Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/909

 J A C

jAC

J.

JABIRU, in zoology, the name of a large water bird ap- proaching to the crane kind, and called by fome the Ne- gro, It is larger than oiir fwan, its neck: is as thick as a man's arm, and its head very large ; its beak is ftrait, eleven fingers breadth long, pointed and a little hooked at the end : Its legs are two feet long, and thick and as it were fcaly. It is all over on the body white, as the fwan or goofe. Its neck is naked, and for a long way below the head, is covered, as is alfo the head with a tough black fkin : It is poflible however, that there naturally may be feathers on this part ; but that only dead birds having been feen of this fpecies the feathers may have fallen off. Its tail is broad and ftiort. Margraves Hift. Brafil. JABIRUGUACU, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird, called by others nanduapoa, and by the Dutch fcurvogel. See the article Sgurvocel- JABOTAPITA, in botany, the name given by Plumier to a genus of plants ; fince characterifed by Linnaeus under the name of ochna. See the article Ochna. JABOTI, in zoology, the name of a remarkable fpecies of tortoife found in America. The fhell of this fpecies is black, and has many hexangular figures marked upon it : The head and legs are brown variegated with fpots of a dufky greenifh hue. The liver of this fpecies is accounted a very delicate food. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 254. JACA, in natural hiftory, the name of a kind of nut, very common in China, which is reckoned the largeft of all yet known. It is produced from the trunk of the tree, as if the branches however large and ftrong were not able to bear it. Its fhell is fp ftrong, that there is occafton for an ax or hatchet to opcri it j and within are innumerable cells or vefllcles containing a pulp' of a yellow colour, which fur- rounds a kernel like the chefnut, that is exceeding fweet when ripe. Hoffm. Lex. in voc. JACAMACIRI, in zoology, the name of a very remarkable Brafilian bird, approaching to the nature of the woodpecker, and having feet of the fame fort with the birds of that genus, the toes Handing two before and two behind. It is of the fize of a lark. Its feet are yellow, its head, back and wings, are all of a very lively green, variegated with yellow and red ; and its breaft and belly of a dufky yellow. It is a very fplendid and beautiful bird, its colours glowing very bright- ly in the fun. Margrave's Hift. Brafil. JACANA, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird, a fpecies of moor-hen. It is a very elegant and beautiful kind, it is of the fize of a pigeon, but its legs are much longer, and are of a greenifh. yellow, and all its toes efpecially the hinder one, are of a very remarkable length. Its tail is fhort, its colour on the back, belly and wings, is a mixt green and black : Its neck and breaft are of the changeable colours they are in the peacock, and in fome pigeons : Its head is fmall, and is covered with a membrane of the colour of the orien- tal turquoife ftone : The beak is fhaped like that of the gallinaceous kind, and is about a finger's breadth long, and is partly of a greenifh yellow, partly of a very elegant red. It is very common in watery places in Brafil, and is eaten, but not efteemed a fine fowl. Margrave's Hift. Brafil. JACAPU, in zoology, the name of a bird of the merula or blackbird kind, and of the fize and fhape of the common blackbird. Its upper part is all of a deep black, except that the tips of the feathers on the rump are flightly greyifh. Its breaft is of a very fine red, and its tail long and like that of the common blackbird ; as are alfo its beak and feet. Rays Ornitholog. p. 143. JACARANDA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the tree the wood of which is the logwood, ufed in dying and in medicine. Pifo, p. II. JACARE, in zoology, the name of an animal found in the Brafils, and very little differing from the crocodile of the other parts of the world, if at all fpecifically, which Mr. Ray doubts. It has no tongue, but only a fort of membrane which relembles the ihape of one, and which it cannot lift up or move : Its eyes are large, round, clear, and very bright, the iris blue, and the pupil of a fine black : The forelegs are very {lender and weak; the hinder ones longer, and more robuft. The forefeet have each five toes i three in the middle, which are long, and armed with very fharp claws ; and two at the fides, which have none. The hinder feet have only four toes each » one of which only on each foot wants a claw, and is the outer one. The farther half of the tail has a ftrong erect fin upon it, which is of great ufe to the creature when in the water, ferviug as the fins of fiihes to affift it in fwimming. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 262. JACARECATINGA, in the materia medica, the name by Suppl. Vol. I.

