Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/738

 FLU

FLU

to nourifh tbefe worms, and confequently, while the latter are I cluftered together in heaps, the former may be diiperfed and ] fcattered. Nor do we want inftances of this even in the in- fects of a larger kind. In many of our gardens we frequent- ly find veflels of water rilled with the gnat worms, as plentifully in proportion to their fize, as thele our Fluids with animalcules. Every cubic inch of water in thefe Veffels con- tains many hundreds of thefe animals ; yet we fee many cubic inches of the air in the garden not affording any one of the pa- rent flies. Id. ibid.

But neither are we to declare pofitively that the parent flies of thefe our animalcules are in all ftates wholly inviiible to us, if not fingly to be feen ; there are fome ftiong reafons to ima- gine, that they may in great clufters. Every one has feen in a clear day, when looking ftedfaftly at the sky, that the air is in many places difturbed by motions and convolutions in cer- tain determinate fpots. Thefe cannot be the effect of imagi- nation, or of faults in our eyes, becaufe they appear the fame to all; and if we confider, what would be the cafe to an eye, formed fo as to fee nothing fmaller than an ox, on viewing the air on a marfh fully peopled with gnats, we mull be fenfible that the clouds of thefe infects, tho' to us diftinctly enough vifible, would appear to fuch an eye, merely as the moving parcels of air in the former inftance, do to us ; and Purely it is thence no rafh conclufion to inter, that the cafe may be the fame, and that the myriads of flying infects too fmall to bt fingly the objects of our view, yet are to us, what the clouds of gnats would be in the former cafe. See the articles Eel, Vinegar and Pepper water. Caujlk Floid. See Caustic Fluid. Senfitive Fluid. See Sensitive Fluid. FLUKE, in ichthyology, a word ufed in fome parts of England as

a name for the flounder. Fluke of an anchor, that part of it which fattens in the ground.

See Anchor, Cycl. and Suppl. FLUKEN, in natural hiftory, a name given by the miners in Cornwall, and fome other places, to a fort of greyifh foft earth, in which there are a great number of fmall white ftones of a fparry nature. They ufually find this mixt fubftance near the places where the loads or veins of ore lie, and it feems evident- ly to have been waflied from among the broken parts of the ftrata near where the metals lie. It is itfelf a coarfe and often foul earth, and the white ftones which it contains, are fome- times fmall cryftalhne, but opake pebbles, of the nature of thofe which we find in various fize* in cur /and and gravel pits; but more ufually they are fmall fragment* of common fpar, and are of a plated figure when broken, and feein only rounded by the motion of the water, like many fmall ftones which are found in the beds of rivers, and on the fea-fhores. The foft nature of the fubftance of which thefe are compofed makes them eafily liable to be thus rubbed into roundnefs. FLUOR albus (Cycl.) — Authors diftinguifh this difeafe in two kinds, the benign and the malignant ; the firft is fimple, the other complicated with the venereal difeafe. The fimple Fluor albus, tho' called benign in comparifon of the other, is yet very difficult to cure, and is always the more fo, the long- er it has continued upon the perfon ; and very often the com- mon methods by medicine fail, unlefs the caufe and manner of life be changed. But tho' it is thus difficult of cure, it is of lels danger than many other difeafes, for many women have had it many years, nay a great part of their lives even to old age, and that without any great hurt. Indeed it very rarely grows to that height as to injure the ftrength or health, farther than by a palenefs of the face, and a tumid look, and a laflitude of the limbs : but if this difcharge when it has been many years ha- bitual to a perfon, be flopped by any improper methods, it often brings on very terrible complaints. The worft effect of the Fluor albus, is that when of long ftanding it ufually renders wo- men barren ; and its principal difficulty of cure is this, that it will often feem to give way to medicines, but return after- wards with all its former violence ; nay when people feem ever fo perfectly cured of it, it often returns, and the whole me- thod is to be gone thro' again. The Fluor albus while it only attends the flowing of the menftrual difcharges, is a thing of no great moment, but when thofe difcharges flop, and this matter becomes more acrid, and is voided in larger quantities, it then becomes a difeafe that calls for all the art of the phv- fician to remedy it; for in fome perfons it brings on finally hectics and wafting of the flefh, and in others cachexies, cede- mas and dropfies. Method of cure. When this difeafe happens to a perfon of a plethoric habit, the firft ftep toward a cure is bleeding in the font to difcharge part of the load of blood, left natu> L fliould make that an occafion of converting a j;reat part of it into le rum, and throwing ir. upon the uterus for its difcharge. After bleeding, an abfterfion of the matter of the difeafe, and a fuc- ceffive evaucation of it are to be attempted, by the more temperate uterine medicines, the gentle emmenagogues an-i cleanfers ; fuch are amber, myrrh and turpentine. The fecondof thefe is to be given, but in moderate dofes, and the laft fucceedsbeft after boiling, or when mixt with maftic. The digeftive fairs are alfo tobegiven,and nitre in this cate of ren proves a very beneficial medicine. The aperient roots, fuch as lovage,

ven in a right line, fore and aft,

pimpernel, and the like, are to be given in decoction, and the leaves of baum and fouthernwood are no idle remedies- and finally the gums are to be added, fuch as galbanum, ammoni- acum and fagapenum. After thefe abftergents and preparato- ry medicines, gentle purges are to he given, and finally fuch medicines as reftore the due tone of the parts; of this nature are the milder chalybeates, and decoctions of the nervous and aroir. tic herbs, fuch as lofemary, origanum, lerpyllum and the like. Junker's Confp. Med. p. 472.

