Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/900

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feci clammy ; and this clammy matter, when received upon the ringers, is of a very ftrong and agreeable fmell, much more

, fo than the reft of the plant.

HUSO Germanoru.ni, in zoology, the name of a large fifh of the fturgeon kind, caught in the Danube, Borifthenes, and other large rivers, and paffing at times into the fea. It has a very long fnout, and under it either four or eight beards. It has one back-fin, which is placed near the tail, and two pair under the belly ; its general fhape fomewhat refembles that of the pike, and its back is black, and its belly yellow ; it has no fcales, and has cartilages in the ftcad of bones. It is caught in October and November, and in fome places till January ; and great numbers of them are ufually brought to market together in thofe months in the countries where they are caught. They always Iwim in fhoals. It grows to twenty four feet long$ and weighs one, twoj three, or even four hundred pounds. The drug called iftnglafs is prepared from this fifh. Ray's Ichthyograp. p. 243. See Tab. of Filhcs, N 3 42. and the article Isinglass.

&UTZOCHITL, in botany, a name by which fome authors have called the tree which affords the black balfam of Peru. De Laet. Ind. Occ. p. 224.

HYACINTH, WxivG^., (Cyci) in botany; the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the liliaceous kind, but confifts only of one petal divided into fix fegments at the end, and is of the tubular fhape of many of the bell-fafhioned flowers. The piflil arifes from the bot- tom of the flower, and finally becomes a roundifh feed veffel, lightly ridged into a fort of three-cornered fhape, and divided into three cells, each of which contains a number of roundifh or flatted feeds.

The fpecies of Hyacinth enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe : i. The great blue Hyacinth with oblong flowers. 2. The great amethyftme Hyacinth with oblong flowers. 3. The flefh-coloured Englifh Hyacinth. 4. The grey Englifh Hy- acinth. 5. The white Hyacinth of Dodonaeus. 6. The Hyacinth with oblong flowers of blue and white. 7. The Hyacinth with oblong brown flowers. 8. The dufky-flowcred Hyacinth. 9. The dufky greenifh-flowered Hyacinth. 10. The late flowering dufky Hyacinth, 11. The late flowering white Hyacinth. 12. The Hyacinth with greenifh yellow flowers. 13. The Hyacinth with (mall oblong blue flowers. 14. The Hyacinth with fmall oblong white flowers. 15. The fmall Spanifh Hyacinth with mixed flowers, and with the appearance of the oriental kinds. 16. The Hyacinth with oblong bright red flowers. 17. The Hyacinth with bell- fafhioncd flowers, Handing all on one fide of the ftalk.. 18. The bell-flowered Hyacinth with flowers on both fides the ftalk. ig. The oriental, or Constantinople Hyacinth,, with fpotted ftalks. 20. The fpotted-fialkcd oriental Hyacinth, with violet- coloured flowers. 21. The purple oriental Hya- cinth, 22. The many flowered oriental Hyacinth,, with blue flowers and very fhort cups. 23. The purplifh- white ori- ental Hyacinth. 24. The dufky-white oriental Hyacinth. 25. The fnow- white oriental winter Hyacinth. 26. The filver-coloured oriental- Hyacinth. 27. The winter oriental Hyacinth, with blue flowers, and with leaves ftained toward their bottoms, with purple fpots. 28. The large white ori- ental winter Hyacinth.. 29. The largeft oriental Hyacinth. 30. The largeft oriental' Hyacinth, with white flowers. 31. The largeft oriental Hyacinth, with bright red flower cups.

32. The many flowered oriental Hyacinth, with blue flowers.

33. The many flowered oriental Hyacinth, with white flow- ers. 34. The many flowered oriental Hyacinth, with grey flowers, 35. The oriental Hyacinth, with very fweet-fcented blue flowers. 36. The great oriental Hyacinth, with flefh- toloured flowers. 37. The amethyftine Hyacinth, with large double bell-fafhioned (Towers. 38. The early white Hyacinth. 39. The broad- leaved oriental Hyacinth. 40. The red cup variegated flowered oriental Hyacinth. 41. The great many flowered white Hyacinth. 42. The great many-flowered oriental Hyacinth, with beautiful blue flowers. 43. The branched oriental Hyacinth. 44. The oriental Hyacinth, with variegated reflex petals. 45. The violet-flowered ori- ental Hyacinth, with ftreaks of white. 46. The oriental Hyacinth, with leafy ftalks. 47. The late flowering oriental Hyacinth. 48. The late flowering oriental Hyacinth, with erect white flowers. 49. The late flowering oriental Hya- cinth, with erect blue flowers. 50. The late flowering ori- ental Hyacinth, with ftriated flowers. 51. The double flow- ered white oriental Hyacinth. 52. The double flowered blue ■oriental Hyacinth. 53. The double flowered blue Roman Hyacinth. 54. The double pale-blue oriental Hyacinth. 55, The double purple oriental Hyacinth, 56. The great whitifh blue, double oriental Hyacinth. 57. The oriental Hyacinth,, with violet purple flowers, and turgid cups. 58. Thefnow- white double oriental Hyacinth. 59. The double pale flefh- coloured oriental Hyacinth. 60. The great double-flowered white oriental Hyacinth, with rofe-like flowers, called by fome the Italian Hyacinth. 61. The double oriental Hya- cinth, called the Capucine Hyacinth. 62. The more elegant flowered Capucine Hyacinth. 63. The tuberofe Indian Hya- cinth, with the oriental Hyacinth flowers. Twnefort's lnft. P. 346.

