Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/923

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Mr. Qucfnay encourages furgeons to open Abfcejfes, when they form in the brain ; and even to pufh a lancet into the brain, when the fymptoms indicate a fuppuration, tho' the pus be neither felt nor feem Mem* de L'Acad. de Chirurg. Tom. I.

IMPOTENCE, or Impotency (Cyd.) — We have inftances of unlitnefs for generation in men, by an impediment to the ejection of the fenicn in coition from a wrong direction, which the orifices at the verumontanum got, whereby the feed was thrown up into the bladder. Mr. Petit cured one patient under fuch a difficulty of emiffion, by making an in- cifion like to that commonly made in the great operation for the ftone. See Mem. de L'Acad. de Chirurg. Tom. I. Impotence may be caufed by various accidents, but moft fre- quently takes its rife from early and immoderate venery ; and often from the venereal difeafe. See the article Venereal Difeafe.

IMPRACTICABLE Cafe, in algebra. See the article Irre- ducible.

IMPREST, in the fea language. See the article Manning the fleet.

IMPURE, in the Mofalc law. There were feveral forts of Impurity contracted under the law of Mofes. Some were vo- luntary, as the touching of a dead body ■', or of any animal that died of itfelf, or of any creeping things, or unlean crea- ture b ; or the touching things holy by one who was not clean, or was not a prieft ; or the touching one who had a leprofy, one who had a gonorrhoea, or was polluted by a dead carcafs ; a woman who had lately lain in c, or was in the condition which her fex is every month liable to d , or

- was incommoded with an extraordinary iftiie of blood. Other kinds of Impurity there were, of an involuntary nature ; for which we muft refer the reader to Cahnct, who fhews what kind of purification was prefcribed for each fpecies of pollution c. — [Vid. s Numb. xix. 1 1, 14. b Levit. xi. 24, 43. c Levit. xii. 23, 45. d. Id. xv. 25. e Calm. Diet. Bibl. in voc]

IN, in the manege, — To put a borfe in, is an expreffion that fignifies to breed and drefs him, by putting him right upon the hand and the heels.

Jti-Penny and Out-penny, in our old writers, money paid by the cuftom of fome manors on the alienation of tenants, &c. — In-penny and out-penny eonfuetudo talis efi in villa de Eaft Radham, de omnibus terris qua infra Burgagium tenentur, viz. quod ipfe, qui vendident vel dederit diclam tenuram alicui, dabit pro exiitt fuo de eadem tenura unum denarium, & fimile de tngreffu alterius ; et ft prtedicli denar'ij a retro fucrint, BalUvus domini diflringet pro eifdem denariis in eadem tenura, Regift. Prior, de Cokesford, p. 25. Blount.

INACHIA, i««%i«, in antiquity, a feftival in Crete, celebrated in honour of Leucothea, or Ino.

The word is compounded of Ino, and «#>c, u e. Grief; being perhaps a commemoration of Ino's misfortunes. Pott. Archa:ol. Graec. 1. 2. c. 20.

INAJA Guacuiba, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the cocoa-nut tree, or palma indica nucifera of other writers. Marggrave, p. 138.

INAMBLUCIA, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of foflils of the clafs of the felenitse ; but of the number of the columnar, not the rhomboidal kinds, and compofed merely of parallel fibres. See the article Selenites. The word is derived from the Greek t», a filament, «f*&u;, blunt, and xlm, a column ; and exprefTes a body in form of a blunt column, and compofed of feveral filaments. The felenitce of this genus confift of fix equal fides or planes, and have much of the appearance of fprigs of rock-cryftal in their external form, but are not compofed of flat tables or flakes, but of a number of long parallel filaments, extended thro' the whole length of the body, and as aptly refcmble the fibraria, commonly called fibrofe tubes, as the common felenitK do the foliaceous. Hill's Hill, of Fofl". p. 122. Of this genus there are only two known fpecies. The firft compofed of very fine thin and flender filaments ; this is found in the clay-pits of Norfhamptonfhire, but is not com- mon there. The other is compofed of thick coarfe and whitifh filaments ; and is tound in the ftrata of clay, in the cliffs of, Sheppey ifland. Id. ibid. p. 142, 143.

INANITY, the fchool-term for emptinefs or abiblutc vacuity, and implies the abfence of all body and matter whatfoever, fo that nothing remains but bare fpace,

INARCHING, in gardening, a particular fort of grafting, called alfo by fome grafting by approach. It is ufed when the ftock intended to be grafted on, and the tree from which the graft is to be taken, it and fo near one another, that they may be brought to touch. The branch to be inarched is to be fitted to that part of the ltock where it is to be joined, the rind and wood are to be pared away on one fide for the length of three inches, and the ftock or branch where the graft is to be united is to be ferved in the fame manner, fo that the two may join equally together, and the fap meet ; a little tongue is then to be cut upwards in the graft, and a notch made in the ftock to admit it, fo that when they are joined, the tongue will prevent their flipping, and the graft will more clofely unite to the ftock. Having thus brought them exactly together, they muft: be tied with fome bofs qr worfted, or other fpft tying, and then the place mult