Dr. Morgan thinks the Fluor albus is the lymph corrupted, and affiires us, that the tincture of cantharides, given in a pretty ftiong decoction of guaicum, has good effects when the dif- temper is recent, but when it is of lung ftanding and invete- rate, recourle muft be had to mercurials. Vid. Mor* Me- dian. Pratt. Phyf. FLUSH-rf«jf, one that

from ftem to Item. FLUSHER, in zoology, the common name of the lefier butcher- bird called by authett the 1-mius minor, and the lanius tertius of Aldrovand. h is of the hawk kind, but very fmall, not exceeding the common lark in fize. h* beak is black, long, very ftrong, and a little hooked at the end, but ftrait all the way to that. The mouth is yellow within, and the tongue is jagged. It has feveial fhoit bnitlts at the top of the^eak. The middle of its back and the fmaller feathers of its wings, are of a reddifh brown ; its head and rump grey ; it has a broad black line on each Jide of the head, running from the angle of the beak: its belly is white, its throat and breaft whitifh with a caft of red. Its wing feathers are brown and black, and its legs and feet of a deep bluifh black, It builds in holly bufhes and the like places, its neft is made of grafs and feathers, and it lays fix eggs which are oblong, white at the fmaller end and ornamented with a circle and reddifh fpots at the other. It is common in Germany and in the northern parts of England. Ray's Ornith. p. 54. FLLTA, in ichthyology, a name given by G3z.a and fome authors to the common fparus, diftmguifhed by Artedi, by the name of the plain yetlowifh fparus, with a large annular black fpot near the tail. See the article Sparus. Fluta is alfo a name given by Columella to the mu- rsena of Anftotle and the antient authors in general, as well Greek as Roman. It makes only one fpecies of the muraena, according to Artedi ; but being with him a generical name which fomprehends all the eel kind, the terpens nurinus and the like, among thefe. This which was antientiy called fim- ply the munena, is diftinguifhed by that author under the name of the muraena having no pectoral fins. This as it is peculiar to this fpecies, evidently and obvioufly diftinguiines it at firft fight from all the reft, FLUTINGS— Cabled F lutings. See Cabling. FLUVIaLIS, in botany, the name given by Vaillant and Mi- cheli to a genus of plants called by Linnaeus najos. Vaillant, A. G. 17 19. See Naios. FLUVIATILES cochlea?, frefh water jheU-ffc a term ufed by naturalifts, to exprefs thofe kinds of fheil-nlh which never in- habit the fea, but are found in our ponds, rivers and ditches. Thefe tho' greatly lefs numerous than the fpecies of fea (hells, are yet of greater variety and beauty, than is ufually /uppofed. What are known at prefect, may be arranged under their proper heads in the following manner.

Of" the univalve kinds we have two fpecies of patellae: the one having a beak at the fummit of the fhell ; the other want- ing it, and being fmooth as the common patellae or limpets of the fea.

Of the limaces or fnails we have five fpecies, 1. The white water (naii. 2. The umbilicated water fnail. 3. Thi fnail, commonly called St. Hubert's horn. water fnail, and 5. The high and fafciated waier fnail, Of the trefh water nerita, we have three kinds. 1. The va- riegated grey nerita. 2. The notched nerita, and 3. The variegated reddifh nerita.

We have alfo one fpecies oUrochus, commonly called and known by the name of trochilus aquae dulcis, or the little frefh water trochus.

Of the turbo we have three fpecies. 1. The deprefted vittated turbo. 2. The prominent turbo, and 3. The fimple tur- bo, or fcrew-fhell.

Of the frefh water buccina, we have feven fpecies. 1. The greenifh buccinum, with four fpires. 2. The reddifh bucci- num. 3. The (lightly furrowed buccinum. 4. The white buccinum with five fpires. 5. The brown buccinum, with an operculum. 6. The confabulated and tuberous buccinum and 7. The frefh water buccinum with its mouth turned the contrary way to that of other fhells. Hift. Nat. Eclairc, p. 3 6 7-

Of the dolia or concha glcbofcs, zue have the following fpecies. 1. The grey doliura. 2. The yellowifh dob'um. 3. The blunt pointed dolium. 4 The milk-white dulium. Of the frefh water cornu a?n?nonis, we have four fpecies. 1. The brown common cornu ammonis. 2. The metalline cornu itmmonis. 3. The grey cornu ammonis, and 4. The agate coloured cornu ammonis.

Of

3. The water 4. The yellow