Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/865

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different thing from what is called gum ammoniacum at this time, it being yellow and friable, ours whitifh and tough. HELIOTROPIUM, Turn-fole, in the Linnasan fyftem of bo- tany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The cup is a one leav'd tubular perianthium, re- maining when the Bower is fallen, and divided into five fcg- ments at the rim. The flower confifts of one petal, which is a tube of the length of the cup, the rim of which is flightly divided into five fegments of different fizes, the fmaller being pointed and placed alternately with the larger, the opening of the flower being clofed with five prominent fcales, arranged into the form of a ftar. The ftamina are five extremely fhort filaments, fituated in the opening of the flower ; the anthers are fmall and cover'd. The piftillum has four germina. The ftyle is (lender, and of the length of the ftamina ; and the ftigma is rimm'd round the edge. The cup remains unalter'd for the ripening of the feeds, and contains four, of an oval and pointed form. Linnai Gen. Plant, p. 56. See He- liotrope, Cycl.

The characters of Heliotropium, according to Tournefort, are thefe: The flower confifts of one leaf, and is funnel fhaped, and corrugated in the center into the (nape of a ftar, and di- vided into ten unequal fegments at the rim. From the cup there arifes a piftil, which is fixed in the manner of a nail to the lower part of the flower, and is furrounded by four em- bryos, which afterwards ripen into fo many feeds, angular on one fide, and gibbofe on the other, and remaining in the cup till ripe.

The fpecies of this plant, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The large white-flower'd Heliotrope. 2. The great Sicilian Heliotrope, with a large fweet-fcented flower. 3. The great autumnal Heliotrope, with the fmell of jafmine. 4. 7'he middle fized flender Italian Heliotrope. 5. The fmaller creep- ing Heliotrope. 6. The clary-leav'd blue American Heliotrope. 7. The narrower-Ieav'd blue American Heliotrope. 8. The Heliotrope of Curaffo, with leaves like the linum umbilicatum. 9. The woolly fhrub fea Heliotrope, with the appearance of the American cudweed. The Heliotropium tricoccum, ufually accounted one of this genus, is properly a ricinoides. lourn. Inft. p. 138. See Ricinoides and Turnsole. Dale lays, that Heliotrope is ufed in medicine againft cancers, gangrenous ulcers, and itrumous fwellings,

Heliotropium is alfo a name given to the blood-ftone, or lapis htsmatitis. See H^matitis.

HELLEBORINE, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the poly- ' petalous anomalous kind, confuting of fix diffimilar petals, five of which are placed in a fort of orbicular figure; but the fixth, which is the lower one, is imbricated. The cup finally becomes a feed-vefTel, which is pervious by three feneftra, to each of which adheres a valve. The feeds are extremely fmall, and like duff, and the roots are fibrofe.

The fpecies of Helleborine, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe ; 1. The common broad-leav'd Helleborine. 2. The narrower-Ieav'd purple-flower'd mountain Helleborine.

3. The broad-lcavM white-flower'd mountain Helleborine.

4. The narrow-leav'd meadow or marfh Helleborine. 5. The narrow-leav'd meadow Helleborine, with green flowers. 6. The Englifh wild marih Helleborine. Tourn. Inft. p. 436.

HELLEBORUS, Black Hellebore, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the rofaceous kind, being compofed of feveral pe- tals or leaves, arranged in a circular form. From the middle of the flower there arifes a piftil which is compofed of feveral horn-like capfules, and furrounded at its bottom by a vaft number of ftamina. The piftil finally becomes a membra- naceous fruit, compofed of feveral thin capfules, collected into a head, each ending in a fort of horn, and all, when ripe, opening lengthwife, and difcovering roundifh or oval feeds. The fpecies of black Hellebore, enumerated by Mr. Tour- nefort, are thefe: 1. The wild ftinking black Hellebore. 2. The green- flower 'd garden black Hellebore. 3. The larger garden black Hellebore. 4. The broader -leav'd garden black Hellebore. ?. The narrow-leav'd garden black Hellebore, or true rofe-flowered black Hellebore. 6. The large-flowered autumnal black Hellebore. 7. The fmaller Dutch rofe-flowered black Hellebore. 8. The bloody- Ieav'd black Hellebore. 9. The deeply divided-leav'd black Hellebore, 10. The trifoliate black Hellebore, ir. The yellow-flower'd ranunculus-leav'd tuberofe black Hellebore, commonly called the winter aconite. And 12. The crow- foot-leav'd black Hellebore, with fmaller globofe flowers. Tourn. Inft. p. 271. See Hellebore, Cycl.

