Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/903

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ean Hydrocotyle, with leaves like the little water lily. 4, The great American Hydrocotyle, with umbilicated leaves, and flowers growing in radiated umbels. Tourn. Inft.- p. 328.

HYDRODES Febris, a fever, in which the patient is from the beginning afflicted with very copious and weakening fweats, and great weaknefs.

HYDROGARON, a word ufed by fome of the old authors for garum, or brine diluted with water, and ufed as a purge, taken in large quantities.

HYDROMELON, a name given by the antients to a liquor prepared with one part of honey, impregnated with the juice of quinces, and two parts of boiled water fet in the fun during the dog days.

HYDROPHAN.E, in natural hiftory, the name of a gentis of the femi-pcllucid gems. The word is derived from iXf, water, and tydnaxu, to thine ; the diftinguifh'mg character of thefe ftones being, that they become lucid on being plunged into water. They are femi-tranfparent ftones, compofed of cryftal and earth, the latter ingredient being in large proportion, and mixed but imperfectly, as in the chalcedony, and giving a ge- neral mifty or cloudy look to the mafs, but coniiderably opake, and not capable of a fine polifh ; but appearing of a dufky and foul furface, till thrown into water, in which they become lucid, and in fome degree tranfparent, and either in part or wholly change their colour, which returns to them again when taken out and dried. Of this genus we know only two fpecies, one a whitiih grey, without veins, called lapis ?mt- iabilis, and oculus vntndi ; and the other a whitifh-grey one, variegated with yellow, and with a black central nucleus, called by authors the cculus beli. Hill's Hift. of Eoff. See the article Oculus.

HYDROPHTHALMIA, a name by which fome have called the prolapfus oculi, when owing to a quantity of aqueous hu- mours. Heijier's Surgery, p. 437. See the article Pro- lapsus Oculi.

HYDROPHYLACIA, a word ufed by Kircher, and fome others who have written in the fame fyftem, to exprefs ttiofe great refervoirs of water which he places in the Alps, and other mountains, for the fupply of the rivers which run through the feveral lower countries. This he makes to be one of the great ufes of mountains in the oeconomy of the univerfe.

HYDROPHYLLUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower corififb of one leaf, and is fhaped like a bell, and divided into feveral fegments at the edges. From the bafe of the cup of the flower there rifes a piftil, which perforates the bottom of the flower, and is fixed in its hinder part like a nail. This ripens into a roundifh bivalve fruit, full of roundifh feeds. Of this genus of plants there is only one known fpecies, which, before it had this generical name, ufed to be diftinguiflied by authors by the name Dentaria affinis echii fare, a plant re- fembling the toothwort, with flowers like viper's buglofs. Tourn. In ft. p. Si.

Hydrophylium, in the Linnxan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The cup is a perianthium, divided into five fegments, and almoft as long as the flower. The fegments are tapering in lhape, and the cup remains after the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of a fingle petal, in form of a bell, flightly di- vided into five obtufe emarginated fegments. The flower has alfo five nectaria ; thefe are in each fegment of the flower, or cavity, or cleft, with two longitudinal lamcllse, which con- verge andfhutovcrit. The nectaria are in the lower half of the petals. The (lamina are five tapering filaments, longer than the flower. The antherse are oblong, and lean on thefe. The germen of the piftillum is oval and pointed. The ftyle is tapering, and of the length of the ftamina : And the ftigma is bifid and open; The fruit is a globofe capfule, containing one cell, with two valves. The feed is fingle, round, and large. Linneci Gen. Plant, p. 65. HYDROPHYSOCELE, a term ufed by fome authors for a fort of hernia, or rupture, occafioned by a mixture of water and flatulencies. HYDROPNEUMOSARCA, a word ufed, by fome writers in furgery, to exprefs a tumour filled partly with water, partly with flatulencies, and partly with flefh.

HYDROPS (Cycl.)— Hydrops Pulmonum, a dropfyoftbe kings. This is a very uncommon diftemper; but it has been fome- times obferved by the phyficians of our own nation. The moft perfect account, however, any where given of this difeafe, is that of Mr. Maloet, of the Paris academy, in the cafe of a poor invalide foldier, whom he had attended through all the ftages of it. He had a very great difficulty of refpiration, accompanied with a flow fever. When in bed he could neither lie with eafe on either fide, nor on his back ; but was forced to lie upon his belly, and confequently, as that was a very troublefome po- fture, he ufually took his reft in a chair. His hands and arms were much fwelled, as were alfo his legs and feet, and his urine was of a brick colour. Mr. Maloet, from all thefe cir- cumftances, fufpected water in the breaft, but was never able to perceive any fluctuation, into whatever change of pofture he made the patient go, nor could he find that the man him- felf ever perceived any iuch fenfation within him. The un- happy creature died, after two years illnefs ; and his body being opened, there was no water found loofe in the breaft, but on Suppl. Vol. I.

