Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/816

 GOO

G O R

name of nux maris. GONGOLARA, in botany, a name by which Imperatus has called a very beautiful fea plant, known among, botani- cal writers by the "name of fucus er'tces foliis, or erica ma- rina, the fea heath. See Erica Marina. GONGRONA, a word ufed by many authors to exprefs a round and hard tubercle in the trunk of a tree : it is alfo 'ufed in medicine to exprefs any round and hard tumour of the nervous parts, but principally a broncbocele. ! GO^GRUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Elian, Ap- pian, and fome other of the Greek writers to the conger, or fea eel.
 * vrirers cymbium, and the firft is generally known by the

GONIOMETRICAL lines, in geometry, lines ufed for mea- furing or determining the quantity of angles. Such are, fines, tangents, fecants, verfed fines, &c. We have a paper by Mr. Jones in the Philofophical Tranf- adHons, containing a commodious difpofition of equations for exhibiting the relations of goniometrical lines. From whence a multitude of curious theorems may be derived. 'See Phil. Tranf. N° 483. Sea. 26.

GONlON, in ichthyology, a name given by the French to the common gudgeon.

GONIOSIS, a term ufed by Archigenes, to exprefs a pecu- liar fort of pulfe, which feems to ftrike, not with the whole circle of the artery, but with an angle of it; or when the elevated artery is not felt like the curve of a circle, but like the vertex of a triangle. The caufe of this is an imbecil- lity in the motion of the blood, which renders it incapable of elevating the whole artery.

GONYALGIA, a termed ufed by fome authors to exprefs a violent pain in the knee.

GOODS, among diftillcrs. See Spirits.

GOOLE, a breach in a fea bank or wall j or a paffage worn by the flux and reflux of the fea. Vid. 16 and 17 Car. 2. c. n. The word comes from the French goulet, the gullet or neck.

'GOOSANDER, in zoology, the Englifh name for the male merganfer; the female of that fpecies having been univer- sally efteemed a different bird, and called the dundiver, and ?nergus cirratus longirojler. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 253. See Merganser and Dundiver.

GOOSE, Anfer, in the Linnasan fyftem of zoology, the term ufed to denote one of the orders of the feathered kingdom, the general character of which is, that the mouth is den- tated or toothed, and jagged or ferrated. The goofe is a well known bird in the common fpecies, but of which there are befide that feven other kinds. 1. The anfer fer us, or wild goofe, of the fame fhape with the tame kind, and of the fame fize, - but of a browner and greyer colour. 2. The bernade. See the article Bernicla. 3. The brent goofe. See the article Brenta. 4. The anfer bifpaniens, or fwan goofe, which always moves in a ftately manner, and with its head erect like the fwan. Its back is of a brownifh grey, its belly white, and its breaft a little tinged with a reddifh brown, and it has a line of blackifh brown running ftrait down the middle of the neck to the back. 5. The anfer gambenfis, or gambo goofe, which in figure and fize refem- bles the Mufcovy duck, but has very long red legs, and a ' fine finning purple back; its belly is white, its beak red, .and its head has a red caruncle, but its moft obfervable cha- racter is, that it has a Irrojig fpur {landing out from the firft joint of the wings, as fome of the Brafilian birds defcrib- ed by Marggrave have. 6. The anfer canadenfis, or Canada goofe ; this is of the fhape of the common goofe, but a little longer bodied. Its back is of a brownifh grey, and its rump black, and its neck black at the bottom, and white in every other part, its belly is white, and its tail and wino-s black, and 7. The rat goofe, or road goofe, which is but of about half the fize of the common goofe, and is of a blueifh grey on the back, and white at the belly. This is wild in the northern counties of England. Linnai Syft. Nat. p. 46. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 272, 10276.

Spland GoosE t the EngHfh name of a large water fowl, called by authors anfer bafanus.

It is of the fize of the common goofe, and its wings are very long and capable of extending to a very remarkable breadth ; its beak is long and ftrait, and of a duflcy grey, and a little hooked at the end. It has alfo near the hooked part, two fmall appendages like teeth. It is naked behind the eyes. Its mouth opens to a great width, and it feems to have no noftrils ; but in the place of them, has a long furrow run- ning nearly the whole length of the bill, it has alfo a row of fcrratures or indentings all along, provided by nature for its holding fifh more firmly. Its feet are black, and all the four toes are connected by the fame membrane. It is all over of a clear white when full grown, except that the larger wing feathers have fome blacknefs, and the head with age is apt to become yellow. Its fkin adheres but loofely to its flefh, and the young are mottled with grey and brown. It flics well, but if it fall on the ground does not eafily raife itfelf. They are a bird of paflage, and build in the ifland of the Bafs in Scotland, in vaft numbers. Each female lays only one egg. The young geefe are efteemed a great delicacy, and fell at a great price. Ray's Ornitholog. p. 247.