be covered with fome grafting clay, to prevent the air ntfrri

■ drying the wound, and the wet 'from rotting the ftock; a ftake muft be fixed in the ground, to which both the ftock ■ and the graft muft be tied, to prevent the winds difpiacing them. When they have remained in this ftate four months,' they will be fufriciently united, and the graft may then be cut oft' from the mother tree, obferving to Hope it clofe to the ftock, and at this time there ihould be frefh clay laid all round the part. This operation ihould be performed in! April or May, that the graft may be perfectly united to the ftock, before the enfuing winter. It is principally practifed upon oranges, myrtles, jefarnines, walnuts, and firs, and fome other trees, which do not fucceed well in the common way of grafting. But it is a wrong practice when orange- trees are defigncd to grow large, for thefe are feldom long liv'd after the operation. Miller's Gardeners Diet. See the article Grafting.

INCALESCENT Mercury, a name given by Mr. Boyle to fome mercuries of an uncommon preparation ; which, by being mingled with a due proportion of gold leaves, or final! filings, would amalgamate and grow hot with the gold.

INCERATION, among apothecaries, the mixing of liquids with fomething that is dry, by a gentle foaking, till the com- petition be brought to a fubfrance of the coiiiiiten.ee of foft wax. Cafl. Lex. Med. in voc.

INCIDEN r [Cycl.) — Incident, in law, is a thing appertaining to, or following another, that is more worthy or principal. A court-baron is infeparably incident to a manor ; and a court of pie-powders to a fair. Kitch. 36. I Inft. 151.

Incidents, or Attenuants, in the materia medica. Thefe medicines are of the utmoft importance in the practice of phyiic, as a little reflection, upon their natures, qualities, and manners of operation, will eafily convince us. To this clafs belong the roots of arum, afarabacca, acorus, elecampane, and- florentine orris ; the leaves of brook-lime, fcurvy-grafs, water-crefs, Indian creffes, dittander, fumitory, marfh -trefoil, fmall centaury; all the fpecies of garlick, onion, and leek, and the wood and bark of guaiacum ; among the fpices, pep- per, and ginger ; among the feeds, thofe of muftard, fcurvy- grafs, and crefies ; among the gums, galbanum, ammoniacum, myrrh, and benjamin. Among the chemical preparations, the moft powerful Attenuants are calomel, aethiops, flower of brim- ftone, the fix'd alcaline falts, the falts of the purging waters, vitriolated tartar, regenerated tartar, and a folution of crabs eyes-, nitre, and fal armoniac ; the volatile fait and urinous fpirit offal armoniac alfo; to which may be added oxymel of fquills, and the acrid tincture of antimony. Medicated fprings alfo belong to this clafs of medicines, becaufe they, befide their diluting and aperient natures, are alfo highly attenuating. Infufions in form of tea, from the quantity of warm water they confift of, are alfo very efficacious Attenuants, and are very powerful in the difunit'ing coalefcent molecules. Of this clafs alfo are fweet whey, and a multitude of other lefs us'd and lefs powerful medicines.

Of thefe, fome act upon the fluid, and others upon the folid parts of the human body. Thofe which act upon the fluids, by mere contact, are very few in number, being only the watery diluents, which are of fingular efficacy in colli- quating the vifcid and glutinous humours. The alcaline, fix'd, volatile, and nitrous falts, if mixed with the in- fpiflated blood and humours, efpecially if in a liquid form, colfiquate and attenuate them in fo powerful a manner, as to be perceptible even to the naked eye. All the other medi- cines mentioned as Attenuants act only on the folids, by en- creating their tone, augmenting their ftrength, heightening their contractile force, and adding to the elafticity and fyftolic motion of the veflels ; by which means they prefs and impel more vigoroufly their contam'd fluids, and by that means divide and break them, by driving them forcibly thro' fmall paffages. Hojfman. Oper. Vol. I. feet. 2. c. 4. Among the attenuating medicines which act upon the folids, fome produce their effects by means of a confiderable fix'd and acrid fait ; fuch are the roots of arum, afarabacca, as alfo lepidium, pepper, and ginger ; all which, tho* of a pun- gent tafte, yet neither yield an acrid volati! oil, nor a water of an acrid tafte, when diftilled with water, which fufneiently proves their fix'd nature. Others, which act upon the folids, produce their effects by means of an acrid volatile fait, fuch are the crefTes, fcurvy-grafs, muftard, and the like. Some alfo act by means of a neutral fait, which is very ftimula- ting. Of which kind are thofe neutral falts wbofe acrimony and irritating quality are not only difcovered by the tafte, but alfo by their proving purging, or diuretic, when_ given in large dofes. Others operate by means of an acrid fale impregnated with a large quantity of fulphureous particles, which is evidently the cafe with gum ammoniacum and the reft; as alfo guaiacum and its refin, which befide their acrid fait, contain alfo an oil which they yield in great plenty by diftillation with water. And finally, fome Attenuants act by means of a fubtle penetrating metallic fait ; fuch is mer- cury in its feveral forms.

Attenuating and bidding medicines are of very extenfive ufe in phyfic, and come under different denominations, accord- ing to the different effects they produce. Thus, when tena- cious and vifcid juices not only ftagnate on the cavities of x tjis