Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/849

 HAN

flexor mufcles of the fingers, the tendons of which pa'fs thro' them. WinfUnft Anatomy, p. 143.

Luxation of the Hand. Hotwithftanding that the Hand is very accurately connected to the ulna and radius* by means of the carpus, and ftrong ligaments, yet it is liable to luxations, and ibmetimes fuffcts them in all directions either outward or in- ward, or on either fide, but is generally not fo eafy to be luxated fideways, as in the other directions, becaufe of the two procefies of the radius and ulna which guard it on each fide. The Hand is faid to be luxated forwards or inwards* when it recedes from the mufcles which bend the fingers, and to be luxated backward, when it departs from the mufcles which extend the fingers. Much in the fame manner alfo the Hand is faid to be luxated outwards, when the carpus makes a tumour near the thumb, and a cavity near the little finger, and to be luxated inward, when the contrary of this happen*. To reduce luxations of the Hand, it muft be fufficicntly ex- tended by two aififtants, one of which is to lay hold of the Hand, and the other of the humerus, pulling in oppofite di- rections; and that part of the extended Hand where the finus is, muft be placed on a flat and even table, that what- ever flicks up may be deprefted into its place; by which me- thod the Handy in whatever part luxated, may be very readily reduced into its natural feat. It alfo fometimes happens, that one or two of the eight little bones of the carpus are luxated and diftorted from their natural feat by fome external violence. When this happens, there will be perceived a tumour in one part, and a cavity in another, which may be perceived by the feeling, as well as by the fight, and the patient will feel very violent pains. This is a luxation very readily and eafily cur'd, by extending the Hand as before directed, and replacing the bone. Heifer's Surg. p. 165.

Hand, in the manege, To make a horfe right upon the Handy and free in the flay or refly he muft be taught to know the Hand by degrees, and gentle methods ; the horfeman muft turn him, or change Hands ; flop him, and manage with dexterity the appui, or preflurc of his mouth, fo as to make him fuffer chearfully and freely the effect of the bit-mouth, without refifting or refting heavy upon the Hand. The fhort, or Hand gallop, teaches horfes to be right upon the Hand.

Hand is alfo found, in many other terms, or phrafes of art be- longing to the manege, as,

To Jlack or yield the Hand, is toflacken the bridle.

To holduPy or fuflatn the Hand, is to pull the bridle in.

To guide a Horfe by the Hand, is to turn or change Hands upon one tread.

Appuiy or flay of the Hand. See Appui.

Beat won the Hand. See Beat andCHACJU

To prefs upon the Hand. See Press.

To change the Hand. See Change.

Effefts of the Hand. See Effects.

Hajlen the Hand.. See Haste.

To feel a Horfe upon the Hand. See Feel*

Full Hakd, or full Reft upon the Hand. Sec Appui and Mouth.

To have Mares covered in the Hand. See Stallion.

To make a Horfe part front the Hand, or fuffer him to flip from the Hand, is to put on at full fpeed.

To make a Horfe part right from the Hand, he fhould not put himfelf upon his back or reins, but bring down his hips.

All Hands. A horfe is faid to turn upon all Hands ; that is not refty for one Hand ; this is called in French entier* See Entier.

fcrt-HAND and Hind-HwD of a horfe, is an expreflion di- ftinguifhing the parts of a horfe, as divided into the fore and hinder parts, by the fituation of the horfeman's Hand. The parts of the fore-hand are the head, the neck, and the fore quarters. Thofe of the hind-hand include all the other parts of the body.

Hand, or Handing, in the fea language. When a thing is to be delivered away, or pafled from one to another, or to be brought to any one, then the word is, hand it this way, or that way. Alfo, when more men are wanted to do any la- bour, as hoifing, csV, they call for more Hands, not more men.

Hand in and out, in our old writers, the name of an unlawful game, now difufed and prohibited by the ftatute 17 Edw. 4. c. 2. Blount, Cowel.

Han D-Barrow, in the military art, is commonly made of hard light wood. It is of great ufe in fortification, for carrying earth from one place to another, and in a fiege, for carrying bombs, or cannon ball, along the trenches, and for feveral other ufes.

Hand-S 1 /*;^, a leaver, or piece of afh, elm, or other ftrong Wood, five or fix feet long, cut thin like a wedge at one end, that it may get the cafier betwixt things which are to be fepa- rated, or under any thing that is to be raifed ; it is better than a crow of iron, becaufe its length allows a better poife. Hand-fpikes are frequently ufed in ihips, as to traverfe the ordnance, to heave withal in a windlafs, to weigh up the anchor, &c.

HANDACOCHA, in botany, a name by which Pliny, and fome other authors, have called the trifoltum bituminofum, or ftinking trefoil. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HANDFUL, (Cycl.) in the manege. Two Handfuls are called, 3

H A R

in French, une jointce, and is as much grain or bran as two hands Will holdj when joined together. A quantity fre- quently ordered to be given horfes.

