Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/702

 FEE

it, arc only intended by nature as a cafe for it at fuch times I as it is no' in action. It has been before obferved, that in all. thefe fpecies of flies produced from the fauffe chenilles, the male has a long and flender body, the female a fhort and thick one. As the ufe of this law, is the making a proper hole for de^ofiting the eggs in, the female is the only fex that has any ufe for it, and therefore, the fhort bodied flies are the only ones-in which it is to be looked for. If we examine the others in the fame manner, we find inftead of the faw, only two hooked bodies dcilined fo, the male to fieze the female with in order to copulation, and between theie there may be dif- tinguifhed the aperture at which the male part is thruft out in the action. See the article Ruse-Fly. FAUX BOURDON, bajlard humble-bee, a name given by Reaumur and other French naturalifts to the bees ufually called by us drones, and by the common people of that nation bour- dons, confounding them with the comm. n humble-bee under that name. Thefe are much larger than the common bees, they never work, and ufually bear the proportion of about one to ten of the wo king bees of the hive, when moll frequent. They are the male bees. The working ones are of no fex at all. Tiit female bee is but one in a fwarm, and all thefe are of no cither ufe to the community, than the fcecundating the vaft humbei of eggs included in her body. Thefe bees as they never work, iu they never eat any of the yellow matter brought home on the thighs of the other bees, and called rough wax, or bees -bread, out feed only on the honey. This is certain from the opening their bodies. Mr. Reaumur who opi.-ni.-d fome hundreds of them on different occaiions, always found honey in their ftomachs and inteftines, but never met with the leaft inorfel of the rough wax there. FAUX-IUCERON, in natural hiffory, a name given by Reau- mur and others to a genus of infedts much refembling the^z;- cerons in many things, but differing in fome material circum- stances. The two principal kinds of thefe are found on the back of the leaves of the fig-trees, and in little hollow balls at the fummits of the branches of box, formed of the upper leaves vitiated by the biting of thefe creatures. See Fig-/«- feft, and Grub of the box. FEAL, was antiently ufed for faithful : hence the tenants by knights fervice ufed to fwear to their lords to be feal and lea\ that is, faithful and loyal. Spelm. de Parliam. 59. FEAR. This paffion has been found to leiTen perfpiration and

urine. See Perspiration, FEATHER, in the manege, a fort of natural frizling of the hair, found in many parts of a horfe's body, but more com- monly between the eyes. Many are of opinion, that when the feather is lower than the eyes, it is a fign of a weak eye- fight ; but this remark is not always certain. Roman Feather, called in French, epee Romaine, is a fea- ther upon a horfe's neck, being a row of hair turned back and raifed, which forms a mark like a fword blade, juft by the mane. Mid Feather, in the Englifh fait works. See the article

Mid. FEAZING, at fea, is the revelling out of the cable or any great

rope at the ends. FEBRIS, fever, in medicine. See Fever. Ephemera Febris. See the article Ephemera. Ferris intejlinalu. See Intestinal Fever. FEBRUARV, Febntarius, in the Roman chronology, the fecond month of their year, fo called from Februa a feaft held there- in. See Februa, Cycl.

In the firft ages of Rome, February was the laft month of the year and preceeded January, till the decemviri made an order that February ftiould be the fecond month of the year, and come after January. Hofm. Lex in voc. FEDOA, in zoology, a name ufcd by Gefner and fome other authors for the Godwit, more commonly called segocephalus. Gefner de Avib. See /Egocephalus. FEEDERS, in mining, a term ufed to exprefs the feveral fmall channels in the fides of a mine feeming to open into it, as brooks -into rivers in their courfe. The miners in moft coun- ties, call thefe the feeders of the load. FEEDING of fi/b. The owner of fifh-ponds will find this an article very worthy his con fid era t ion, as the trouble or expence of it are very little, and the profit very great. In a flew thir- ty or forty carps may be kept up from October to March, without any other food than what they will find there for themfelves. And by fi&ing with trammels or flews, it will be proper in March or April to take from the larger waters, fome to replenifh the ftews ; but after this, from March to O&uber it is neceflary to feed them as much as to feed chick- . ens that are coop'd up, and it will turn to as good account. The care of doing this, is beft committed to the gardener, " who is always at hand and on the fpotj for the regular ferving them is of the utmoft confequence.