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All the kinds of this beautiful flower may be propagated ei- ther by fowing their feeds, or by parting their bulbous roots. The latter has been the method molt practifed amono- us, tho f the former is evidently the way to procure the fineft varieties of the flowers, and has been always practifed in Holland. 1 he difcouragement in this, is the long time the plants take from the fowing, which is ufually four years before they flower ; hut then if they are fowed every year, after the firffc four years there is always a yearly fucceflion of flowers from feed.

The feed mould be carefully faved either from fcmi-double, or the fineft fingle flowers, and fown on a frefh, light, and fomewhat fandy foil, infhallow pots or boxes, covering them with half an inch of the fame earth. 7'his fhould be done in the beginning of Auguft, and the pots fhould be placed where they may have the morning fun till the middle of September ; they fhould then be removed to a fomewhat warmer fituation, and toward the end of October, be put under a common hot- bed frame.

In February the young plants will appear above ground, and muft be carefully fcreened from frofts ; but they mult not be clofe covered, except at nights. In March they muft be taken out of the frames, and fet in a warm place, and when the weather is dry, they muft be gently watered at times, and al- ways kept carefully clear from weeds.

Toward the latter end of April, or beginning of May, they muft be removed into a cooler fituation, as the heat of the fun would then be too much for them. After their blades are de- cayed, they muft have no more watering ; but toward the lat- ter end of auguft, about half an inch of frefh earth fhould be fifted over the pots ; after this they muft be preferved and managed as the former feafon, and in the auguft following, a bed of a light, rich, fandy foil, fhould be prepared. Then the earth is to be taken out of the pots and boxes, and the roots, which will at this time be about the bignefs of a quill, muft be feparated, and carefully placed upon tbebed, at two or three inches afunder. They are to be fet with the bottoms part downwards, and covered two inches thick, with the fame fine earth fifted over them. Thefe beds muft be arched over, and in frofty weather covered with mats. In fpring, if the ,weather prove dry, they muft be watered fparingly. In fum- mer they muft be carefully kept clear of weeds, and in autumn have an inch more of light earth ft revved over them. This management muft be continued till they flower,, which is ufually not till four or five years after they were fown. When they are in flower, the finer forts fhould be marked with a ftick, that they may be taken up and planted fepa- rate.

When the green leaves of thefe plants begin to decay, their roots muft be taken up, and the earth of the bed being railed into a ridge to fhoot off the moifture, they fhould be laid into the earth again in an horizontal pofition, leaving the a-reea leaves hanging down from the roots, to prevent their moifture from running into the roots, which often rots them. When the leaves are quite dried off, the roots are to be taken up and cleared of filth, and laid up in boxes till September, which is the time of planting them again. The proper foil for planting thefe in is this : Take one half frefh earth from a common, or pafture, which is of a fandy loam ; this fhould not be got be- yond nine inches deep y to this add a fourth part of fea fend, and a fourth part of rotten cow- dung.

This fhould be mixed a long while before it is ufed, and often turned ; and fhould be fpread ten inches deep on the beds, with a little rotten cow-dung, or old tanners bark, at the bottom. Thefe beds fhould be raifed from three to fix inches above the furface of the earth, and be a little rifing or rounded in the middle. When the flowers are about to blow, the ftalks fhould be fattened by a loop of wire to a ffnalL ftick, t& prevent their bending down, and they muft be fheltered from the great heat of the fun in the middle of the day, by which means they will continue in flower a month or longer. MH~ ler's Gardener's Diet. Hyacinth, is alfo a name given by the moderns to a gem, the diftinguifhing character of which is, that it is red, with an admixture of yellow. This is a very different gem from that known by the antients under the name of the Hyacinth, which was a variety nf the amethyft, with a larger admixture of a deep blue, a ftone feldom feen among us. The antients knew this gem, called the Hyacinth by us, under the name of lapis lyncurius.

The common opinions of authors have been, that the lapis lyncurius of the antients was either amber, or the ftone we now call belemnites. Theophraftus's account of it is this ; that it was of a very folid texture ; that it was ufed to engrave feals upon, and that it had the attractive power of amber, and was in colour of a yellowifh red, or flame colour. It need not be obferved, that of all the antients, this is the author moft to be depended upon for his accounts of foffils ; and it is plain, from his accounts, that the lapis lyncurius could not be the belemnites, becaufe that foflil is neither hard, nor fit to cut feals on, but very foft, and of a ftriated texture ; nor could it be amber, fince no author would have compared a body to itfelf.

It is hence evident, therefore, that a new foflil is to be looked 5 for