Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/874

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row-Ieav'd and wall Hawkweed, with leaves not finuated. 32. The fmooth narrow-leav'd Hawkweed, or great fmooth pilofella, 33. The Hawkweed, with deeply finuated hoary leaves. 34. The mountain woolly Hawkweed. 35. The great upright moufe-ear-leav'd Hawkweed. 36. The woolly American Hawkweed, with the appearance of the French lungwort, 37. The fmall upright moufe-ear-leav'd Hawk- weed, 38. The narrow-leav'd mountain Hawkweed, with umbellatcd flowers. 39. The garden Hawkweed, with blackifh purple flowers. 40. The great flower'd branched Hawkweed- 41. The ftatice-leav'd Hawkweed, with a leafy ftalk. 42. The ftatice-leav'd Hawkweed, with a naked ftalk. 43. The bladder fuccory Hawkweed. 44. The Sicilian Hawkweed, with fhepherds-purfe leaves. 45. The common yellow-flower'd fmooth, or but lightly hairy Hawkweed, 46. The fmooth broad-Ieav'd mountain Hawk- weed. 47. The leffer fmooth broad-leav'd mountain Hawk- weed. 48. The turnep-leav'd mountain Hawhveed. 49. The rough alpine Hierachium, with the look of the conyza. 50. The great flower'd alpine Hawhveed, with broad hairy leaves. 51. The great flower'd alpine Hazukeed, with broad, hairy, and fpotted leaves. 52. The great flower'd alpine Hawkweed, with broad very hairy leaves. 53. The dwarf fuccory-leav'd alpine Hawkweed. 54. The fmooth fhrubby Hawkweed, with broad dcutated leaves. 55. The common broad-leav'd hairy fhrubby Hawkweed. 56. The hairy {hrubby Hawhveed, with leaves much narrower and longer, a" little dentated, and very hairy. 57. The fhrubby Hawk- weed, with roundifh leaves. 58. The great narrow-leav'd fhrubby Hawkweed. 59. The leffer fhrubby Hawkweed. 60. The fhrubby Haivkweed, with very narrow and hairy leaves. 6;. The Pyrenean fhrubby Hawfave ea\ with woolly mulletn-!ike leaves. 62. The tall Pyrenean Hawkweed, with the leaves and whole appearance of the doronicum. 63. The nipplewort-leav'd Pyrenean Hawkweed. 64. The hairy Pyrenean Hawkweed, with moth mullein leaves. 65. The moth mullein-leav'd lefs hairy Pyrenean Hawkweed. 66. The Pyrenean Hawkweed, with broad honeywort-likc leaves. 67. The Pyrenean Hawkweed, with narrower honeywort leaves. 68. The round-leav'd Pyrenean Hawk- weed, with leaves embracing the ftalks. 6q. The broad dandelion- leav'd Pyrenean Hawkweed. 70. The low Doro- nicum-leav'd alpine Hawkweed. 71. The alpine Hawk- weed, with fcorzon era-leaves. And 72. The dwarf woolly Portugal Hawkweed. Town. Inft. p. 472.

HIEROJBULBUM, in botany, a name given by the antients to the colchtcum.

Some have wonderM that the medical writers of thofe times fhould give this name, which fignifies the facred root, to a thing that was generally allowed to be a poifon ; but Wcde- lius has proved that it may he given, under proper regulations, with fafety and great fuccefs in malignant and petechial fevers, and in the worft kinds of the fmall pox and meafles. The manner he gave it was in a mixture with bezoar and plantain root, and this he called his Arcanum Dupltcatum Catholieum, or pcftiiential alexipharmic. The antients had a cuftom of wearing this root about their necks, by way of an amulet, to prevent infection ; and it was probably from this that it ob- tained the name of the facred bulb. A&. Eruditor. Ann. 1719.

HIEROMANTIA, fyopewW, in antiquity, a general name for all the kinds of divination, made from the various things offered in (aerifies to the gods. They firft made conjectures from the external parts, and motions of the victim ; then from its entrails ; from the flame in which it was confumed ; from the cakes and flour ; from the wine and water, £sV. Vid. Pott. Archxol. Gnec. 1. 2. c. 14. T. 1. p. 314.

HIEROMENIA, -i«fqwi«, in antient chronology, a name given to the month in which the Nemean games were cele- brated. It was the fame with the Athenian month Beedro- mion, and likevvife called Panemos. See Panemos.

HIEROMNEMON, *bpfi»p«, among the antient Greeks, fignified a delegate chofen by lot, and fent to the great council of the amphyctyons, where he was to take care of what concerned religion. The Hieromnemones were reckoned more honourable than the other members of that aflcmbly, the general meetings of which were always fummoned by them ; and their names were prefixed to the decrees made by that council. See Mem, Acad. Infcript. vol. 4. p. 289. (eq. and 306.

HIEROMNENON, in the writings of the antients, the name of a ftone faid to have been ufed in divination, and called by others erotylos and amphicome. There is no defcription left us of It by the antients, from which we might guefs what flonc it was, or from whence it was brought.

fllJABILA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the tamarind tree. Herm. Muf. Zeyl. p. 27.

HILUM, a word ufed by botanifts to exprefs the blackifh fpot in beans, commonly called by us the eye of the bean.

