Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/840

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HADRIANI5T3, Hadrianlfte t in church hiftory, heretics who followed the errors of Simon Magus. Hoffm. Lex. in voc.

H^EMACHATES, the Blood-coloured Agate, in the natural hiftory of the antients, the name of an agate found at this time in the Eaft Indies and in fome parts of Germany, and called by Dr. Hill achates fanguineus variegatus- * or the blood-coloured variegated agate.

It is one of the moft beautiful of the agate kind, affif' was extremely well charactered by the name the antients gave it, be- ing always of a fir-qng and deep red like that of blood. Often, it is only of this plain and fingle colour throughout the mafs, but more frequently it is found- beautifully variegated with a pale blue, and with brown ; the blue in this cafe always fur- rounding the red, and appearing like the ferum which feparatcs from and floats about the bloody when it has been fume time out of the body. The brown or hair colour is often the ba- ils or ground colour of the ftonc, and the red in fpots only,. and variegations, furrounded with this thin bluifh colour ; it is very hard, and takes a fine pollifli, and is cut into the tops of fnufF-boxcs and other toys, and much valued by our lapida- ries. Hill's Hilt, of Foil", p. 472,

tL'EMAGOGOS, the name of a medicinal compofirion def- erred in Myrepfius, and intended to bring away the lochia, or. forward the menftrual difcharges; it confifts of black hellebore and the fxtid gums with honey.

H./EMALOPS, a term ufed by many authors fur that blacknefs which appears about the eyes from blows ; but Hippocrates ufes it to exprefs a black thick, and feculent blood overfpread-- ing the chorion in the formation of the foetus, and rejected af- terwards as of no ufe,. and difchurged into the fpace between the uterus- and chorion.. Some authors alio ufe the word, for fpitting of blood.

HiEMANTHUS, in botany, -the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which arc thefe. The flower is of the mono- petalous lilliaceous kind, and is divided into fix fegmejits. The cup finally becomes a feed vefTel compofed of three cells and containing a number of oblong feeds. To this it is alfo to be added, that the flowers are collected into a head, and furrounded with little leaves at their baft*. %urnef. Inft. p. 657.

There is only one known fpecics of this- plant, which is the African Httmanthus^ called by fome the cape tulip, and. by others the fcarlet Indian narciiius.

The feafon for tranfplantmg the bulbs of this plant is in May or June, when the leaves are decay'd ; they may be kept out of the earth at this feafon three or four months, but it is more advifeable to pfcmt them fooner, as they always flower the ftronger for it. Their foil is half a fine hazcli earth and half old rotten dung;- in September they muft be removed into a moderate Rove, and watered gently at times : they flower in thedepth of winter.

B/EMATI TES, {Cycl) in medicine, js accounted aftringent and defteeative. Its dofe in hemorrhages is from ten grains to five and twenty. It is alfo ufed in diftemperatares of the

_ eyes. Hu'l, Hiit/Mat. Med. p. 10.

H^EMATION, a word ufed among the antients, for a fort of reddifh garon, made of the intcfthies and blood of fifties mace-' rated in fait.

1L*EM ATOCELE, a fpecles of rupture where the fwelling con- tains blood.

H^MATOCHYSIS,. a term ufed by Willis and fome others

for an haemorrhage. Ti/FMATOPUS, in zoology, a bird called by others the pica marina, or fea-pye. This, in the LimiiEan fyftem of nature, make a diftincl genus of birds of the order of the fcolopaces; the d i ft ingui thing characters of which are, that the toes are three in number on each foot, and the apex of the bill in form of a wedge. Linnai Syftem. Natulan, p. 47.

Hai.matopus Ardea, the rcd-leg'd heron, a very beautiful; bird common in Itaiy, and called by the antients cirris ; it is one of the fmalleit of the heron kind, and is of a yel- lowifli chefnut colour. it«>'3 Ornithology, p. 206. See the article Cirris.

H/EMA'I OXYLUM, in botany, the name by which Linnsus calls the tree which produces the logwood, called by Sir Hans Sloan camptchia. The general characters of this tree are thefe : 'Hie perianthiurn confifts vi one leaf divided into five feg- ments of an oval figure, which do not fail with the flower ; the flower coiififts of five oval petals fomewhat larger than the fegments of thecup. The ilamina are ten fubulatcd filaments longer than .the flower ; the anthers arc fmall ; the germen of tlie piltil is oval and oblong,, the ityle is fimple and of the length of the ilamina, and the ftigma is thick and emargi- nated : The fruit is an obtufe pointed capfule compofed of two carinated valves, and containing only one cell in which are fome oblong flatted feed*. Lhnwi Gen. Plant, p. 184. Sloan, Jamaic. V.2. T- 20.

Hj-EMIO*NIUM, in botany, a name by which Diofcorides calls the afplenium.

H/EMITYBION, in the writings of the antients, a linnen piece of apparel fringed on both fides. Others call it a foft kind of.. handkerchief to wipe off fweat; but Galen makes it fig- nify a thick piece of linnen cloth. In this lie has an eye ts

fome paflages of Hippocrates where the word feems plainly to be ufed in that fenfe ; others of the antients have alfo ufei" it exactly in the fame meaning.