Any fort of grain is good to feed them with, efpccially peafe and malt coarfe ground, and grains after brewing while they are frelh and fweet are very proper ; but it is to be obferved, that one bufliel of malt not brewed, will go as far as two . bufliels of grains. Chinpings or rafoings of bread ftecp'd in the

F E E

droppings of malt liquors, efpecially of ale, are very good for carp. The quantity of thefe mould be about two quarts a day, to thirty carps, and it is better to have it given twice a day, that is, morning and evening, than all at once. Peafe or other feeds or grains boiled and prepared for the food of carp, may be let down into the water on a fquare board like a trencher, fupported by four firings, one at each corner, and with fome leads laftened to its bottom to link it at a proper depth ; it is to be fupported by a pole or otherwife, and it is a very entertaining light to obferve the manner in which they will come all about it, and take off their food. When large ponds which contain gfeat numbers of fifh are to be fed in this manner, it will'be fome expence to the owner - but on taking out the fifh, and obferving how they thrive by it, this will be eafdy born with. ■

Grains are the cheapeft and moft ftaunch food that can' be procured for filb, and where breweries are near, they are eali- ly had, but even in country places it will be eafy to aoree with the neighbouring families who brew, to throw their grains into the pond at a certain price. Carp and tench will be fed like fowls in this manner. Pike alfo may be fed with eels to fatten them quickly, and with any other fifti at other times. Pearch are not at all proper for this fort of manage- ment, "

FEEL, in the manage, they fay to feel a horfe in the hand ; that is, to obferve that the will of the horfe is in the rider's hand, that he taftes the bridle, and has a good appui m obey- ing the bit. ' To feel a horfe upon the haunches, is to obferve that he plies or bends them ; which is contrary to leaning or throwing up- on the moulders.

FEELERS, antenna, in natural hiftory, are the horns as they are ufually called upon the heads of infects. The word antenna is derived from the Latin ante before,and tenet to hold or carry ; or poffibly may have been given them from, fome fort of refemblance to the part of a (hip, known in na- vigation by the fame name. The antenna in various infecls are extremely various, and in moft very beautiful ; they not only differ in the infefls of different dalles, but frequently in the different genera of the fame clafs, tho' never in the fame fpecies.

The antenna of flies may ferve to diftinguifh feveral genera of thofe infeas. i. There are fome flies which have articulated ones. Thefe are compofed as it were of feveral vertebra: or of feveral fmall bodies joined end to end, as the beads in a' neck- lace. Of thefe fome have the beads if they may be fo called larger, and others fmaller. Thefe antenna are ufually much thicker at their origin, than at their extremity. Reaumur's Hift. Inf. v. 4. p. 138.

2. There are other flies which have their antenna compofed like thofe of the former, of a feries of beads or vertebra;, but have them fmallcft at their infertion, and gradually growing larger and iarger toward their extremities. The fly produced from the formica leo, has antenna of this kind.

3. Others have their antenna in form of feathered beards - feveral of the fmall flies, gnats, and fome of the tipula! have antenna of this kind beautifully plumed.

4. Others have what may be called prifmatic antenna ; thefe are articulated, and near their infertions and extremities are much fmaller, than in any other part of their length. Of this kind are the antenna of a fmall tipula which is produced from the worm that eats the oakagarick. Ibid. p. 130.

5. Other flies have branched or forked antenna, each compofed of two pieces, and appearing double. Ibid,

6. Others, of which there are many fpecies both among the two winged and four winged flies, have antenna extremely fhort and thick. Thefe have not above two or three articula- tions ; two or three beads, if they may be fo called, placed on one another, forming in them a fupport, or kind of pedeftal for one much larger than the reft, by which the antenna is terminated. This laft bead has often the figure of a little

battledore, for which reafon thefe antenna^

may properly

enough be called the battledore kind. This laft piece which gives name to thefe antenna is fixed by one part of its edge in the uppermoft bead of the pedeftal, which is fplit to receive it. Sometimes this laft piece is of an orbi- cular form, but often it is oblong and elliptic, and in many fpecies of a prifmatic figure, and in fome the laft bead is of the fame figure with the reft that compofe the whole antenna. Examined with the help of glafles, each of thefe extreme bo- dies is feen to have a large hair affixed to it ; and this hair is fometimes fo divided as to appear like a feathered antenna. The two winged fly which refembles thefcorpion fly, gives us an example of this ; the hair is there fingle, as it is alio in the fly produced from the rat-tailed worm. The common houfe fly has its antenna in form of prions, and a branched hair is produced from their bafe. Ibid. p. 140.

7. Another fort of antenna there are, very proper to diftinguifh certain kinds of the two winged flies, as thofe which luck the blood of oxen or horfes. The antenna of thefe are fomewhat of the nature of the battledore antenna, but the body which terminates them, has in it fomething very different from that

which