Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/863

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laft (lagcs of a HeRic ufually haftens the death of the "perfun ; but in the beginning of the difeafe the fame evacuation often proves a cure.

Method of Treatment, — The vifcous humours collected in the prima; via: are to be attenuated by tartarum vitriolatum and the neutral falts, and the bowels to be kept gently open by clyfters and fmall dofes of manna and the other gentler ca- thartics ; next the acrimony of the ulcerous matter is to he obtunded by the abforbents fated with vegetable acids, as by the crabs-eyes fated with lemon juice; by coral, oiftermells, and the like teflaceous fubftances, fated in the fame manner ; decoctions of pimpernel and of hartfhorn with daify flowers are alfo very ferviceable ; a mixture of fpirit of hartfhorn and tincture of antimony, and powders of coral and diaphoretic antimony, are to be given twice or oftener in a day. Small dofes of the ftorax pill will mitigate the cough, and emulfions of almonds with a fmall mixture of lemon juice will greatly abate the febrile heat. During the whole time the diet muft be nouriihing ; and jellies, ftrengthening ptifans, and milk food are to be taken. Junker's Confp. Med. p. 390. But thefe medicines are not to be continued in an uninter- rupted courfe j nature is to be fometimes eafed of fuch a burthen ; and in fine, the more the difeafe increafes, the fewer medicines are to be given, as there grows lefs and lefs hope of benefit from them.

If a cough attends a Heclic, great relief is ufually found from a linctus of oil of fweet almonds and fyrup of poppies ; or li- quid laudanum may be occafionally given in fmall dofes. The colliquative fweats which attend this difeafe are not to be cured by fuppreffing them violently ; but the patient is io keep himfelf moderately cool, and to take powders of coral, terra lemnia and the other abforbents, and a grain of opium may be added to the quantity of three or four dofes. Whey and the cooling emulfions alfo have their good effects. Gum arable added in moderate quantities to thefe emulfions alfo is of great ufe in checking the diarrhaea, which often attends Hetties; and conferve of red rofes with chalybeated milk are to be taken conftantly to mitigate this fymptom ; and when it is more violent, a dofe of diafcordium difTolved in cinnamon water often proves a very efficacious medicine ; and when the violence of the purging is once flopped by this, it will be kept from returning by the other methods. Heijier^ Comp. Med. p. 115.

The lofs of appetite which ufually attends thefe cafes is to be remedied by bitters, fuch as tinctures of orange-ped, and cortex eleutherii, to which may be added a fmall quantity of the jefuits bark ; and to thefe a fmall quantity of" fpirit of ful- phur or of vitriol may be added, the more immediately to excite the appetite.

HEDERA, Ivy. See the article Ivy.

Lacryma Hederje. See the article IvY-Refin.

HEDERALIS, in botany, a name ufed by RuelHus and fome other authors for the plant called by others Afclepias or fwal- low-wort. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. See Asclepias.

HEDERARIUS Plexus, a fort of reticular plexus formed by the fpermatic vein and artery in their progrefs to the tefticles.

HEDGE (Cyci.) — The hawthorn is allowed the beft of all the Engjifh fhrubp for quick-fet hedges. The beft method of raifing this for ufe, is to put the haws into the ground as foon as ripe, and cover them with earth ; and by the fpring twelve- month the young moots will be of a due fize to tranfplant from the feed-plot into hedge-rows. The crab-tree is a common mixture with the hawthorn in hedges ; but it grows fafter than the hawthorn, and requires cutting to keep the hedge even. The young hawthorns raifed from feed always thrive better than thofe picked up wild in the fields. More- /<?«'sNorthamp. p. 485.

The great confederation in making quickfet hedges is to brin<* the plants from a worfe foil than that in which it is intended to fet them. They muft be about the thicknefs of one's thumb, well rooted and ftrong, and muft be planted about four or five inches out of the ground. If there be a ditch to the hedge, it mould be three foot wide at the top, one at the bottom, and two deep ; and if wider 3 then deeper in pro- portion.

If the bank be without a ditch, the plants fhould be fet in two rows at a foot diltance below one another. The turf is to be laid with the grafs-fide downward on that fide of the ditch on which the bank is defigned to be made, and fome of the beft mould muft be laid upon it to bed thequick ; then thequick is to be laid upon it a footafunder, fo that the end of it may be inclining upwards ; and at equal diftances of thirty foot plant an afh, oak, crab, or elm, to grow with the quick. When the firft row of quick is laid it muft be covered with mould, and the turf laid upon it as before, and fome more mould up- on that ; fo that when the bank is a foot high, another row of fets may be laid againft the fpaccs of the lower quick. Thefe muft be then covered as the former, and the bank is to be then top'd with the bottom of the ditch, and a dry or dead hedge laid, to fhade the under plantation. There fhould then be flakes driven into the loofe earth quite down to the firm ground, at about two foot and a half diftance from each other ; oak-ftakes are accounted the beft of all for this ufe, and the next to this thofe of black-thorn or fallow. Suffl. Vol. I.

