Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/883

 HON

HOL1 -IVattrs. Thefe have been found by experience to be of admirable efficacy in all fcorbutic and fcrophubus cafes : An account of feme very remarkable cures performed by them in thefe cafes, was printed fcveral years ago, and tho' known to be fait in the place, was difbelicved by almoft every body befide.

Mr. Lewis, the late minifter of the place, confirms their ef- ficacy from his own obfervation, and obferves, that they are of an attenuating, aftringent, and drying nature. The firll of thefe properties they polfefs in common with all waters, which dilute, attenuate, and fit the juices for palling the pro- per veflels ; their aftringency they owe to the alum and iron which they contain, and their drying, ablbrbing, and healing qualities, are probably owing to a quantity of fulphur, and a fine light ochre, which they are impregnated with Philof. Tranf. N° 408.

HOMER, a Jewifti meafure. See the article CoRue.

HOMINE eligendo ad cujlodkndam pedum figilli pro mercatori- ius editi, in 1 law, a writ direfted to a corporation for the choice of a new perfon to keep one part of the feal appointed for Jlatutes-mercbant, when a former is dead, according to the ftatute of Aflon Burnel. Reg. Orig. 178. Blmmt, Cowel.

HOMOCHROA, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of pebbles. See the article Pebble.

The word is derived from the Greek SjiSi, fimilar, and xe»*> colour, and expreffes fuch pebbles as are not veined, but all of one fimple and fimilar colour. Thefe are bodies compofed of cryftaliine matter, confiderably debafed by earth, and this of various kinds in the different fpecies, but only of one kind in the fame fpecies, which is thence always of one colour, and not fubject: to veins. Of this genus there are only five known fpecies : 1. A whitifh one, common in many parts of England, particularly in Northamptonfihire, and not unfre- quently found in the ballad: hill at Deptford. 2. A red one, very frequent in all our gravel-pits. 3. A yellow one, a very pure and bright ftone, but left common than the two former, though fometimes found on Hampffiead heath. 4. A bluiih one ; this is ufually (freaked with finall irregular lines of white on the furface, and is very common among the gravel in St. James's Park. And, 5. A grecnifh one, a very foul and opake fpecies, but remarkable for the Angularity of its colour. This is a fcarce fpecies, and has not been found in the neigh- bourhood of London. All thefe are covered with external coats or crufts, like thofe of the common pebbles. Hill's Hift. of Foil p. 510.

HOMODROMUS Velfh, in mechanics, a leaver, in which the weight is in the middle between the power and fulcrum, or the power in the middle between the weight and fulcrum.

HOMOGRAMMI, '0^^^^^, among the antients, an ap- pellation given to the Athleta: who drew the fame letter, and on that account were to engage together : for when any num- ber of AthlettE were to enter the lifts, in order to determine with whom every one fhould contend, they threw into an urn a number of letters equal to that of the Athlete, but fo that there were always two letters of a fort, as two a's, or two b's. After thefe had been fhaken together, the Atbletx drew them out, and thofe who got the fame letter were to fight each other. Hojfm. Lex. in voc.

HOMOIOCATALECTON,, / «,™.tarf», in rhetoric, a figure wherein the different parts of a fentence have the fame termination.

Homoloca'.aknon is ufed as the genus to denote fimilar termi- nations of words ; and Homoioptoton and Homaiotekuton are made its fpecies. See Vojf. Rhet. 1. 5. p. 327.

HOMOLINON, a word ufed by fome authors to exprefs crude flax, and by others for a coarfe fort of flaxen linnen made of the rough threads unwhitcned, which was ufed by the an- tients for towels to rub people after bathing.

HOMONOPAGIA, a word ufed by fome medicinal authors for a head-ach. Sec the article Head-ach.

HOMONYMIA, Hemmjm/, or equivocation, that is, the calling two or more things by the fame name ; a thing which has occafioned great confufion in the accounts of the materia niedica of the antients ; and to explain which, the learned Sal- inafius has publifhed a treatife exprefs, De homonymiis ma- teria? medical, vel Hyles Iatricae.

HOMOPHONOUS, in mufic, is faid of two or more chords, firings, or voices, that are of the fame pitch of tune, or at unifon. Vid. Brojf. Muf. Difl. in voc.

HOMOTONOS, in medicine, an epithet made the characfe- riitic of a certain kind of fevers which continue from the be- ginning to the end in one equable and uniform tenor, with- out exacerbation, or relaxation.

HOMUNCIONALES, an appellation given by the Arians to the orthodox, who faid there were two natures and fubftances in Chrift. Hoffm. Lex. in voc.

HONEY {Cycl.) — It is evidently from the flowers of plants that the bees colka their great ftore of Honey, as well as their wax. The earlier writers knew this, but they had no diftina knowledge of the fevcral parts of the flowers which furniihed this induftrious inkiX with thefe two fo different fubftances. SSuppi. Vol. I.

