Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/846

 H A I

H A I

are to be boiled in red-wine inftead of water, and this lye is to be ufcd inftead of the other. When the perfon wears powder, let fome hermodactyls be reduced to fine flour and mixed with it : let this be the only powder ufed, and the liquor conftantly employed in wafhing the head every night, and the falling of the hair will be wholly prevented.. Philof. Tranf. N° 288, p. 90. HAiR-Balls, mafles of hair of different fhapes and fizes found- in the ftomachs of cows, oxen, calves, deer, and other ani- mals. Some of thefe are covered with a fmooth, thin, hard, and mining coat or fhell, and others have no covering at all, but fhew the naked hairs on their furfaces. Some are of a chefnut brown, others of an afh-colour, and others of yet different colours. They are often found to ten or eleven in- ches in circumference, fometimes more, but very often much lefs ; fome of them are pretty exactly fpherical, others of the figure of a prolate fpheroide,. others- oblong and comptcfled, and others regularly oval.

Thefe balls are found in one or other of the four ventricles of the animal, and are fometimes voided by ftool. It is very evident that they are formed of the hair of the animal, which it lias licked off and fwallowcd,. and which, by the motion of. the ftomach, which in thefe creatures is very ftrong and fre- quent, is wrought and compacted together very firmly, and the thin, fmooth, and mining coat which is found upon fome. of them, feerris formed of the flimy matter of the ftomach. Among calves, that fome have thefe hair-balls and others not, feems in one refpect owing to their being the firft or later offspring of the creature, fince thofc that fuck of a hei- fer which never had a calf before, have the taking off of a large quantity of hair from the paps. There is always found more or lefs hair in the fourth ventricle of thefe calves that have fucked young heifers, which- has unqueftionably been licked off from the paps, and wafhed down with the milk, and which at times forms thefc balls.- Martian 's Hift. Northampt. p. 451. Hair-CWj*, in military affairs-,, are large pieces of cloth made with half hair ; they are ufed for covering the powder in wag- gons, or upon batteries ; as alfo for covering charged bombs, or hand-grenades, and for many other ufes in magazines. Morfi-HAiK worms. See Amphisb^na. RAiR-wecd, conferva,'m botany, the name of" a genus-of mofies, the characters of which are thefe : it is a water plant, defti- tute of flower and feed, & far. as has hitherto been obferved, and compofed only of ample and uniform filaments, which ufually extend to a great length,, and are often branched, and ufually of a cylindric figure. The generality of authors have fuppofed that thefe are not produced of- feeds, but are formed of fome vifcous or gelatinous matter floating in the water, by mere appofition of parts ; but this feems erroneous, and pro- bably will be hereafter confuted by thedifcovcry of their feeds, as has been already the cafe in the fea fucus's, and in many other genera of plants fuppofed formerly to want them. The conferva are ufually divided-into feveral orders, according to the nature of the filaments they confilt of. Some coniift of equable and even threads, others are knotted or jointed in the manner of a worm, or other fuch infect. Thefe are called the geniculated conferva, to diftinguifh them from the other Ample ones; and, finally, others are compofed as it were of feveral globules joined one to another ; thefe laft are called the knotted conferva. Dilten. Hift. Mufc. p. 11 — 17. Of the firft kind, or Ample conferva, there are twenty-four /pedes: r. The common filky floating conferva, called hairy river weed, and crow filk. This conlifts of very long fila- ments of a mining green. 2. The wide fpreading filky conferva. The filaments of this are broader and thicker than in the former, and are not fo long, but more numerous from the root. Thefe are common in frefh waters both in fpring and furnmer. 3. The fmall byffus-like conferva. This is the imalleft of all the conferva. Its filaments are fhort, flender, or branched,- and of a brown colour. 4. The flippery or flefhy alpine conferva. This is common in mountainous places, in all waters, and confifts of fine and fiender filaments fo clofely arranged, as to make a fort of flefhy mofs. 5. The tender mud conferva. This is of a brownifh or greenifh colour, and- Iies in form of large clufters on the mud of ditches. Its fila- ments are extremely fmall and flender. All thefe are fimple in their figure as well as ftructure, and compofed of fijigle threads. The remaining fpecies of this order are branched. Thefe are, 6. the common forked conferva. This refembles the common conferva, but the ends of the filaments are divi- ded fometimes into two, fometimes into three branches. 7. The white filky conferva. This is of about a hand's breadth long, and is finely divided, and of a filky texture and white colour. 8.- The fennel-like fea conferva. This grows on the rocks in the fea, and fomewhat refembles the leaves of fen. nel. It is of a middle texture between the fucus's and con- fervas, 9. The forked briftly conferva. This is of a dufky green colour, and grows to five or fix inches in length ; it is common in ditches about the Thames. 10. The ditch hair conferva. The filaments of this are three or four inches long. and ufually thick fet and expanded every way ; they are about the thicknefs of a human hair j and are of a dufky green.

