Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/906

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ftones. 5, The long water Hypnum with oval fluffing leaves ; the ftalks of this are eight inches or more in length, and the leaves fmall and arranged clofely together. 6. The long- leaved floating Hypnum ; this is very common in watery pla- ces in Ireland. 7. The (pear-pointed bog Hypnum; this is an elegant mofs, very common on Hampftead-heath ; the leaves are fo convoluted at the ends of all the branches, that they form points which appear prickly. 8. The yellow ftarry bog hypnum ; this is fmaller than the former, and the leaves, inftcad of being convoluted into points at the ends of the branches, are expanded fo as to form a fort of radicated ftar at the end of each. 9. The yellow woolly bog Hypnum ; this is a beautiful erect bog mofs, with a yellow tufted head, and a black bafis, the bottom part of every ftalk being black and deftitute of leaves. 10. The larger Hypnum, with reflex or drooping leaves ; this is a very elegant mofs, every leaf ap- pearing in fhape of a hook from the ftalk. n. The lefler drooping leaved Hypnum ; this is of a paler colour than the former, and the leaves are more bent and fhorter ; both thefe are very common in our woods. 12. The rambling round- headed mountain Hypnum ; the heads of this fpecies are re- markably round in fhape ; it is common in Ireland, but lefs frequent with us. 13. The fox-tail Hypnum \ the name car- ries a fuflicient defenption of this remarkable fpecies, which is not found with us, and no where, fo far as is yet known, ex- cept in the Canary Mauds. 14. The rambling flender-head- ed ftone H)pnum ; this is a native of Germany, and is com- mon there about the rocks, whence fprings ifl'ue. 15. The upright flender Hypnum, with cylindrical heads ; this is moll frequently found on the flumps of trees, but fometimes on the ground in dry hilly places. Id. ibid. p. 302. The fecond fubdivifion of thefe Hypnums, comprehends thofe whofe leaves being clofely applied to the fhlks, give them a cylindric figure; of this kind are the following fpecies: 1. The water Hypnum, with round and feathered branches ; that part of this plant which grows out of the water, has cy- lindric branches; but that which is under water, has the leaves minding out in the manner of the Hypna of the former fubdivifion ; it is common in the Thames and other rivers. 2. The blunt cyprefs-like Hypnum ; this is fometimes fingle, fometimes branched, and is common in woods and on large ftones. 3. The round cyprefs or ftone crop- like Hypnum ; the (talks and branches in this are more erect than in the for- mer, and_ more rounded ; it grows on the ground in dry places. 4. The finer cyprefs-like Hypnum ; this has the ftalks of the young fhoots covered with fmaller and more pointed leaves ; the branches are long and trailing, it grows on the ground in dry places, but rarely produces its capfules. 5. The long-fhanked fhining fhrub Hypnum with upright heads ; this is a very elegant mofs, it grows to three inches in height, the ftalks are hard and woody, and naked from the ground to two-thirds of the height, it grows in woods. 6. The larger moufe-tail Hypnum with upright heads ; this is of a pale green, and is common on rocks, and at the roots of old trees. 7. The fhort fhanked dark-green fhrub Hypnum with bowing heads ; this is taller than the common fhrub Hypnum, and more branched ; it grows in thick woods. 8. The flender moufc-tail Hypnum with ftooping heads ; this is of a very beau- tiful green, and is common under hedges at the flumps of trees. 9. The lefler thick moufe-tail Hypnum with (looping heads ; the ftalks of this are about an inch long, and the young fhoots very fhort and fmall, the leaves are oval and obtufe ; it is of a yellowifh-green, and is frequently found on old walls. 10. The fine Ihining moufe-tail Hypnum with upright heads; this is lefs branched than the former, and of a darker green, it grows on old walls. 11. The fquirrel- tail tree Hypnum ; the ftalks of this are long and varioufly in- terwoven, and the leaves are of a deep green ; it grows on the trunks of trees. 12. The flender crooked Hypnum, re- fcmbling the pods of the finooth-podded bird's-foot; this is a very elegant fpecies ; it is of a filky yellowifh-green, and the branches are fhort and crooked, bending into the fhape of the pods of that plant ; it grows on the ftumps of trees, and on rocks. 13. The catkin Hypnum with long hofes ; the leaves are oval and obtufe, and the young fhoots much refemble the juli or catkins of the hazel ; the perichastia, or coats furround- ing the bafes of the pedicles of the capfules, are remarkably long. 14. The creeping catkin Hypnum with foft fhining branches and flender heads ; it is fmall, and of a yellowifh green, and grows on the ground ; and is common in Virginia and Penfylvania. 15. The catkin Hypnum refemblmg the filver bryum ; this grows in thick tufts unmixed with other moiTes, and is common on the Itumps of trees in Maryland and Virginia. Ibid. p. 307.