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Small bufhes are to be laid below, but not too thick, only to cover the quick from being injur'd as it ihoots. Miller's Gardeners Didf.

To line a Hedge, in military affairs, is to plant mufketteers along it, under cover ; either to fire upon an enemy that is advancing, or to fave themfelves from the horfe, or to defend a pafs or defile.

/^Hedges. See Holly.

HEDYOSMOS, in botany, a name given by fome writers to mint, becaufe of its fweet fmell. "

HEDYPNOIS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe: The flower is of the femi- flofcular kind, being compofed of feveral femiflofcules Hand- ing on the embryo fruit, and inclofed in a common cup, which finally becomes a fruit of the fhape of a melon, and containing two feeds ; the one of which ftands in the middle of the flower, and has a fort of head on it, and the other is umbiheated and ftands at the edge, and is wrapped round in the leaves of the cup. Tournef. Inil. p. 478. There is only one known fpecies of this plant, which is the Hieracbium femine aiunco of authors, the hawkweed with crooked feeds, and is called by others the hawkweed with the bending flower.

HEDYSARUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the charafters of which are thefe : The flower is of the papiliona- ceous kind, and from its cup there arifes a piftil which final- ly becomes a jointed undulated pod, which ufually contains in each joint one kidney-fhaped feed. To this it is to be ad- ded, that the flowers are colleiSted into denfe fpikes. The fpecies of Hedyfarum enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The clypeate Hedyfarum with bright red flowers. 2. The clypeate Hedyfarum, with white 'flowers.

3. The leffer clypeate Hedyfarum, with purple flowers.

4. The annual Hedyfarum, with rough undulated and crook- ed pods. 5. The alpine Hedyfarum, with fmooth pods and purphfh blue flowers. 6. The alpine Hedyfarum, with fmooth pods and white flowers. 7. The trifoliate Canada Hedyfarum. 8. The Indian Hedyfarum, with Tingle paint- ed leaves. 9. The Indian Heilyfarum, with fingle round- ifh leaves. 10. The little two-leaved Hedyfarum, with yel- low flowers, ir. The fhrubby trifoliate Hedyfarum, with

purple flowers and variouily diftorted pods, j 2. The lefler fhrubby trifoliate Hedyfarum. 13. The procumbent trefoil Hedyfarum, with purple flowers. 14. The hairy procum- bent African Hedyfarum. 15. The great annual Hedyfarum of Ceylon, with leaves like the fenfitive plant. 16. The leffer annual Heilyfarum of Ceylon, with leaves like the fen- fitive plant. Teurn. Inft. p. 401.

HEISTERIA, in botany, the name given by Linnaeus to a genus of plants, the chandlers of which are thefe : The pe- rianthium confifts of five leaves, which are lanceolated, crcfl: and pointed at the ends ; thefe are a little ihorter than the petals of the flower, and do not fall with it. The flower is of the gaping kind, and confifts of one petal divided al- moft to its bafe into two fegments ; the upper lip, which is the vexillum, is erect and flightly divided into two oval fegments which gape afunder ; the carina, which is properly the nec- tarium of the flower, is hollow, almoft fhu!, and of a cor- dated form, and forms the lower part of the under lip. The lower lip, which makes the ate, is placed on the fum- mit of the nectarium ; it is divided into two fegments, and hangs down. The ftamina are eight filaments which <rrow at the bottom into an oval membrane, and are of the dia- delphous kind : The antherae are eight in number, and are placed within the nectarium : The germen of the piftil is oval, and is terminated by four oval points^ which clofe to- gether ; among thefe ftands the ftyle, which is of the length of the ftamina, and the ftigma which terminates this is ob- tufe, compreffed, and obliquely bifid. The fruit is a roundifh comprefl'ed capfule terminated by four briftles, which ftand at a diftance from one another, and is compofed of two cells, each containing a feed of an oval figure. Linntei Gen. Plant. P- 341-

HELCOMA, a word ufed by the old writers in furgery, to fig- nify an ulcer.

HELCYDRION, a word ufed by the old writers in medicine and furgery, to exprefs a fmall exulceration, or ulcerous pu- ftule in any part of the body.

HEECYSMA, a word ufed by fome of the old writers to fig- nify the fcorte of filver, called alfo by fome encauma. Diof- corides fays this has the fame virtues with the molybdaena, and that it was in his time ufed like that in plafters.

HELCYSTER, in furgery, a hook ufed to extract the fcetus in difficult parturition.

HELEGUG, in zoology, a name by which the people in fome parts of England call the Anas Aretica Clufu, a web-footcd fowl common on our ihores. See the article Duck.

HELENIUA1 — The Greek writers do not feem agreed about the fenfe of this word. That in which we take it now is plainly no older than the days of Diofcorides, or the time between that author and Theophraftus. It is unqueftionable but the Helemum of the laft author is not what we call by that name. He fays it was an herb ufed in the making of garlands, and the like, and that it had finall and fliort leaves 13 G He