rhubarb, and of the common abforbent powders, with antimonium diaphoreticum. In this cafe the child is to be kept warm, fo that it may fweat moderately while it takes thefe medicines.

Difficulty of fwallowing is alfo a common complaint in In- fants. If this happens from that fault of the frenulum of ,the tongue, which renders the child tongue-tied, as the good women exprefs it; this is to be removed by cutting it. If it be caufed by aphthee, or little ulcers in the mouth ; thefe are to be treated as below. If it proceed from a tumor of the tongue, the difcutient waters are to be put in fmall quantities into the mouth every two or three hours ; and if there be ulcerations upon the tongue, the beft of all appli- cations is the oil of eggs. But before any thing is done for the child, it is neceffary to fee, whether the fault be not in the mother from her having no milk, or from the nipples being fo depreffed that the child cannot ufe them.

Imperf orations of the neceffary parts. Thefe fometimes hap- pen in Infants, fo that there is either no paffage for the ftools, or for the urine ; fometimes for neither. This cafe is rare ; but when it happens, fpeedy help muff, be had, or the Infant perifhes. In cafes where the paffage is regularly formedj

• but is only ftoptup by mucous matter, which fometimes hap- pens ; the gentle abftergents are to be given, as the crabs- eyes or fome other abforbent half fated with an acid, and the

■ ufe of a fmall catheter or glyfter-pipe muft be called in. - But

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