HON

The wax we find is furniihed by the farina contained in thrf apices of Bowers, or the buttons that terminate their (lamina ) and the Honey is furniihed by a part of the flowers which feem not to have been known to exift in them, till the dif- covenes of that great botanift Linnsus. Tins author has given the name of nuJarid to thefe parts of flowers. They are certain veficles or glands lituatcd near the bafis of every petal, and continually fecreting a neflareous or melleous juice. 1 nele are fo different m figure and fituation in different flow- ers, that tins author has made them a part of his penerical diftrnflions. As it has been before obfcved, that die be"
 * d ^°°, ,h f c ftruc ] ure <> f the fa"*" °f flowers better than

at W If ^ ltE "T' fo \ muft Acknowledged" that they alio have always known the exiftence, and the L- per place and nature of thefe ncflaria, though we wereVno ran. of them till within a few years Daft. °The fee aK feizes upon this part of the flower, and fucks from thence ei- ther Honey or a juice of that nature, which will become Horn under her management. She receives this into her body^ and carries it then home to the hive, where (he un- loads iwrfelt of it, and empties it into the cells (he had before prepared to receive it. Reaumur's Hift. InfT v. c, p,86 ihe manner in which bees procure this juice, will be bed known by obferving the ftruflure of their trunks. This in itrument is of a very different ftruflure from that of the sjnat and fuel, other infects as live on our blood, but it is of the fame figure and make with that of the fcveral humble-bees, and fome other creatures of that kind. This trunk appears at different times more or lefs long. When the creature is in aftateof reft, the trunk is fliort ; and, if examined at that time by holding the head of the bee between the fingers it will be found to be a flattifh, bright, and (birring fubftan ce, of the confidence of horn, and of a chefnut colour! This aiifes from the under part of the head, and is carried in an equal breadth to the end of the teeth, and there bends and return towards the bread, diminifhing in fize all the way tilM? terminates m a point. When the creature pleafes, it unbends this a little, and forms a fort of hook with it under the head and frequently it fully extends it, and it then (lands out in a itrait line from the head ; it very much rcfembles the beak of a bird when in this fituation, and the more fo as it is pointed.

part of the head, near the place where the neck is joined on, and ,t has a fort of joint at the part where it reaches to the extremity of the teeth, and bends back again in its (late of reft. Naturahfts diflmguim this trunk into two portions by means of this joint ; they call that which reaches to the ex- tremity the anterior ; and that which has the infertion with the head, the poftcnor portion. Reaumur's Hift Inf v n P-39 1 - ' ' y "

When the trunk is in a (late of reft, we fee no part of its real furface, but only a for, of cafe or (heath in which it is P re- ferved. This cafe, when nicely examined, is found to be competed of two parts, which may be called two feparate (heaths, the one only covering a part of its length, and the other only a part of its fuperficies. Each of Thefe cafes is made of two hollow pieces which may be called half (heaths and thefe may always be feen on preffing the trunk The (ingle flat filament, which is the real organ of fuflion, or in other words, the real trunk, will be feen extending itfelf along thefe pieces, which will ftart from it on each fide The anterior portion of the trunk itfelf, when in a ftate of inaction ,,s fomewhat flatted, being three or four times a, broad as hick, and having rounded edges; this grows all the way fmaller from its origin to its extremity, where it is ter- minated by a little button or knob, which is feen to be pierced through us middle. The edges of this button are covered with hairs and the whole anterior part of the trunk is alio hairy. 1 he upper furface of this patt Teems wholly cartila- ginous but the under furface appears to be only in part fo, the reft of it fcem.ng compofed ot a folded membrane, which is capable of opening, upon occafion, to a greater extent, i his membrane runs all along the middle of the under part ot the mm*, and is of the nature of the membrane which connects together the feveral rings of the body. When the creature is fucking the juices of any (lower this anterior part of the trunk fwclls and lofes its flatnefs. This is an obfervation of fome difficulty, but may be made in this manner : Place the head of a bee before a candle, and while it is m the focus of a good glafs, let the pofterior portion of the trunk be prefled ; this will force a drop of liquor into the anterior portion,, which will by degrees make its way up to the button at the extremity. All the way that this palles, the trunk will be feen to fwell and become rounder in fhape. The fwelhng of the anterior or upper furface, which is complete horn or cartilage,, will not be fo eafily feen, but the mem- brane which runs along the under part, and makes a fort of white rib or ftreak in the center, will be feen to extend and become greatly wider than before ; and by this means alone the cavity of the trunk will be made much greater than otherwife, even though the horny part did not fwell out at all. The pofterior part of the trunk is much thicker, and appears to be much ftronger than the other. Mr Reaumur »3 M ha*