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each fide of the lungs there was obferved an oval tumour of fix inches long, and four inches broad ; they were both of the fame fize, and on touching them with the hand, there was a very fenfible fluctuation obferved. On opening thefe, water run out in a large quantity, and on examining their ftructure, they were found encyfted tumours, with coniiderably thick membranes, compofed of feveral beds, or coats of matter, but with no blood veffels diftinguifhable in them. Examining the liver, there was found another enevfted tumour there, the contents of which were a lymph, tinned to a yellowifh green by gall. Mem. Acad. Par. 1732.

HYDROPYRETOS, a word ufed by fome authors to exprefs a malignant fever, attended with very copious fweats. Some make it the fame with the fudor anglicus.

HYDRORHOD1NON, a name giveh by the antients to a mixture of water and oil of rofes ; this, as it was at once cooling and emetic, was very much ufcd by the antients, to ^ provoke vomiting after the taking of poifons.

HYDROROSATON, in the writings of the antient phyficians, a name given to a drink made of water, honey, and the juice of rofes. The proportions were four pound of rofes, five pints of water, and two pints of honey.

HYDROSARCA, in the writers of furgery, a word ufed to exprefs a tumour, compofed partly of water, and partly of flefh.

HYDROSEL1NUM, in botany, a name given by fome au- thors to fmallage. Ger. Emac. Ind. ?..

HYEMAL Soljiicc. The fame with winter-foljice. See the article Solstice, Cycl.

HYEMANTES, in the primitive church, offenders who had been guilty of fuch enormities, that they were not allowed to enter the porch of the churches with the other penitents, but were obliged to ftand without, expofed to all the inclemency of the weather. Hof?n. Lex. in voc.

HY/EUIUS Lapis, in natural hiftory, the name of a ftone faid to be found in the eyes of the Hyama. Pliny tells us, that tnofe creatures were, in old times, hunted and deftroyed for the fake of thefe ftones, and that it was fuppofed that they gave a^ man the gift of prophefy, on being put under his tongue.

HYGRA, a name given by the antients to what they called liquid platters, in oppufition to thofe called xeria, or dry ones. Thefe firft were a fort of liniments.

HYGROMETER. See the article Hygroscope.

HYGROSCOPE [Cycl'.) — The following Hygrofeopc is recom- mended in the philofophical tran fact ions, N s . 479. where a, figure of it given.

It confifts of a thin piece of fponge, fo cut as to contain as large a fuperficies as^poffthle. This hangs by a fine thread of filk, upon the beam 'of a ballance, and is exactly ballanced on the other fide by another thread of fi!k, ftrung with the fmal- left lead fhot, at equal diftances, and fo adjusted as to caufe an index to point at the middle of a graduated arch, when the air is in a middle ftate, between the greateft moifture and the greateft drynefs. Under this filk fo ftrung with fhot. is placed a little table or fhelf, for that part of the filk and fhot, which is not fufbended, to reft upon. When the moifture imbibed by the fponge increafes its weight, it will raife the index, and alfo part of the fhot, from the table ; and vice vsrja when the air is dry. N°. cit. p. 76. In the philofophical tran fictions, N°. 480. we have the de- fcription of an Hygrojccpe, or Hygrometer, made of deal rods, faid to be very ferviceable.

HYLARCH1US, a word by which fome authors exprefs what they call a ruling and prefiding fpirit, which governs and actuates all matter.

HYMENiEA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, firft defcribed by Plumicr under the name of courbaril. The characters are thefe : The cup is a one leaved perianthium divided into five unequal fegments ; the flower is of the papi- lionaceous kind, the vexillum is large and reflex, the wings fmall, and lanccolated, and the carina pointed ; longer than the wings, and pointing upwards, the germen of the piftil is oblcng. The fruit is a very large pod of an oval oblong fi- gure, obtufe, and containing only one cell ; the feeds are very numerous, and of an oval figure, and are furrounded in the pod with duft and fibres. Limiai Gen. Plan. p. 521. Plunder, p. 36.

HYMENODES, an epithet applied by the old authors to fuch urine as is found to be full of little films and pellicles. Hip- pocrates alfo applies it to the menftrual dafcBarges when they are mixed with a tough vifc'id phlegm.

HYMETTIUM Marmor, a name given by many of the old writers to a fort of white marble, fometimes variegated with other colours, but remarkable for its great glofs, and the high polifh it was capable ofj this was greatly ufed among, the Romans for the columns of their public buildings.

HYOSCIAMUS, Henbane, in botany, the name of a large- genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the infundibuliform kind, confifting of one leaf, and di- vided into feveral fegments at the end. From the cup there arifes a piftil, which is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower. This afterwards becomes a fruit, which is enclofed within the cup, and is like a pot or other veffel with its cover, and is divided by an intermediate fep- tum into two cells, which contain fmall feeds. The fpecies of Henbane enumerated by Tournefort, are thefe ; 13 R 1. Th<?