HANDGRITH, in our old writers, peace or protection given by the king with his own hand. — Hac mitfunt hominem in mifericoridia regis^ infraHio feu violaho pads quam per Ma - num fuamdabit alicui. Leg. Hen. i.

The word is Saxon, from Hunt or Hond, manus, and grub, pax. Blount, in voc.

HANDY Warpy in our old writers, a kind of cloth mentioned in flat. 4 & 5 Ph. & Mar. c. 5, Blount.

HANG BencheSy in mining. See Stows.

HANIG, in our old writers, a term for cuflomarv labour to be performed. Blount, in voc.

HANDLES of a Plough, the name given, by farmers, to the two pieces of the plough fattened to the earth-board, and to the meat, and ferving the plowman to reft his force upon in the guiding of the plow. When they are confidently lofis, the plow is always guided the better, and the land is better tilled ; but the lazy ploWmen are apt to cut them off fhorter, that, by bearing their whole weight upon them, they may, in a manner, ride, inftead of walking. If they fhould ride, in tbis manner, on the long handles, they would tilt up the end of the beam, and raife the plow out of the ground. TuWa Hufbandry.

HANTELODE, in our old writers* fignifies an aneft.

-The word is Saxon from Hani, hand, and load, i. e. laid ; Manus immiffio, becaufe arrefts are made by laying hold on the debtor, bV. Du Gange, Blount.

HAQUE, in our old writers, a little hand^gun, prohibited to be ufed for deftructton of game, bV. by ftatute 33 Hen. 8. c. 6. and 2 & 3 Ed. 6. c. 14. There is alfo the half Haque, or Demi-Haque, within the faid ads, Terms of Law.

HARACH, in the eaftern revenues, is a poll tax laid on the Chriftians and Jews in ^gypt. This had long been in the hands of the janizaries, but of late has got into the power of an officer, called thence the Harach Aga, ferit from Conftan- tinople. Before this the Chriftians paid but a trifle, by capi- tulation with fultan Selim ; and this capitulation the coptis fay they have in their own hands, it was only two dollars and three quarters a head. The great men confented to this, and now they pay either two and three quarters, or five and a half, or eleven, according to their fubftancc, each dollar be- ing about half a crown. The perfons who pay this are thofe only who have arrived at the age of fixteen. Pocock's Egypt,

P- *73-

HARAHA, in botany, a name ufed, by fome authors, for the Gourd. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

HARANKAHA, in the materia mediea, a name by which fome authors have called zedoary. Herm. Muf. Zeylan. p. 50.

HARD Bodies, in natural hiftory. By hard Bodies are under- ftood fuch bodies as are abfolutcly inflexible by any fhock or collifion whatfocver.

This is the common meaning of the term ; but Huygens, by hard Bodies (Corpora dura) meant what others call perfectly elaftic bodies ; for he thus exprelfes himfelf, f^uacunque fit caufa, Corporibus duris, a mutuo contaclu refUiendi cum fe invicem impinguntur j ponimus, cum corpora duo inter fe aqua- tia 3 aquali celeritatBy ex adverfo ac direde fibi mntuo occur- runt, refdire utrumque eadem qua advenit cderitatc. Huyg* De Motu Corp. ex PercufT. Hypoth. 2. But this hypothecs is confiftent only with perfect elafticity, and not with the common fuppofition of hardnefs or inflexibi- lity, which produces no refdition.

The laws of motion for hard bodies are the fame as for foft bodies ; and thefe two forts of bodies might be comprized un- der the common name diunelaflic.

Some who follow Leibnitz's doctrine, concerning the meafure of the moving force of bodies, deny the exiftence of hard or inflexible bodies. And it is fo far true, that no experience ever taught us, that there are any fuch. The hardeft bodies, to appearance, do not preferve their figures in collifion, fuch bodies being only elaftic, yielding to the Ihock, and then re- ftoring themfelves. See s'Gravefand. Phyf. Elem. Math. Defaguliers, Exp. Philof. Mufchenbroek, &c. Mr. Bernoulli goes fo far as to fay, that hardnefs, in the vul- gar fenfe, is abfolutcly impomble, being contrary to the law of continuity. (See Continuity.) For fuppofing two fuch hard bodies of equal mafles, and with equal velocities to meet directly, they muft either flop or return after the collifion. The firft fuppofition is commonly admitted ; but then it fol- lows, that thefe bodies muft inftantaneoufly pafs from motion to reft, without going thro' fucceflive diminutions of their velocities till they ftop. But this is thought to be contrary to the fundamental laws of nature. See Bernoulli Oper. Tom. 3. p. 10.

Hence this author rejeas perfeaiy folid and inflexible atoms, which others think a confequence of the impenetrability of matter. See Maupert. Mem. de l'Acad. de Berlin. T. 2. p, 284.

Hard Horfe, in the manege, is one that is infenfible of whip or fpur.

HARDENING [Cyd.)— Hardening of timber. The Veneti- ans are famous for the foundnefs of their Ihips, which do not