Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/870

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There was another fefHval of this name, celebrated every fifth year in EUsj where Sixteen matrons were appointed to weave a garment for the goddefs. There were games alfo which are faid to have been inft.itu.ted by Hippodamia, in ho- nour of Juno, by whole affiftance fhe was married to Pelops. The presidents were fixteen matrons, every one of which was attended by a maid. The contenders were virgins, who being diftinfiiifhed into feveral claffes, according to their ages, ran races in their order, beginning from the youngeft. The habit of all was the fame ; their hair was difhevelled, their right {houlders bare to their breafts, and their garments reached no lower than their knees. They had a Second race in the Olym- pic ftadium, which was at that time fhortened about a lixth part. Such as obtained a victory, were rewarded with crowns of olive, and a fhare of the ox that was offered in Sacrifice, and were permitted to dedicate their own picture to the goddefs. There were other Solemnities of this name. See Potter, loc. cit. feq.

HERBA Lucts, in botany, a name by which Some authors have called the chclidonium majus, or great celandine. Ger. Emac. Iha, 2.

Herba Parity Herb Truelove, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, of which there is only one known fpecies ; the characters of which are thefe: The flower coniifts of four leaves, and is of the cruciform kind, and contains four fta- mina; the piftil arifes from the cup, and finally becomes a round Soft fruit or berry, divided into four cells, containing oblong Seeds. Town. Inft. p. 233.

Herba Rojfa, in botany, a name given by Latin writers, to a plant ufed by the dyers in making their yellow colours, and by the women in tinging their hair yellow, which was the fa- vourite colour of antient times. It is alfo by fomc called Ro- bia Herba, It was from tin's Similitude with the word rubia, which Signifies madder, a vegetable ufed alfo in the dying trade, fuppofed to be the fame plant : But all the accounts we have of the robia or Rojfa Herba, Shew it to be different in all refpects from the madder. Paulus /Egineta, who calls it Robia Herba, takes pains to diftmguifh it from the rubia, and ffiews that it was the plant called cecomenium and cymene by the Greeks, and lutum, lutea Herba, and corniola by the Latins. It is the genifta tinctoria, or dyers weed, at this time common both in England and Greece, and ufed in both places in dying yellow. Pliny tells us, that the lutum had the leaves of flax, and the flowers of broom : this Sufficiently fhews, that it was the plant we have mentioned.

Herba Seythjca, in botany, a name by which Some authors have called the common liquorice, the root and infpifSated juice of which are ufed in the fhops. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

Herba Vulcanl, in botany, a name ufed by Some writers for the ranunculus. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HERBER, in the manege, is ufed by farriers to denote an ap- plication for Some difeafes in horfes, particularly of the head and the anticor. It confifts only of a piece of Hellebore root, which, being put into the middle of a horfe's counter, makes it Swell and Suppurate. Guilt. Gent. Diet. p. 1. in voc.

HERBTD^E Veftes, green habits. See the article Earing Veftes.

HERBIVOROUS, an epithet given to thofe creatures which feed only on vegetables, to diftinguifh. them from the carni- vorous, or Such as feed on flefh. g

HERBOSUM Marmor, the name of a Species of marble, much efteemed and ufed by the antient architects and ftatuaries. It was of a beautiful green colour, but had always with it Some call of yellow. It was dug in the quarries of Taigetum, but was efteemed by the workmen the fame in all refptcts, except colour, with the black marble dug at Tamarus in Lacedse- monia, and thence called the TaBnarian marble.

HERCULANIA, in botany, a name by which Some authors have called the verbena or vervain. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HERDS, among zoologifts. Seethe article Jument a.

HERDING, among fportfmen, is the revcrSe of breaking herd. See the article Breaking Herd.

HEREGELD, in our old writers, a tribute or tax levied for the maintenance of an army. See the article Subsidy, Cycl.

HERESY {Cycl.) — It Seems difficult, in the law of England, precifely to determine, what errors amount to Herefy, and what not. The 1 Eliz. which erected the high commiSSion- co.urt, having restrained it to Such as are either determined by Scripture, or by one of the four firft. general councils, or by Some other council, by exprefs words of Scripture, or by par- liament, with the afient of the convocation, thefe rules are, at prefent, generally thought the beft directions concerning this matter. It is agreed that the convocation may and al- ways might declare what opinions are heretical, and that i conviSion before them was antiently a good foundation for tb_ writ De Heretico comburendo ; but 'tis doubted whether they can, at this day, convene and convict an Heretic. A bifliop, but no other Spiritual judge, may puniSh an Heretic by church cenfures ; and a conviction before him was, as Some Say, an. tiently a good foundation for the writ De Heretico com- burendo. _ By the 24 H. 8. if the bifliop neglects to pro- ceed againft an Heretic, the archbiOiop may do it. But the temporal courts cannot punifh an Heretic, as fuch, but only as a difturber ol the public peace ; yet fuch courts may inci- dently take knowledge, whether a tenet be heretical, or not:

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as antiently, where bifhops grounded their commitment of a man, as an heretic, on 2 Hen. 4. which impowered them to imprifon for Herefy ; or even at this day, where a bifhop pleads to a quart impedit, that he reSufed the clerk for Herefy ; in both which cafes the temporal courts will relieve the party, unlefs the particular point, charged againft him, be Set forth, and Such point appear to be heretical. But regularly, the temporal courts cannot determine what is Herefy, and there- fore if a man thinks himfelf aggrieved by a Suit in the Spiritual court, pro falutt anima, for Herefy, his moft proper remedy is by appeal, not prohibition. Antiently an heretic convict, refuSing to abjure, or relapfing after abjuration, might be burnt by force of the writ De Heretico comburendo ; but he forfeited neither lands nor goods. And by the common law, ftill in force, an obflinate heretic may beimprifoned by force of the writ De Excommunicato Capiendo. V. Hawk. P. C. B. 1.

HERM^A, *BfpM«j in antiquity, a feftival obServed in honour of Mercury. There were feveral Solemnities of this kind, Some celebrated in PeloponneSus, others in Basotia, Crete, &c. See Pott. Archseol. Graec. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 896. In Crete, during the celebration of the Herman, the mailers Served their Slaves at table. This cuftom obtained likewife among the Athenians and Babylonians, as alfo among the Ro- mans, witnefs the Saturnalia. Hofm. Lex. in voc. See Sa- turnalia, Cycl.

HERMANNIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, being compoSed of feveral tubular and corniculate leaves, arranged in a circular form. 7"he cup is compofed of only one leaf, and is fwoln like a bladder ; and from it there ariSes a piftil, which finally becomes a roundiSh fruit, which, when ripe, burfts into five parts at the top, and is found to be com- pofed of five capSules, which contain very Small Seeds, Tear?;. Inft. p. 656.

There is only one known Species of this plant, which is the Hermannia, with'oblong ferrated leaves.

HERMAPHRODITE (Cycl.) It is difputed, whether there be any Hermaphrodites among the human Species, altho* many laws have been made in different parts of the world concerning them. Dr. ParSons has given us. a treatiSe on this Subject, where he endeavours to Shew .the notion of Hermaphrodites to be a vulgar error. And, in particular, that the Angola negro, fhewn about this town Some years ago, was a woman, whoSe clitoris was overgrown. See his Mechanical and Critical En- quiry into the nature of Hermaphrodites. Lond. 174.1. 8°. In vegetables, the male and female parts, or the apices and piftillum, are ufuafly contained in the Same flower ; Sometimes in different flowers on the fame plant, and Sometimes, though more rarely, on different plants of the fame Species. In this Iaft caSe the Sexes are diftinct, though the Species is the Same ; and thefe moft approach to the nature of the larger animals : But though thefe have the individuals of diftinct fexes, yet the Smaller creatures of the animal kingdom, have often the two Sexes in the Same individual, and are therefore what we call Hermaphrodites. Of this kind are the common earth- worms, the round worms found in the bowels of men, and other animals, and all the fpecies of Snails and leeches. And as all theSe are of the Softer kinds of infects, and have no bones, it is not improbable but that all the other infects of the fame kind may be alfo Hermaphrodites, as nature is ufuallv very Similar in all her works. Among the infects of the Soft or bonelefs kind, there are great numbers, indeed, winch are So far from being Hermaphrodites, that they are of no fex at all. Of this kind are all the caterpillars, maggots, and worms, produced of the eggs of flies of all kinds ; but the reafon of this is plain; thefe are not animals in a perfect ftate, but difguifes under which animals lurk. They have no bufi- neSs with the propagating of their fpecies, but are to be trans- formed into animals of another kind, by the putting off their feveral coverings, and then only they are in their perfect fiate, and therefore then only Shew the differences of Sex, which are always in the diftinct animals, each being only male, or only female. Thefe copulate, and their eggs pro- duce thefe creatures, which fhew no Sex till they arrive at ' that perfect ftate again. Mem. Acad. Par. 1707. The common earth-worms cafily fhew their Hermaphrodite nature, and manner of copulation, if they are attended to in the Spring SeaSon, in the mornings. Thefe creatures meet one another, and, applying their bodies together, the head of one going toward the tail of the other, and their bodies being joined in right lines ; and in this State a little button or protu- berant part of the one, formed in the Shape of a Small line, is received into a little aperture in the body of the other ; and this, at a little diftancc, has fuch a protuberant part alSo, which is reciprocally received into an aperture in the body of the firft. This is eafily Seen, if two worms in this ftate are taken up, and examin'd in a good light, by pulling them, aSunder. As thefe animals are males in one part of their body, and females in the other ; and, being formed without bone, are capable of moving themfelves eafily, and turning every way about, it is very probable that the fame individual may be able to couple with itfelf, and be the" father and mother of its progeny. This may fcem a Strange fort of generation ; but we are to confider that it only appears ftrange to us, from our

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