which fome authors have called the Acorus Afiaticus, or Afi- atic fweet flag. Pifo, p. 24. JACARINI, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird of the goldfinch kind, and of the fize of our common goldfinch. Its beak is thick and grey, as are alfo its legs and feet -, it is all over of a fine fliining black, like pohlhed fteel \ its wings are white underneath. Margrave' $ Hiftor. Brafil. JACCHAGOGI, lax.%opyuytiii in antiquity, thole who carried the ftatue of the hero Jacchus in proceifioii at the celebra- tion of the Athenian feftival, called Eleufima. They had their heads crowned with myrtle. See Elsusinia, Cycl. JACEA, Knapweed, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is ot the flofculous kind, or compofed of numbers of fmall flofcules, each divided into feveral fegments at the end, and itandmg upon an embryo feed : Thefe are all contained in one gene- ral cup, which is of a fcaly ftructure, but not prickly. The embryos finally become each a feed winged with down. The fpecies of Jacea enumerated by Mr. Tournefoit, are thefe: 1. The common broad-leav'd field Knapweed. 2. The common broad-leav'd field Jacea, with white flowers. 3. The black 'Jacea, with jagged leaves. 4. The narrow- leav'd black Jacea, with wild gromwel leaves, and a rough ftalk. 5. The narrow-Ieav'd black Jacea, with wild grom- wel leaves and a fmooth ftalk. 6. The low Jacea, with undivided leaves. 7. The Jacea, with hairy fcales of the cup. 8. The Jacea, with pennated fcales and a hairy head. 9. The great black Jacea, with a fcaly head. 10. The lef- fer black Jacea, with a fcaly head. 1 1. The narrow-Ieav'd Jacea, with hairy heads, 12. The white flower'd hairy headed Jacea. 13. The common Jacea, with jagged leaves and purple flowers. 14. The common Jacea, with jagged leaves and white flowers. 15. The jagged-leav'd Jacea, with fcaly heads. 16. The broad-leav'd Jacea, with jagged leaves. 17. The foft hoary mountain Jacea, with rough heads. 18. The white mountain Jacea, with heads like the fteebe. 19. The purple flowered grey-leav'd jagged Jacea. 20. The degenerate grey-leav'd Jacea. 21. The tail purple- flowered Jacea, with hairy fuccory-like leaves. 22. The tall white-flowered Jacea, with hairy fuccory-like leaves. 23. The Jacea, with woolly rocket-like leaves. 24. The Jacea, with white jagged leaves, and not fhining hufks. 25. The great jagged-leavM Jacea, with filvery cups. 26. The greater Jacea, with filvery hufks. 27. The Idler Ja- cea, with filvery hufks. 28. The jagged and ferrated- leav'd annual Jacea, with purple flowers. 29. The wood Jacea, commonly called ferratula, or fawwort. 30. The white-nower'd wood Jacea, or fawwort. 31. The tali peach- leav'd wood Jacea, or fawwort. 32. The tall centaury-like wood Jacea, or fawwort. 33. The Virginian wood Jacea, or fawwort with rigid leaves. 34. The blue-flower' d al- pine Jacea, with calcitrapa leaves. 35. The white-flow- ered alpine Jacea, with calcitrapa leaves. 36. The ever- green Portugal Jacea. 37. The Portugal marfh elecam- pane-like Jacea. 38. The dwarf Portugal Jacea, with faw- wort leaves and large flowers. 39. The alpine Jacea, With the leaves of devils-bit. 40. The honeywort-leav'd Jacea. 41. The broad-leav'd Spanifh Jacea, with the nerves of the leaves hoary. 42. The filvery white woolly Jacea. 43. The ftorax-leav'd tree Jacea. 44. The hoary and prickly cretic Jacea. 45. The woolly Jacea, with undulated leaves. 46. The dwarf Spanifh Jacea, with toadflax-leaves. 47. The rofemary-leav'd headed Jacea. 48. The ftone jacea, with long narrow hoary leaves. Town. Inft. p. 444. The Jaceas are diftinguifhed from the thiftles by their flower cups not being prickly, and from the cirfiums by their leaves not being fo. JACENT, in medicine, a term ufed to exprefs the ftate of the body in a perfon who is lying down, and has a ceflation of the actions and motions proper to the mufcles and ten- dons. The ears are called jacent alfo in fome newly brought forth animals, as the hind, tsV. when they lie flat to the head, and have never yet been erected ; and finally Helmont has apply' d the term to nature, which, he fays, is jacent when a difeafe is rifen to a head, and the morbific caufe ftrives to fupprefs the vital flame. JACK! {Cycl.) — Jack IVambafium, in our old writers, a kind of defenfive coat-armour, worn by horfemen in war, not made of folid iron, but of many plates fattened together ; which fome perfons by tenure were bound to find upon any invafion. IValfingham, Blount. Jack, in zoology. See the article Lucius. JACK-Daw, the Englifh name of a fpecies of the corvus. See the article Corvus.

This bird is very mifchievous to the farmer and gardener, 14 A and