Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/793

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CENETIDES, in natural hiftory, a name given by the antients to the ftone, more generally known under the name enchymo- nites. This was the fpar incrufted on the tops and fides of fubterranean caverns, which they fuppofed daily to bring forth more, and therefore gave the powder of it to women at the time of their lying in, to promote their fpeedy deli- very. Boetius de Boot.

GENETTA, a fmall animal of the weafel kind. See the article Ginetta.

GENETTE, in the manege, a Turkifh bit, the curb of which is all of one piece, and made like a large ring, and placed above the liberty of the tongue. When they bridle a horfe, they make his chin pafs through this curb, which fur- rounds his beard. This fort of bit was much ufed at the court of France when Guillet wrote.

Genette is alfo ufed for the particular way of riding praclif- ed in Spain, which being fo fhort, that the fpurs bear upon the horfe's flank, would be reckoned an indecency in France

. and England, but among the Spaniards, it paries for a piece of gallantry and handfome carriage when they ride upon their

feSrtftw, in going to court before the ladies. ,NETYLLIS, FiKiroXXts, in antiquity, a folemnity cele- brated by women in honour of Genctyllis, the goddefs of that fex. Potter., Arch. Grzec. J. 2. c. 20.

GENEVA (Cyd.) There never was fo great a quantity of the liquor vulgarly called by this name made as at prefent ; but it is wholly different from what the liquor fo called was at firfr. The belt geneva we now have, is made from an ordinary fpirit, diltilled a fecond time with an addition of fome juniper berries ; but the original liquor of this kind was prepared in a very different manner. It was a cuftom in the diftilling of fpirits from wort, or other fermented liquors, to add in the working fome aromatic ingredient ; fuch as ginger, cortex winteranus, or grains of paradile to take off the bad flavour, and to give a pungent tafte to the fpirit. Among other things ufed with this intent, fome tried the juniper berries, and finding that they gave not only an agreeable flavour, but very valuable virtues aho to the fpirit, they brought it to a general cuftorn, and the liquor fold un- der this name. The method of adding the berries was to the malt in the grinding : a proper proportion was allowed, and the whole was reduced to meal together, and worked in the common way. The fpirit thus obtained was flavoured ab crigine with the berries, and exceeded all that could be made by any other method. Our common diftillers leave out the juniper berries entirely from the liquor they now make and fell under that name. Our rafcally chemifts have let

. them into the fecret, that the oil of juniper berries, and that of turpentine are very much alike in flavour, though, not in price i and the common method of making what is called geneva in London, is with common malt fpirit, and a pro- per quantity of oil of turpentine diftilled together. Skaufs EfTay on Diftill. p. 7.

GENICULARIS, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the great garden valerian called phu. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

GENIPA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of wbHi are thefe. The flower is of the mono- petalous kind, and is fliaped like a bell, and very wide at the mouth. The piftil arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of a nail to the hinder part of the flower. The cup finally becomes an oval flefhy fruit, divided into two cells, and containing a number of flatted feeds. There is only one known fpecies of this genus, which is the oval fruited genipa or gen ipat of authors. Town. Inft. p. 658.

GENISTA, Broom., in Botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the pa- pilionaceous kind ; the piftil which arifes from the cup final- ly becomes a flat pod, which when ripe fplits into two parts, and is found to contain kidney-fhaped feeds. To this it is to be added, that the leaves fraud either in an alternate or vcrticillate order. See Tab. 1. of botany, Clafs 22. The fpecies of genijla, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The common Spanifh broom., or rufhy ftalkcd broom. 2. The dwarf, fweet fcented Spanifh broom. 3. The dyers weed, or German dyers broom. 4. The dyers weed with narrower leaves. 5. The fhrubby dyers genijla, with hoary leaves. 6. The broad leaved dyers broom. 7. The great Portugal dyers broom, 8. The Portugal broom with fmall yellow flowers. 9. The low Dutch broom. 10. The branched broom with hypericum leaves. ir. The ra- diated or ffarry broom. 12. The purging broom or fpar- tum. 13. The fhrubby African broom with nervous butchers broom leaves. 14. The flirubby African broom with narrower butchers broom leaves. 15. The African broom with lavender leaves. 16. The African rufhy ffalked broom with very fmall leaves, and blue flowers. 17. The fmall eft African broom with myrtle like leaves, ending in a fine point. lS. Thcrofemary leaved African broom with bright yellow flowers. 19. The African tree broom covered with a filvery hoarinefs. 20. The fhrubby African broom with very nar- row leaves, and purple fpiked flowers. 21. The broader leaved purple flowered flirubby African broom. 22. The African b>\om with hairy larch like leaves. 23. The Afri- can broom with thick and hairy larch like leaves. 24. 1 he Suppl. Vol. I.

