Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/836

 GUR

the limb at once, not to fpend time in fruitlefs attempts to j make a cure.

If a large artery is wounded by the ball, either in the arms or legs, which will be known by the lofs of blood, the tour.- nequet muft be applied, and the blood being itopt, the vcfiel mull be taken up by a crooked needle; but if this cannot be done, or little hopes of a cure appear from future drefs- ings, it will be prudent to take off the limb juit above the wound. When wounds of this kind have been well clean- ed, and the blood flopped, the firft intention is to ufe the utmpft endeavours to prevent, or aflwage the tumor and in- flammation. The wound fhould be drefled with lint dipped " in warm fpirit of wine, and covered with a comprefs wetted with the fame liquor, or with camphorated fpirit of wine, either alone, or diluted with lime water. Having done this, the next intention is to forward the fuppuration of the bruif- ed and torn parts ; to which end, it is common to ufe the common digeftive made of turpentine diflblved in the yolk of an egg, or a mixture of bafilicon and Arcseus's liniment, foftened with fpirit of wine and oil ; and where there is a very great corruption of the parts, a little myrrh and aloes are to be added, as alfo Venice treacle, the brown oint- ment ; and, where the occafion requires it, and the nerves do not lie bare, a little of the red precipitate. In deep wounds, where the ball has gone quite through, a fkein of thread being drawn through the eye of a blunt needle, and well faturated with the digeftive ointment, is to be palled through the wound in manner of a feton, and kept there till the wound is found in a condition to heal, and then the common methods purfued to heal and cicatrize. Heijier's Surg. p. 51.

GUNWALE, or Gunnel of a fh'tp, is that piece of timber which reaches on either fide of the fhip, from the half deck to the fore-caflle, being the uppermoft bend, which finiflies the upper works of the hull in that part, and wherein they put the ftanchions which fupport the wafte-trees. This is called the gunwale, whether there be guns in the fhip or not. The lower part of any port, where any ordnance are, is alfo termed the gunwale.

GUR, in mineralogy, a word nfed to exprefs a fluid matter looking like milk, but reduced fometimes, by Evaporation, to the confidence of honey, and appearing in form of a' ■ white fediment. It always contains more or lefs filver, and is common in the mines of Sweden, and in fome other places. Bro?nell. de Lapid.

GURGEATIO, a name by which fome authors have called that peculiar difeafe, fo fatal in England at one time, and commonly called fudor Anglicus, from the violent profufions pf fweat which appeared immediately on being feized with it. See Sudor, Cycl.

GURGULIO, in natural hiftory, a name given by the an- tients to a peculiar clafs of fcarab&i, or beetles ; the cha- racters of which are, that they have not a fhort he^d like the other beetles, but a long one, forming a trunk in the manner of the common flies : in this the horns, or antenna; of the creature are lodged. Thefe are divided by Lifter into two kinds ; the one having only one joint in this promufcis, or fnout, and that placed in, or near the middle ; the other having feveral placed near the end. Of the firft kind we have only two fpecies. 1. The great rough grey and black beetle. This is a very large fpecies of beetle. Its frtout, or promufcis is lodged under the belly, where there is a cavity made to receive it. It is all over covered with a fort of tu- bercles. When caught it makes a mournful noife ; and is a very large creature, never loving to move. It is a very fcarce animal, but is found in fome places among willows by river fides in the beginning of April. 2. The brown hoary beetle. This is a middle fized beetle, and is very common in pa- ftures, in moft of the fummer months. Of the other kind, in which the promufcis has feveral joints at the end, we have five fpecies; and in all thefe, as well as in the former, the antenna? are inferted in the promufcis. 1. The great reddifh black beetle. This is a very large beetle ; it has long and flender antenna?. 2. The fcarlet beetle. This is of about the fize of a horfe bean, and its colour is all over a bright red. It is a very fcarce fpecies. 3. The fmall blueifh beetle, called the weevil. This is too well known, and is much too frequent among corn in granaries. 4. The greenifh gold beetle. This is a middle fized beetle ; its pro- mufcis is fhort, and its antenna? very long. This is found frequently among nettles in June. 5. The little grey beetle with two large black fpots on its wings. This is a very fmall fpecies. It is of a chefnut colour, fprinkled over as it were with a whitifh powder. It is common in June on the leaves of the verbafcum album, or white mullein. Ray's Hill. Infect. „ P- 395-

GURNARD, a fea fifh, of which there are feveral fpecies.

See the article Cuculus. The grey Gurnard is the moft common kind ; it is frequent in the Britifh feas, and elfewhere, and efteemed a very well tafted fifh. This is of a long flender fhape. Its back is of a dufky green, marked with black fpots, and with yellow and white ones. The fide lines are dotted, and rough; under 3

GYM

thefe the fides are of a pale colour, and variegated with nu- merous white fpots. The belly is white. The head is large, and is covered with a fort of boney plates ; the upper one of which runs out behind into two fharp prickles. The fnout has alfo two horns, each having four or five little thorns, or teeth, and there are alfo two others before each eye. The mouth is large, and the teeth very fmall. Its gill fins are not fo large, as in many others of this kind ; and its back has a cavity between two rows of pointed bones. IVillugbby, Hift. Pifc. p. 279.