H^MOCENCHRUS, in medicine, a term ufed by fome of the old writers for a fpiting of blood, attended with a ratling noife in the nofe and fauces.

H/EMODIAy a ftupor of the teeth, caufed by auftere and aoid fubftances.

HjEMOPTOS,, in medicine. See Haemoptysis, Gycl. and Suppl

HEMOPTYSIS, or Hjemoptoe (Cycl)— This diforder is by fome confounded with the fputum cruentum, or bloody fpit, but very improperly, fmce in this cafe the blood is thrown up pure and florid from the lungs, and that without any violent efforts : Whereas in the other the faliva is only thrown out tinged or ftrcaked with blood, and that with, much trouble and laborious hauking ; and fomctimes a flight erofionoftbe gums or. fauces tinging the faliva with blood, makes what is thus called.. The Hamoptyfts differs alfo from the vo- miting of blood., in that the blood is arterial and unmixed and voided without emotion, and with a little cough ; whereas- in the other cafe there is always- a {training to vomit,, and the blood is venal, and ufually coagulated, and there is no cough.

Signs of it. The ILvmcptyfs- is generally preceded by a fen- fation of oppletion and narrownefs of the breaft ; or more ta- citly by a fort of itching or- titillation felt all along the atpcra arteria ; and in moft cafes there is a dry, and not very violent or trou'blefome cough, for fome time before. Sometimes,. however, the blood is voided without any of thefe antecedent fymptoms, and only with a fenfation of fomething warn* coming up out of the breaft to the mouth.

Pa-fats jubjcSi to it. This is a cafe that more rarely happens than molt other of the complaints of the lungs, and the per- fons afflicted with it are principally young men between eigh- teen and twenty-five ; it very rarely happens after thirty,. and principally affects pcrfons of a plethoric habit, or fucli as ufe high feafoned food. Women are more fubject to it than mcn r from the frequent difturbanccs nature meets with' in the menflrua! difcharges ; and' people who are aecuftomed' to loud fpeaking or fmging, are fomctimes afflicted with it from the violent diften'tions they give, the vcflels of the breaft. Sometimes alio it feizes perfons who have changed an active life tp a' fedentary one ; and more than any others thofe who have had fome other haemorrhage?, or natural and habitual evacuation, flopped upon them, without having the caution ta bleed or evacuate properly on the occafion. jariker's Confp-. Medic, p. 28.

Ca;sf?$ of it. Youth and a plethoric habit, with too great a derivation of the blood upon the lungs, are fomctimes the na- tural caufl-s of this ; but external accidents frequently concur, or alone bring it on: Such are ail violent {trainings of the breaft ; violent attempts to lift or. carry burthens to which the body is .not aecuftomed, blowing vehemently in the playing on trumpets and other wind in ft ru merits, violent paffions, as anger, csV. and violent motions in wrcftling, running, jump- ing,, or the like ; violent coughing may alfo bring it on ; but this is not the cafe fo often as is fuppoft-d, the cough attend- ing this diforder and.fuppofed to be the caufe of it, being, ufually only a fyrrtptom of it. "

Progfiojlich frdm it. This is a diforder of the utmoft confe- quencc, and is 1 by far the moft dangerous of all hemorrhages ;. and tho' the quantity of blood voided is feklom fo great as to- lling on fudJcn death, yet what remains' extravafated in the lungs cafily corrupts there, and brings on a phthifis of which death is the confequence." The me of violent aftringents is often the caufe of this alfo, where nature would have efcaped it..

The method of cure. When the quantity of blood brought up is fmall, and the fymptoms not violent, fuch things only are to be given as quiet the violent emotions of the blodd ; fuch are nitre, and cinnabar made into powders with crabs eyes or any other abforbent : If the eafc k more violent, a gentls anodyne or opiate may be added, fuch as the pill de ftyracc,. or d» cyhogloifo. In more violent cafes, where the attcnipe- raring medicines take no effect, the milder aftringents arc to be ufa] ; or if the urgency of the fymptoms make it ncceffary » even the ftronger ; but with thefe there ihould always be givca ., a gentle opiate; the antunonia! crocus of fteel, and the vi- triolic colcothars, may then be given with the ftorax pill. Revulfion muft alfo be attempted, by diaphoretics, bleeding in the foot, and clyfters, arid gentle purges; and finally the- cure is to be compleatcd by pectorals and detergents. Junker's Confp. Med. p. 30.

If a fuppreffion of the rnenfes, or hemorrhoidal difcharges, have been the caafe of the diffemper, great care is to be tiken to bring them on rcgulaflv again, by bleeding in the foot, apply- ing leeches to the hemorrhoidal veflTels, and the like means. Authors diftinguifh an Hamsptoc into a great many fpecics, fucli as.anaftomofis, diaircfis,diapedc)is, rixis, and diabrofis; and write a great deal of the different caufes of thefe H&msptoes, and of the figns by which they are to be diftinguifhed. But a late author thinks this of little importance. He thinks it moff advan- tageous to confider a lla:mcptoe limply as a prteternafurat efflux of blood, and as fueh it agrees with the hsemorrhage