Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/897

 HUN

- Chryflalline Humor. See the article

HUMOR (dycl.) - Chrystalline HVMP-iaci. See the article Gibbous. HUNDRED (Cycl.) — Dochmftic Hundred, or Centner, in metallurgy and afiayihg, is a weight divifible, rh-ftintoan hund- red, and thence into a great number of other fmaller parts ; but though the word is the fame, both with the aflayers and metallurgifts, yet is to be underftood as exprefling a very different quantity in their different acceptation of it. The weights of the metallurgifts are eahly underftood, as bein^ of the common proportion, but thofe of the aflayers are a thou- fand times fmaller than thefe, as the portions of metals or ores examined by the aflayers are ufually very fmall. The metallurgiirs, who extract metals out of their ores, ufe a weight divided into an hundred equal parts, each part a pound ; the whole they call a centner or hundred weight ; the pound is divided into thirty-two parts, or half ounces ; and the half ounce into two quarters of ounces, and thefe each into two drams.

Thefe divifions and denominations of the metallurgifts are eafily underftood ; but the fame words, though they are are equally ufed by aflayers, with them exprefs very different quantities ; for as the centner of the metallurgifts contains an hundred pounds, the centner of the aflayers is really no more than one dram, to which the other parts are proportioned. As the aflayers weights are divided into fuch an extreme de- gree of minutenefs, and are fo very different from all the common weights, the aflayers ufually make them themfelves in the following manner, out of fmall filver, or fine folder plates, of fuch a fizc, that the mark of their weight, accord- ing to the divifion of the dram, which is the docimajlic, or allaying centner, may be put upon them. They fir ft take for a bafis one weight, being about two-thirds of a common dram : This they mark (641b,) Then having at hand fome gra- nulated lead, wafhed clean, well dried, and lifted very fine, they put as much of it in one of' the fmall difhcs of a fine ballancc, as will eqiiipoife the (64 lb.) as it is called, juft men- tioned : Then dividing this granulated lead into very nice halves, in the two fcales, after taking out the firft filver weight, they obtain a perfecT: equilibrium between the two fcales ; they then pour the granulated lead out of one difh of the fcales, and inftead of it put in another filver weight, which they make exactly equiponderant with the lead in the other fcale, and mark it (321b.). If this fecond weight, when firft put into the fcale, exceed by much the weight of the lead, they take a little from it by a very fine file, but when it comes very near, they ufe only a whetrtone to wear off an extremely fmall portion at a time. When it is brought to be perfectly even and equal to the lead, they change the fcales to fee that no error has been committed, and then go on in the fame manner till they have made all the divifions, and all the fmall weights. Then to have an entire centner, or hundred weight, they add to the (641b.) as they call it a 321b. and a 41b. and weighing again!! them one fmall weight, they make it equal to them, and mark it (100 lb.). This is the docimafti- cal or allaying centner, and is really one dram. Cramer, Art. A if. p. 10S.

HUNEN, in the materia medica, a name given by fome writers to the jujube. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HUNGaKICA Bolus, in the materia medica, a medicinal earth, commonly known by the name of bolus teccavieujls. HiWs Hift. of Foil", p. 7. See the article Toccaviensis.

HUNGER (Cycl.) — See the articles Bulimy and Orexis.

HUNGRY Evil, a term ufed among the farriers for the fame cliftemperature in horfes, which in men we call a canine ap- petite. It manifefts itfelf fufficiently in an inordinate delire to eat, and is fometimes the effect of long ftarving, fometimes of cold, or fome other internal or external caufe. In the lat- ter cafe the horfe not only eats a large quantity, but he de- vours it in a very remarkable manner, chopping it up as if he would eat the very manger. The method of cure is to give him large toafts of bread fteeped in fack, or fome other fweet wine; or give him a quantity of wheat flower in wine, or in milk, a quart or more at a time. Thefe are very good re- medies in cafe of extremity, but otherwife he may be cured by feeding him moderately with bean bread feveral times a day, allowing no other food.

HUNTER, a name given to a horfe qualified to carry a perfon in the chafe. The lhape of the horfe defigned for this fervice fhould be ftrong and well knit together, as the jockies ex- prefs it. Irregular or unequal fhapes in thefe creatures are always a token of weaknefs. The inequalities in fhape

. which fhew a horfe improper for the chace, are the having a large head and a fmall neck, a large leg and a fmall foot, and the like. The head of the Hunter fhould indeed always be large, but the neck fhould alfo be thick and ftrong to fupport it, The head fhould be lean, the noftrils wide, and the wind pipe ftrait.