GEN

larch leaved fhrubby African broom with fpiked flowers. 25. The larch leaved flirubby African broom with glome- rated heads. 26. The larch leaved flirubby African broom with yellow fpiked flowers. 27. The fhrubby African broom with woolly heads, and very fhort larch like leaves. 28. The fhrubby African broom with hoary larch like leaves. 29. The African broom with ground pine leaves, and very fmall yel- low flowers. 30. The gallium leaved African broo?^ and 31. The dorychnium leaved African broom. Tourn. Inff. p. 644. Broom, is an attenuant, abftergent, and aperient. The juice of the green fhopts of broom, or a ftrong infufion of them in wine, is an excellent diuretic, and cleanfes the ureters and kidneys. If taken in large dofes it purges by ftool, and therefore is doubly proper in dropfical cafes. The feed of broom is alfo a purge, and that of no weak kind, a dram and half of it being a fufflcient dofe. The young buds are frequently pickled in the manner of capers, and make a very agreeable addition to our food. The Lixivium of broom with white wine is a powerful diuretic, but mull be taken with caution.

Genista fpartium, m botany, the name of a genus of plants, agreeing in all refpeds with broom, but that the ftalks are prickly.

The fpecies of genijia fpar -than, enumerated by Mr. Tourne- fort, are thefe. 1. The great yellow flowered genijla fpartl- um. 2. The great genijla fpar -tium, with pale yellow flowers. 3. The great hairy genijia fpartium. 4. The gnat fmooth leaved genijia fpartium, with flender branches. 5. The fmaller genijia fpartium. 6. The very prickly fmall ftone genijia fpartium. 7. The great genijia fpartium with fome longer, and fome fhorter thorns. 8. The lefler common, or German genijia fpartium. 9. The fmaller Englifh genijia fpartium. 10. The Spanifh very woolly fmall genijla fpar- tium. 11. The woolly Spanifh genijia fpartium with very long and flender three pointed thorns. 12. The woolly Por- tugal genijia fpartium with very long three pointed thorns. 13. The Portugal genijia fpartium with fhort three pointed prickles 14. The Portugal genijia fpartium with fhort thick and crooked three pointed thorns. 15. The Portugal gcnifla fpartium with very fhort blueifh prickles. 16. The Portugal genijia fpartium with very thick let prickles and tufted flowers. 17. The filvery Portugal genijla fpartium, with very ftrong thorns and numerous flowers. 18. The great prickly fpiked- flowered genijla- fpartium. 19. The dwarf genijla fpartium with final! flowers. 20. The fmall Portugal genijla fpartium with fpiked flowers. 2r. The Portugal ge- nijla fpartium with crooked or falcated pods. Tourn, Inft. p. 645, 646.

GENISTELLA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flowers and fruit are the fame as in the broom, but the leaves are jointed, or grow to one another by a fort of articulation. The fpecies of genijiella, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The narrow leaved herbaceous genijiella, or cha- masfpartium. 2. The broad leaved herbaceous genijiella. 3. The broad leaved fhrubby Portugal genijiella, and 4. The narrow leaved fhrubby Portugal genijiella. Turn. Inft. p. 646.

GENITURA, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the anethum or dill, a plant common in gardens, and ufed in medicine and cookery. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

GENOA Balfam, in medicine, the name of a famous compo- fition, called alfo the balfam of aquapendente. Its great vir- tues are the curing pains in the extremities of the body, and allaying the violent pain in the bowels to which many wo- men are fubjecl: after delivery. The prefcription is given at large in Velfcius, but the medicine is now grown out of ufe. Velfc. Med. Obf.

GENTIAN A, Gentian, in botany, the name of a genus of plants of which there are feveral fpecies. The characters of the genus are thefe. The flower confifts only of one leaf fafhioned like a bell, in fome fpecies long and tubular, in others broader and open, and ufually divided into feveral fegments. From the bottom of the cup there rifes a piftil, which perforates the bottom of the flower, and ripens into a fruit of a mem- branaceous texture, and pointed oval figure, this is formed of two valves, and contains only one cell, in which are a num- ber of feeds ufually flat, of a rounded form and marginated, or rim'd round the edge.

The fpecies of gentian are thefe. I. The great yellow flowered kind. 2. The great purple flowered kind. 3. The great white flowered kind. 4. The great kind with a fpotted flower. 5. The fwallow-wort leaved gentian. 6. The great flowered alpine gentian. 7. The large dwarf fpring gentian. 8. The lefler dwarf fpring gentian. 9. The cen- taury leaved fpring dwarf gentian. 10. The fhort leaved alpine dwarf kind. n. The blue flowered kind with hoary edges. 12. The crofs leaved kind. 13. The branched au- tumnal kind. 14. The meadow gentian, with woolly flowers. 15. The fhort and large flowered meadow gentian. 16. The bladder gentian. 17. The broad leaved marfh kind with fpotted flowers. 18. The great narrow leaved autum- nal kind, called pneumonanthe. and 19. The little dwarf gen- tian. Tourn. Inft. p. 81. See Gentian, CycL

12 F Genti-