Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/832

 G U A

G U I

tough /kin, rough on the back, and fmooth on the belly. It is of a reddifh brown colour, and fpotted all over with large black fpots. Marcgrave Hift. Braf. p. 131.

GUARA, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird, called by Clufius, Numemus hdtcus, or the Indian Curlew. It is a large bird, of the fize of the platea, or fpoonbill, and lives about waters : its beak is long, and of a whitifh grey, figured like a Polifh fword: the tail is fhort, and is hid by the wings when they are clofed. It is all over of a fine gay red, only that the long-wing feathers are tipped with black at their extremities, and there is fomcthing very remarkable in its growth, for it is black when firft hatched from the egg, from this it becomes greyifh, and from this at length changes to its fine red. Marcg?-a7je'sHii}:. Braiil.

GUAR AC APE MA, in zoology, a name ufed by fome for the fifh more ufually called the dorado, or auratus pijeis. . Mangrove's Hift, Brafil. See the article Dorado.

GUARA TEREBA, in zoology, the name of an American fifh of the cuculus kind, approaching to the nature of the tra- churus, and which Mr. Ray thinks may properly be called the trachurus BrafiHenfis, or the Brafilian fcad. It is ufually of about four or five inches in length, its head is obtiife, and its mouth furnifhed with very fmall teeth. The fide lines towards the tail are armed with prickly hooks, all pointed backwards. The tail is divided into two horns. Its fcales are of a triangular figure, and are fo fmall, that it is very fmooth to the touch. It is of a greenifh glofiy hue, very bright and glittering ; the lower parts of its fides and its belly are yellow, but with a white glofs among it. The belly fins are white, the tail and the reft: of the fins are yel- low. It is eaten in Brafil and other American countries. jRays Ichthyog. p. 29L

GUARAUNA, in zoology, the name of a fmall Brafilian bird common in watery places, and of the fize of our fnipc. Its bill is ftrait, but a little hooked at the end, and is be- tween four and five fingers breadth long. Its body is about the fame length, and its legs fix fingers long. It is all over of a dufky brown, with an admixture of a call: of greenifh. It is a well tailed bird. Marcgrave^ Hift. Brafil.

GUARIBA, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecics of mon- key found in the Weft-Indies. It is of the fize of a fox,* Its face is railed high, its eyes are black and mining, and its ears fmall and round. Its tail is very lone, naked toward the end, and extremely moveable ; the creature frequently twilling it round things to faften itfclf by it. It is covered all over with fine black mining hairs, except on the legs and part of the tail where they are brown. The hairs are fo nicely difpofed all over the body, that the creature appears perfectly fmooth ; and they are much longer under the chin and throat, fo that they form a fort of beard there. Ray's Syn. Quad. p. 152.

This fpecies is found in prodigious numbers together in the woods, and makes a very loud and frightful noife ; and it is very common for one only to make a noife, and all the reft to form a mute aflembly round him. Marcgrave relates a very lingular thing of this creature, in this refpect, which he fays he has frequently been an eye-witnefs to. They, meet in great numbers before and after mid-day, when they form a large circle, and one placing himfelf above the reft, begins to. make a loud noife ; when he has fung thus by him- felf for fome time, the reft all remaining in perfect filence, he lifts up his hand, and they inftantly all join in a fort of chorus ; this intolerable yell they keep up inceflantly, till the fame monkey, who gave the fignal for their beginning, lifts up his hand a fecond time, on which they all ceafe and become filent again in a moment. He then exalts his pipe alone again, and fo finifhes the bufinefs of the aflembly. Thefe creatures carry their young upon their backs, and fkip very nimbly with them from tree to tree, the youn* ones clafping faft round their body with their arms. They are a very fierce animal, and can never be tamed. There is a fpecies of this kind alfo much larger than thefe, which have a very Jong black hairy beard. Thefe, as Marcgrave allures us, on his pofitive knowledge, will often attack the negro women as they go through the woods, and lie with them by force.

GUARUGUARU, in zoology, the name of a fmall Ame- rican frefh water fifh, feldom exceeding an inch and half in length, and of a very flender body: its head is flatted, its eyes very fmall, with very black pupils, and yellow iris's. It has only five fins, two at the gills, two under the belly, and one on the hinder part of the back. Irs tail is fmall and rounded. It is covered with extremely minute fcales, and all its upper part, both back and head, are of a dufky olive colour, till near the tail ; where, as alfo on the fides, it is of a fine yellow, and on the edges of the fcales of a dufky amber colour. The belly and under part of the head are of a filvery white ; near the tail it has alfo on each fide a large black fpot. It is eaten, though very fmall, being very well tailed. It is caught in abundance in lakes and ponds Marcgrave's Hift. Brafil.

GUASSEM, a word ufed by Avicenna, and fome other au- thors, to exprefs certain black fcorbutic fpots and blotches appearing on the fkin.