The Hunter in order to his behaving well in the field, ought to have great care and indulgence in the ftable, he oughfto have as much reft and quiet as may be, to be kept well fup- plied with good meat, clean litter, and frefh water by him ; be ihould be often dreffed, and fuffered to fleep as much as h» plsafcs. He fhould be fo fed that his dung may be rather

HUN

foft than hard and it muft be of a bright and clean colour. A I this may be eafily managed by the continual obfervancc and change of his food, as occafion requires. After his ufual fcowenngs he fhould have exercifes and mafhes of fweet malt, or bread and beans, or wheat and beans mixed together, are to be his bell food, and beans and oats his worft. Some very great fportfmen are for keeping their horfes out at gratsal the buck-hunting feafon, never taking them up into the (table at all, but allowing them in the field as much oats with then grafs as they will eat. The holfe may be thus rid three days in the week for the whole feafon, and never damaged by ,t, nor ever fhewing any marks of harm after-

The whole fhape of a horfe intended for a Hunter, fhould be his : The ears fhould be fmall, open, and pricked; or tho' they be fomewbat long, yet if they ftand up ereft, and bold like thofe of a fox, it is a fign of toughnefs or hardinefs 1 he forehead fhould be long and broad, not flat ; or, as it is ufually termed, mare-faced, but rifmg in the middle like that of an hare; the feather fllould be placed above the eye the contrary being thought by fome to threaten blindnefs The eyes fhould be full, large, and bright; the noftrils not only large, but looking red and frefh within, for an open and frefh noftri a always efteemed a fign of a good wind. The mouth ihoud be arge, deep in the wicks and hairy. The wind-pine fhould be large, and appear ftrait when he bridles his head • tor it, on the contrary, it bends like a bow on his bridlino-' it is not formed for a free paflage of the breath. This defect in a horfe is cxprefled among the dealers by the phrafe cock- throppled. The head fhould be fo fet on to the neck, that a fpace may be relt between the neck and the chine ; when there is no fuch fpace, the horfe is faid to be bull-necked and tins .s not only a blcmifh in the beauty of the horfe, but it alio occafions his wind not to be fo good. The creft fhould be itrong, firm, and well rifen ; the neck (hould be ftrait and hrm not loofe and pliant ; the breaft fhould be ftroiKr and broad, the nbs round like a barrel, the fillets larc-e, the but tocks rather oval than broad, the legs clean, flatf and ftrait ■ and, finally, the mane and tail ought to be long and thin' not fh 0rt an j bufty; the, aft being a)untcd a ma]. k of du] r^

When a Hunter is thus chofen, and has been taught fuch obedience, that he will readily anfwer to the rider? fi»„l both of the bridle and hand, the voice, the calf of the°le e and the hours ; that he knows how to make his way forward and has gained a true temper of mouth, and a right placing of nis head, and has learned to flop and to turn readily, if bit age be fufficiently advanced he is ready for the field. It is a rule with all ftaunch fportfmen, that no horfe fhould be ufed m hunting till he is full five years old ; fome will hunt them at four, but the horfe at this time is not come up to his true itrength and courage, and will not only fail at very tousli trials, but will be fuhject to ftrains and accidents of that kind much more than if he were to be kept another year firft, when his itrength would be more confirmed.

When the Hunter is five years old, he may be put to grafs from the middle of May till Bartholomew-tide ; for the wea- ther between thefe is fo hot, that it will be very proper to (pare h,m from work. At Bartholomew-tide tlie flrength of the graft beginning to be nipp'd by frofts and cold dews fo that it is apt to engender crudities in the horfe, he fhould be taken up, while his coat is yet fmooth and fleck, and put into the ftable. When he is firft brought home, he fhould be put in fome fecure and fpacious place, where he may evacuate his body by degrees, and be brought not all at once to the warm keeping ; the next night he may be ftabled up. It is a general rule with many not to cloath and ftable up their horfes till two or three days after they are taken from grafs and others who put them in the ftable after the firft night' yet will not drefs and cloath them till three or four days af- terward ; but all this, except the keeping the horfe one day in a large and cool place, is needlefs caution. T here is a general practice among the grooms, in many pla- ces, of giving their Hunters wheat ftraw as foon as they take them up from graft. They fay they do this to take up his belly ; but there feems much rcafon to difapprove of this The change is very violent, and the nature of the ftraw fo heating and drying, that there feems great rcafon to fear that the aftnngent nature of it would be prejudicial, more than is at firft perceived. It is always found that the dung is hard after this food, and is voided with pain and difficulty, which is in general very wrong for this fort of horfe. It is better therefore to avoid this ftraw-feeding, and to depend upon mo- derate airing, warm cloathing, and good old hay, and old corn, than to have recourfe to any thing of this kind. When the horfe has evacuated all his grafs, and has been properly fhod, and the fhoes have bad time to fettle to his feet, he may be ridden abroad, and treated in this manner ■ The groom ought to vifit him early in the morning, at fi'v« o'clock in the long days, and at fix in the fliort ones • he muft then clean out the ftable, and feel the horfe's neck flank, and belly, to find the ftate of his health. If the flank feels foft and flabby, there is ncceffity of good diet to harden it, otherwife any great exercife will occafion fwellings and goutinefs in the heels. After this examination, a handfulor
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