HIMANTOPUS, in zoology, the name of a water bird, very remarkable for the length and flendernefs of its legs ; it is all over white on the breaft, belly, and throat, and blackifh on the back and wings. Its beak is black, about a hand's breadth lpng, and very weak and {lender, fit for nothing but to deftroy

the fofter fmall infeds. Its tail is of a whitifh grey ; its neck has feveral oblong black fpots drawn downwards, and its wings are very long. Its feet are red, and have no hinder toe. Aldrovand. de Avib. L. 20. c. 30.

HIMAS. The proper fignification of the word is a thong of leather. But in medicine it is ufed to fignify a laxnefs of the uvula, when it becomes long and flender, and hangs pendu- lous. It differs from the cionis, in that under this latter dif- order the uvula is not extenuated, but feems to acquire a greater thicknefs, as well as length, than what it naturally has.

HINGWANG, in natural hiftory, a name given, by the peo- ple of the Eaft Indies, to a fpecies of red arfenic, which they ufe in painting and in medicine. They find it in and about the copper mines. It is calcin'd feveral times in order to fit it for internal ufe. In painting it makes a very fine orange co- lour, but when mixed with cerufs, it makes a lemon colour, and any other fhade of yellow. It feems to contain fome por- tion of filver, and fome cinnabar.

HIOENA, in natural hiftory. See the article Hyjena.

HIP, in the manege. See die article Haunch.

Hip, in the materia medica, the fruit of the cynofbatus fhrub. Hips are efteemed attenuant and diuretic, but little ufed in the fhops, except in the confervc, which is a very plcafant one.

HIPPAGOGA, in antiquity, aveflel ufed in tranfporting horfes. It was otherwife called Hippago. Pitifi. Lex. Ant. in voc.

H1PPIA, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the com- mon chickwecd. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HIPPION, oiHippium, in botany, a name by which John Bauhine, and fome other authors, have called the larger fpecies of the autumnal dwarf gentian. See the article Gentiana.

HIPPIUM, in antiquity, that part or tract of the hippodrome which was beaten with the horfes feet. Sec the article Hip- podrome, CycL

HIPPOBOSCOS, in natural hiftory, the name given by au- thors to the horfe fly. This is of the bignefs of the common fly, and has a broad flat body, which is hard and fmooth, and of fo firm a ftruchire, that it can fcarce be crufh'd or broken by the fingers. It is remarkable for its flying fideways.

HIPPOCAMPUS, the Sea Horfe, in zoology, the name of a fmall fea animal^ caught in the Mediterranean, and efteemed ufeful in medicine anwng the antients, but at prefent not ufed.

It has its name from the Greek fwswr, a horfe, and *«>»■», a caterpillar, from its refembl'ing a horfe in its head, and a ca- terpillar in the reft of its body. It feldom exceeds the length of three inches, and is about as thick as a finger, or a little more; its fnout is long and hollow like a pipe, and is not fplit, as in other animals, in general; but it has an operculum from below, which opens or {huts up its aperture at the crea- ture's pleafure ; its whole fnout is perfectly like that of the acus or needle-fifh ; its eyes are round and prominent, and between the eyes there are two more prominent tubercles. The body, down to the anus, is heptaedral, or feven-fided, and terminated at the angles with a fort of thorny protube- rances ; from the anus to the tail the fhape is only three or four fided, 2nd ends in a point, and is twirled into a fort of fpiral line. In the place where the gills of other fifties are fituated, this has two fins in the fhape of ears, and above thefe there are two apertures opening upwards, but no gills are any way difcoverable. It has two apertures on the belly, out of one of which the excrements are voided, and by the other the female depolits her eggs. Its whole body is compofed of a fort of annular cartilages, from diftinct parts of which are propagated a fort of prickles ; it is while frefh of a dufky green colour, and blackifh toward the tail, and is fpotted principally on the belly with bluifh white fpecks ; it has a iingle fin in the middle of its back of an equal height all the way. Into whatever pofture you turn the tail, while the creature is yet living, it will retain it when dead. Some of this fpecies have a mane like that of a horfe, but moft want this chara&er j and naturalifts are not yet determined whether, it be the character of a diftinct. fpecies of the animal, or be owing to the different age or fex. It is hairy in many parts of the body, but principally about the head ; but the hairs often fall off in drying the creature. JVillugh. Hift. Pifc. p. 157.

HIPPOCASTANUM, Horfe-chefnut, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, being compofed of feveral leaves difpofed in a circular form ; the piftil arifes from the cup of the flower, and finally becomes a large fruit, which when ripe burfts open in many places, and is unkapfular, containing feeds of the fhape of chefnuts. There is only one known fpecies of Hippocajianum, which is the common one. Tourn. Inft. p. 611. Jo. Jac- Zannichelli a affirms, that after a great manv trials, he has found the bark of the Hippocajianum to have the fame effect as the Peruvian bark. [ a Hippocaftani facilitations ap, Med. Eff. Edinb.l

HIPPOCEPHALOIDES, the Horfe-head Jione. The word is

derived from the Greek tewoft a horfe, and w^oSm, the head,

and is a name given by Dr. Plot to a ftonc found in Oxfordshire

and many other places, and fuppofed to refemble the head of a

4 horfe