The third divifion of this order of Hypna, comprehends thofe called the trichoide and filky ones ; thefe have extremely fine and fmall leaves, placed in the manner of fcales one over an- other. The following are the known fpecies of this kind : 1. The common bending filk Hypnum with ftrait-pointed heads ; this is fmall and very filky ; it grows on the ground, and on walls and trees, in great plenty, in moft places. 2. TJiemuling filk Hypnum with bending heads ; the brandies of this are lunger and more erect than thofe of the former ; it grows ulually upon the ground in dry places. 3. The velvet 8

Hypnum with ftooping oval heads ; this grows in thick tufts about the roots of trees, and is of a yellowiih- green. 4. The flender filk Hypnum with pointed heads ; this is very much branched, and its ftalks are ufually entangled one within an- other ; this is very frequent on old trees, ftones, hones, and other things, and is what is generally found on the human fkull, after being long expofed to the weather. 5. The flender filk Hypnum with roundifh heads ; this is a fmall mofs, and grows tolerably erect., and feldom in thick tufts ; it is of a mixed colour of green and yellow, and grows in heaths where there is little grafs. 6. The long red- fhanked capil- lary trailing Hypnum with long heads ; the branches of this are long, the young fhoots very fmall and fhort ; it grows oa the earth, and fpreads itfelf over ftones, flicks, or whatever lies in its way. 7. The fhort-fhanked capillary Hypjium with long heads ; the leaves of this are broader and fhorter than thofe of the precedent, and it produces a great number of heads ; it is common in the woods of Germany, and in North America. 8. The branched hairy tree Hypnum ; this is a large mofs, and the ftalks are very much branched ; it is common in the woods of Germany. D'tlien. Hift. Mufc

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The fecond order of the Hypnum: contains thofe with pen- dulous heads ; of thefe there are only three known fpecies :

1. The fmall dented black Hypnum with ftooping heads; the ftalks are very fhort and flender, the leaves of an oval figure, and fet loofely one by another ; they are of a deep dead gteen, and become black in drying ; it is a remarkably fmall mofs, and grows in Patagonia on the ftumps of trees. 2. The herring-bone Hypnum ; this is an upright mofs not branched, and its leaves are very long and flender, and fo dilpofed as to refemble the fpine of a fmall fifh ; it was found by Sir Hans Sloane on the mountains of Jamaica. 3. The ftifr-branched fhort-fhanked Hypnum with pendulous heads ; this is a pro- cumbent mofs, and has its branches ufually interwoven vari- oufly together ; it is of a deep green, and grows on the ftumps of old trees. Ibid. p. 333,

The third order of the Hypna contains a number of fpecies lefs known than the others, and about which there is fome doubt among authors, whether they are truly Hypna, and regularly diftincf from the others. Thefe are, 1. The black water Hypnum with hooked leaves ; this is described by Pon- tedera, Micheli, and other writers, and is wholly different from all the other Hypna, and indeed from all other moffes ; but it fome what approaches to the character of the bryums.

2. The elegant fcaly Water-mofs defcribed by Feuillee ; the branches of this are long, the leaves are of a pleafant green, and placed like fcales over one another ; it grows in the ri- vers of Peru. 3. The fquare-branched Hypnum of Jamaica ; this is a fmall mofs, and its leaves are very numerous, and very little, but are fo difpofed in four feries, as to make the ftalks appear fquare. Sir Hans Sloane found this in the woods on the mountains of Jamaica. 4. The great creeping Ground- mofs, with branches conglobated at the extremities, and with fmall leaves every way furrounding and hiding the ftalk. This alfo was found by Sir Hans Sloane in Jamaica. 5. The fmaller creeping Eartb-mofs, with ftalks conglomerated at their extremities, and with capillaceous leaves. 6. The fub- terranean Water-mofs, found in Pruffia at a great depth under ground, in a watery place, digging for a well. 7. The black fcaly middle-fized fp'ater-mofs. " 8. The greater black-branch- ed fflater-mofs. 9. The fcaly Eartb-mofs with fmall leaves and a little red head. 10. The creeping fcaly Eartb-mofs, with fmall deep green leaves fet very clofely together, if. The- wVte leaved fcaly Eartb-mofs, 12. The fcaly Earth-mofs t with long pale-green fhoots. 13. The Eartb-mofs, with conglobated heads, and very few leaves upon the ftalks. 14. The common fmall creeping Eartb-mofs. 15. The little, fcaly Mojs, with heads growing on long pedicles at the ends of the branches. All thefe laft are defcribed by Pontedera, but imperfectly ; and both they, and many of Micheli's, probably belong to fome of the before-mentioned fpecies ; but as they want in the defcriptions and figures the diftingui filing cha- racters of the fpecies, Dillenius has prudently avoided deter- mining any thing about them. Ibid. p. 342.

HYPOCAUSTUM {Cycl.)-~ The remains of a Roman Hypo- caujium, or fweating-room, were difcovered under ground at Lincoln, in 1739. We have an account of thefe remains in the Phil. Tranf. N°.46i. SedT 29.

HYPOCH/ERIS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the chara6ters of which are thefe : The common cup is of an imbricated figure, and is fwelled at the bafe, and compofed of fbarp- pointed fcales. The flower is of the compound kind ; it is imbricated and uniform. The feparate flowers of which this is compofed are numerous, and equal in fize ; each is compofed of one leaf, and is narrow, of a ligulated fhape, truncated, and divided into five fegments at the edge. The ftamina are five very fhort and capillary filaments. The an- therae are cylindric and tubular. The germen of the piftil ftands under the flower. The ftyle is capillary, and of the length of the ftamina. The ftigmata are two in number, and are reflex. The cup, after the flower is fallen, ferves as a feed veffel ; it fcales clofe at the top, and it becomes of a roundifh but pointed figure. The feeds are fingle and ob- long*