HELLENODIGflL, 'EwwoSt**., in antiquity, the directors of the olympian games. They affembled in a place called *e?j\h- roXtzaw, in the Elean forum, where they were obliged to re- fide ten months before the celebration of the games, to take care that fuch as offered themfelves to contend, performed their vpoyvfuafffiitTct, or preparatory exercifes, and to be inftrucKd in all the laws of the games by certain men called Nof*.5?>u?.*XEr, i. e. keepers of the laws. And the better to prevent all unjuft practices, they were farther obliged to take an oath, that they would aft impartially, would take no bribes, nor difcover

the reafon, for which they diflikedi or approved of any of. the contenders. At the folemnity they fat naked, having be- fore them the victorial crown, till the exercifes were finrfhed, and then it was prefented to whomfoever they adjudged it. Neverthelefs, there lay an appeal from the Hellenodica to the olympian fenate. Pott. Aichaeol. Ghee. 1. 2. c. 22. T. r. p. 448* HELLENODICiEUM, "Ew^,**,^ in antiquity, the place where the Hellenodicee were ufed to affemblb. See Helle- nodic JE. HELLENOTAMI^E, *Exxw.>V*». in antiquity, Athenian officers appointed to receive the money due from the tributary cities. Pott. Archffiol. Gnec. 1. i- c. 14. They were alio called Hcllenotamiav, EM%„1^i a i 01 . HELLOTIA, 'EA^lia, in antiquity, two feilival?, one of which was celebrated in Crete, in 'honour of Europa, called Hellotia ; the other was celebrated by the Corinthians, with folemn games and races, wherein young men contended, run- ning with lighted torches in their hands. See a farther ac- count of thefe feftivals in Pott. Archseol. Gr.-ec. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 393. HELLOTIS, 'EMwT,r, in antiquity, a myrtle garland, carried in proceffion with Europa's bones at the feftival called Hello- tia. Potter, Archgeol. Grasc. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 393. See Hellotia.

This garland was no lefs than twenty cubits in circumference. HELM, (Cycl.) — Eafe the Helm, at fea. See the article Ease; HELMET Pigeon, the name given to a particular fpecies of pigeon, called by Moore the Golumba galeata. It has its name from its having its head cover'd with a plumage of a diftinct colour from that of the reft of the body, and appear- ing fomewhat like a helmet covering the head. It is a mode- rate fiz'd pigeon, a little bigger than the fpecies called the nun. The head, tail, and flight feathers of the wings, are always of the fame colour, which is either black, red, or yellow, and fometimes, tho' rarely, blue. The reft of the body is all white. They are red eyed, and have no hood like that of the nun, otherwife they approach much to that fpecies. Moored Columbarium, p. 48. HELMINTHAGOGA, medicines contriv'd to deftroy and

expel worms. HELMINTHES, in the medicinal writers, a word ufed to fig-

nify the worms in human bodies. HELMINTHOTHECA, in botany, a name given by Vaillant to a genus of plants, fince defcribed by Linnaeus under the name Picris. See the article Picris. HELMONTII Ludus. See the articleLunus Hclmontii. HELODES, in natural hiftory, a term applied to certain plants, to fignify their place of growth to be in fens, bogs, or marfhy places ; thus a kind of St. Peter's-wort, which is diftinguifhed from the others by being hairy, and growing always in boggy places, is called by Ray and others, afcyrum villofum Hiodes.

In medicine the fame word is ufed as a character i ft ic epithet in certain fevers. Thefe arc fuch as are attended, in their be- ginning, with profufe fweats, which afford no relief; and all the time the tongue is dry, and the fkin hard, and, as if it were, parched. Thefe are ufually of dangerous confequence. HELOPS, in ichthyology, the name of a fifh which often occurs in the old Greek and Latin writers. Ariftotle, ^Elian, Ovid, and others, mention it. It feems to have been the fame with their onifcus and accipefius, which was our fturgeon. Pliny's account of the Helops countenances this opinion. HELOSIS, in medicine, the name of a diforder of the eyes,

attended with an everfion, or turning up of the eyelids. HELOTIS, a name given by fome authors to a difeafe called

pltca polonica. See the article Plica, Cycl. HELOTS, in antiquity, a kind of flaves, among the Lace- daemonians, on whom lay the whole care of fupplying the city with provisions ; the ground was tilled, and all manner of trades managed by them -, whilft their mafters, gentlemen like, fpent all their time in dancing and feafting, in their exer- cifes, hunting matches, and the te?w, or places where good company ufed to meet. Notwithftanding the great ufefulnefs of the Helots, they were treated in a molt barbarous manner, and often murdered without committing any fault, and with- out any mew of juftice. Potter, Archsol. Gnec. 1. 1. c. 10. The Helots were fo called from Helo,, a Laconian town, con- quered by the Spartans, who made all the inhabitants pri- foners of war, and reduced them and their pofterity to the condition above defcribed. HELPESED, in natural hiftory, a name ufed by fome writers

for coral. HELSEBON, an affeaed word, ufed by fome of the chemical writers to exprefs common fea fait, well purify'd by folution and recry realization. HELSINGEGAAS, in zoology, the name given by Hoier, in his epiftle to Clufius, to a fort of Goofe, the head and neck of which are black, the neck having a ring of white round it. The brcaft is white, the wings are grey, the back blue, and the feet red. It is of the fize of a common duck. Mr. Ray much fufpects this account. -Ray's Omithol.

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