Magellanic Gooss, anfer magellam'cus, in zoology, the name given, though improperly by Clufius, to a bird" of the diver kind. It is a fea bird, and is ufually very fat ; it is of the fize of the largeft geefe, and is black on the back, and white on the belly. The neck is fhort and thick, and has a lin" or circle of white feathers round it. Its fkin is thick and tough like that of a hog, and it has only two coriaceous or leather-like fans in the place of wings, hanging from its fides like two arms, covered with a few feathers which are fhort and partly black, partly white, and by no means of any ufe to fly with, but very ferviceable to the crea- ture in fwimming. It lives continually in the water, except at its breeding time ; the tail is very fhort, and the beak as large as a raven's, but not protuberating on the top, but flatted. Clufius Exot.

Goose dang, in agriculture and medicine. See the articles Dung and Chenocoprus.

Goose wing, at fea, a certain manner of fitting a fail ; which is thus performed : when a fnip fails before a wind, or with a quarter wind, and in a frefh gale, the feamen fometimes, to make the more hafte, unparal the miflen-yard, and then they launch out both fail and yard over the quarter on the lee-fide, fitting guyes at the further end, to keep the yard fteddy with a boom, and thi:> booms out the miften-iheet. This they do to give the fhip the more way, which otherwife, with thefe winds, the miflen-fail could not do ; and this fail fo fitted, is called a goofe wing, and fometimes 3-Jludding fail.

GOOSEBERRY-£«/7.j, in botany. See Grossularia. The goofeberry-bt/Jb is propagated either by fuckers or cut- tings, but the latter way is preferable, as the roots are lefs fubject to moot out fuckers afterwards.

The beft feafon for planting the cuttings is in February, juft before the buds begin to open ; obferving always to take the handfomeft fhoots, and to pick them from fuch branches as produce the greateft quantity of fruit. The cuttings fhould be about eight inches long, and fhould be planted in a bed of light earth expofed to the morning fun ; they muft be planted about three inches deep, and watered to help their taking root. The fhoots fhould all be rubbed off" from thefe plants as they put out, except thofe at the top, that there may be a regular ftem. In the September following, they fhould be removed to a bed of fine light earth, and planted at two feet diftance. They fhould remain here two years, and the crofs branches at times be cut off, as alfo the lower ones, fo as to keep a clean ftem about a foot above the ground. They will be then fit to plant out where they are to ftand ; which fhould be in a light fandy loam. They fhould be kept from the fhade of other trees j and to have the fruit in its utmoft perfection mould be fet in an expofed place in rows of eight feet a funder, and each of the fhrubs, fix feet from the others in the rows. The beft time for tranfplanting them is in Octobers after the leaves are fallen. Miller's Gard. Diet.

GoosEBRRY-£tf//j', in natural hiftory, the name given by au- thors to a fpecies of protuberances of the gall kind, found very frequently on the oak. They are of a roundifh figure, and fometimes adhere to the tree by a fhort pedicle, but more frequently by a part of their fpheric furface. They are ufually found on the underlide of the leaves of the oak, but fometimes on the young fnoots, and fometimes on the pedicles of the leaves.

They are moft frequent in fpring, but they are found at all times when the leaves are upon the trees. Thefe galls are greenifh at firft, and afterwards become yellowifh, and final- ly red ; in which laft ftate> they very much refemble the fmall red goofeberry. They are very feft to the touch, and when opened are found to contain a juicy fubftance, with a ca- vity in the midft, in which there is lodged a fmgle infect. This, according to the time in which the gall is opened, is found in the form of a white worm, or elfe of a white chry- falis, or finally of a fmall fhort bodied four winged fly, of a black colour. For the creature does not leave the gall to go through any of its changes, but paffes all its ftates in it. The gall, in all thefe cafes, is found whole and unhurt ; but if one is opened in which there is a hole pierced, this is fure to be found empty, that being the paflage by which the fly has made its way out. Reautn. Hift. Inf. Vol. 6. p. 214.

Gooseberry worm, in natural hiftory, thenameof an infect, found very frequently on the goofeberry bufhes, and ufually fuppofed to be a caterpillar, but differing eftentially from that genus of animals, and being one of thofe which the French call fauffe chenilles. It has a round head, and has twenty two legs, and finally becomes not a butterfly, but a common four winged fly. This worm is at firft of a green- ifh colour, with fome yellow variegations, and fevcral black tubercles ; but on the laft change of its fkin it becomes whitifh or cream coloured, and lofes its tubercles. Reaum, Hift. Inf. Vol. 9. p. 18.

GOR, a name given by fome writers to a very lofty tree, which bears a fruit like a chefnut; it grows principally on the banks of the river Niger, and that not near the fea, but far up the country.

Gor.