GUATUCUPA, in zoology, the name of a fea fifh caught about the Brafilian fhores. It grows to about two feet long - its back is a little elevated^ its mouth fmall, and be'fet with fharp teeth. It has only one long fin upon the back, the rays of which are rigid and prickly. Its fcales are of a fine filvery white, and its back and fides are variegated with ftreaks of a fine brown ifh yellow^ and others of a glofiy filvery red* thefe are not tranfvcrfe; but run from the head to the tail 5 and befide thefe, there is the common line on each fide, reaching from the gills to the tailj which is ele- vated above the furface of the body. Its head is of a mixt colour, of whiter yellow* and a reddifh brown. Its fins all white, except the tail, which is of a reddifh brown 1 Its belly is white. It is caught among the rocks 4 and is an ex- tremely well tailed fifh. Ray's Ichthyog. p. 338. Marc- grave, Hift. Braf. IVillughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 338.

GUATUCUSA, in zoology, the name of an American fifh, approaching to the nature of the coracinus of the Medi- terranean, and called by fame coi-v^tna. It is of an oblong fhape. Its back is a little prominent, but its belly perfectly flat and even. Its ufual length is from twelve to twenty- inches. Its mouth is large; its nofe pointed, and the lower- - jaw longer than the upper. Its teeth are very fmall. It has feven fins ; two behind the gills, two on the belly, one long one behind the anus, and one long, high, and triangular on the back. This is fupported by very rigid nerves, and behind this there is a long and low one, ex-* tended to the tail. Its tail is large and broad, and of a fomewhat fquare figure. Its fcales are very fmall, and it appears foft to the touch. It is all over of a filvery white- nefs, except that on the back there is a flight admixture of yellow. Its belly, its tail, and all its fins, are of a pure white ; and its fide lines, which run ftrait from the gills to the tail, are of a filvery whitenefs. It is caught on the Brafilian fhores, and is a very delicate fifh. Marcgrave^ Hift. Braf.

GUAZAMA, in botany, the name of an American tree, de- fcribed by Plumier as of the nature of the cacao. They are both fpecies of the theobroma of Linnaeus, but the guazama is peculiar in the ftruilure of its fruit, which is of a fome- what globular figure, full of tubercles and perforations on the furface, and yet divided into five lodgments for feeds within. Plum. Nov. Gen. 18.

GUDGEON, in ichthyology, the Englifh name of the fifh called by authors the gobio, and gobltis f.uviatilh. Accord- ing to the new Artedian fyftem, the word gobius is made the name of another genus of fifties, and the gudgeon is reduced to the genus of the cyprini j of which, according to the diftinctions and characters of that author, it is a true fpecies. See Gobius and Gobio.

Gudgeons, in a fhip, is ufed for the eyes driven into the ftern poft, into which the pintles of the rudder go, to hang it on.

GUEBUCU, in zoology, the name by which fome have call- ed the fifh more ufually known by the name of the bicau- da, a kind of fword fifh. Marcgrave's Hift, Braf See the article Bicauda.

GUESDA, in botany, is properly the name of woad, but it is alfo ufed by fome for the lutum, or lutea berba of the Ro- mans, and cymene of the Greeks. This is an error in too many of the old authors, though fo palpable, that one would have thought no body could have run into it ; the lutum, or cymene, having been always ufed to dye yellow, and the glaftum, or gucjda, to dye blue ; and the characters of the lutum, or, cymene, plainly fhewing it to be our ge- ntjmla tinSioria, or dyers weed, but not at all agreeing with the glaftum, or woad.

GUEST-rope, on fhip-board, is that rope by which the boat is kept from Jieeving, or going too much in and out, as (he lies in the tow of a fhip.

GUIANA bark, in the materia medica, the fame with what is otherwife called fima-rouba. See Si ma -re uba.

GUIDA, in the Italian mufic, the guide, or leading voice or inftrument, in fugues. The parts, that are to imitate and follow, are faid to be in cortfsquenza. Brofs, Muf. Diet, in voc. See Fugue, Cycl.

GUIDONIA, in botany, the name given by Plumier to the plant, called afterwards by Linnaeus, famyda, and fuppofed to be allied to the melia. See Samyda.

GUILANDINA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants called bouduc by Plumier, who firft gave the defcription. The characters are thefe. The feveral plants are fome male, others female. The male has a one-leaved perianthium lightly divided into five fegments, and fulling oft" with the flower. Its lower part is a cylindric tube, marked with ten ftrias. The margin is concave, and the fegments very fmall. The flower is compofed of five petals, which are equal in fize, and are hollow, feflile, and inferted into the mouth of the calyx, and are a little larger than its fegments. The {la- mina are ten ereft pointed filaments ; they are inferted into the cup, and are fhorter than it, and are alternately fmalter one than another. The apices arc obtufe, and incumbent. The fruit, which fucceeds the,fema!c flowers, is a pod of a rhomboidal form, with a convex future on the upper part ; it is fmooth, inflated, but fomewliat comprefled, and con- tains,