Red Gurnard, an Englifh name given to the fifh called by authors in general the cuculus, and by fome, coccyx, lyra, and capo. It is properly a fpecies of the trigla, according to the new Artedian fyftem, and is diftinguifhed from all the other fpecies, by the name of the wholly red trigla with the fnout lightly divided into two horns, and the opercula of the gills ftriated. This is an inftance of the value of the Artedian names ; this conveying fo good an idea of the fifh, that it cannot be miftaken, and the others conveying none at all. See Tab. of Birds, N° 46. and the article Cuculus. This red fpecies is what we fometimes fimply call the gur- nard, and fometimes the ratchet.

GUROUNDI, in zoology, the name of a fmall Brafdian bird, frequently kept in cages for its fmgingj and more con*- monly called teltei. See Teitei.

GUTS. It is obferved in the diffeclions of many of the beafts of prey, that the guts are very remarkably fhort in compari- fon of thofe of other animals. The lion and the lynx are of this number; the guts being in thefe only of three times the length of the body. This argues fpeedy digeflion, and great voracity in the creature. Ouvrages, Adopt. Acad. Par. Vol. 1. See Intestines.

GUTTA (Cycl.) — Gutt;e anglicance. See the articleDROPS.

Gutta rofacea. SeeBuTiGA.

Gvtt A ferena. The proximate caufc of a gutta ferena is, ac- cording to Hoffman % and other eminent phyficians, a palfy of the optic nerves. — [ a Oper. Tom. 3. p. 228.] The mediate caufes of this diforder may, as in other ner- vous cafes, be referred to two kinds, repletion, and ina- nition.

To the firft belong all fuch caufes as encreafe the blood too much, or force it with too much violence into the Iiead. Thus too great motion ; immoderate hot bathing; violent fits of anger; deficiency of the menfes ; and fpafms in the lower parts forcing the humours upwards, as it fometimes happens to women in labour ; and by vomits. All thefe caufes, as alfo the repulfion of humours appearing on the fkin, and drying up of ulcers ; the tranflation of morbid matter in malignant fevers, fma!I-pox, or phrenfy ; and the improper ufe of mercurials ; have been known to bring on a gutta ferena ; fometimes indeed only tranfitory, and fome- times curable, by evacuations, as bleeding, £sV. To the fecond kind, belong all immoderate effufions of the vital juices. Thus great haemorrhages ; bloody vomits \ pro- fufe bleeding ; and, above all, early and immoderate venery ; have been obferved to produce blindnefs, extremely diffi- cult, if not impoffible, to cure. See Hoff. Oper. Tom. 3. p. 228. feq. See Blindness, Cycl. and Suppl. Mercurials, and antimonials, have been known to cure the gutta ferena. Pitcairn recommends "calomel ; and Hoffman the fulphur of antimony.

GUTTUROSUS pifcis, a fmall fifh common in the Medi- terranean, and brought to market at Rome, Venice, and elfe- where ; and called, in different parts, gotorofala, goitorughu, and gotta di mare. Willughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 132.

GUY, in a fhip, is any rope ufed to keep off things from bearing, or falling againft the fhip's fide, when they are to be hoifed in. Thus, if any thing is to be haled in over the gunwale, it is gently eafed in by a guy-rope, faftened ufu- ally to the ftanchions of the wafte-trees. That rope alfo which is made faft to the fore-mail at one end, and is reeved through a finglc block, feized to the pendant of the winding tackle, and then again reeved through another, feized to the fore-maft, and whofe ufe is to hale forward the pendant of the winding tackle, is called a guy.

GWABR-MERCHED, in our old writers, a Britifh word fig- nifying a payment, or fine, made to the lords of fome ma- nors, upon the marriage of their tenants daughters ; or other- wife, on their committing incontinency. Blount, See Marchet, Cycl.

GYLPUT, in our old writers, the name of a court held every three weeks, in the liberty or hundred of Pathbew, in the county of Warwick. Inquifit. ad quod damn. 13 Ed w. HI. Blount.

GYLTWITE, in our old writers, a compenfation or amends for trefpaffes, E5V. Mulfia pro tranfgreffione. LL. Edgar, regis, anno 964. Terms of Law.

GYMNASTES, r^ar^, among the antients, an officer in the antient gymnafium, next in authority to the gymnaft~ arch and Xyjiarch. Hoffm. Lex. in voc.

GYMNASTERIUM, Tv^n^m, See Coriceum.

GYMNOCRITHON, in botany, a name given by fome

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