11. The ditch cottony conferva. This is of a greenifh co- lour, with fome faint caft of yellow, and grows to a foot or more in length, fending off fhort filaments every where from the main ftems. 12. The white flock fea conferva. This is of a greyifti or greenifh white, and is compofed of filaments fo clofely arranged together, that they are fcarce diftinguifh- able.. 13. The rufty flock fea conferva. This is larger., longer, and of a harfher ftru&ure than the laft, and is of a brownifh- red colour; it grows very common on rocks about the fea coaft. 14. The net-like conferva. This is compofed of flender but fomewhat rigid filaments, arranged into a kind of reticular work ; it is of a faint greenifh colour, and is com- mon in ditches. 15. The velvet mill conferva. This is com- mon on the boards and fides of mill pools, and is ufually very fhort, and of a blackifh green. 16, The rough fibrous river conferva. This is of a fomewhat rigid texture, of a brownifh colour, and hairy on the branches ; it is common in clear waters in auguft. 17. The thready and fpungy ampht bious conferva. This is found fometimes in the water, fome- times at land under old walls. It is of a pleafant green, and compofed of fuch flender filaments that it is not eafy to per- ceive that they are branched. 18. The ihort pale-green river conferva This is very flender, and of about half an inch long, and very much branched or divided ; it is of a pale- green colour, and is covered often with little globules of a whitifh colour, teeming to be the eggs of minute water-in- fefts. 19. The foft long fea conferva. This is of a yellowifht. green, and is fix- or eight inches long ; it grows on ftones- about the fea fhores. 20. The fhort fea-green conferva.. This is diftinguifhed from all the reft by being of a fea-green 9 or bluim green ;. it is fmall and very much branched. 21- The fhort- lock fea conferva. This is very fhort, and its fila- ments- thick fet together, and is frequent on the branches o£ fucus's and other fea plants. 22. The latticed fea conferva. Thi3 is of a dufky whitifh-green colour, and of a cancellated, figure ; it grows on fmall it-ones by the fea fhores,. and is of about an inch and half in length, and very much branched.. 23. The feathered fea conferva. This is of a deep green co- lour, and its brandies are ipr-ead every way, and divided into- a number of filaments,, and hairy all their length. 24. The jelly fea conferva.. This grows to fome fmall pebble, ands fprcads its brandies every way from it ; they are an inch and', half long, and fometimes more, and is of a bright green, and. of a gelatinous texture. The fea-gulls eat this in great quan- tities. Dillen. Hift. Mufc. p. 17—29.

Of the fecond order, or the geniculated conferva, there are fourteen kinds. 1, The marfh geniculated thready conferva. This is. of a yellowifh white colour, and of the thicknefs of a. coarfe thread, and of a foot or more in length. 2. The branched geniculated river co?iferva. This is fhort and of a. fine green. 3. The link.-jointed conferva. This grows ire thick- tufts, and affords a lodging for fmall fhell- fifh ; the fi- laments are thick, and the joints long; it grows on ftones- about the Bahama iflands. 4. The river. conferva with branch- ed ends, called the river beard. This grows to three inches long, and its filaments ftand very thick, and are of a dufky brownifh green. 5. The branched hairy fea conferva, called, the fea beard. This refembles the former, but is of a deeper green,, and more branched. 6. The fpreading fea beard. This is fometimes of a deeper, fometimes of a paler green,, and is very much branched, and the genicular very obvious and evident ; it is common on fmall ftoncs on the fea coafts. 7. The clufter conferva. This is very full of branches, and of a pale green ; it grows in frefh waters. 8. The woolly fea c-onferva. This is very much branched, and has its filaments divided into numerous flender branches,., which are fo inter- woven as to refemble a lock of wool ; it is common in Kalt- water ditches. 9. The fine filky river conferva. This feldom- exceeds three inches in length, and its filaments are divided at their ends into numerous fhort and extremely fine threads. i-O. The palmated fea conferva. This, ufually grows upon the fucus's and other fea plants, and is of a brownifh oreen. 11. The larger gelatinous coralline-like fea conferva. This is- whitifh and pellucid, and much refembles fome of the coral- lines in its external figure. 12. The finer flippery coralline- like fea conferva. This is of a tougher texture,, and finer ra- mification than the former ; it is ufually of a purplifh-red co- lour, and fometimes of a greenifh or whitifh. 13. The more branched jointed fea conferva. This grows to about four in- ches long, and- is of a reddifh colour, and fhews its joints very remarkably. 14.. The hollow fea conferva. This is from two to four inches long, its branches inordinately difpofed, and all much branched ; it is common on the coaft of Corn- wall.

Of the third order, or the knotted conferva;, there are only eight known fpecies. 1. The flippery red fea-pearl conferva. This is a very elegant little plant, and ufually grows upon the fucus's and other fea plants. 2. The flippery coralloide- like fea conferva. This grows like the coralloide moffes, forming a fort of fhrub ; it is of a beautiful red colour, and is common on the coafts of the Ifle of Man, and in fome other places. 3. The larger moufe- coloured frog's fpawn conferva. This grows to ftones and flicks in frefh-water rivers, and is

three