Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/700

 FAT

and place of confinement were carefully fearched, but no- thing found ; nor could any thing be conveyed to him in the night time. Befides, as a proof of his abftaining from all manner of food, his excrements gradually diminiflied, and at laft entirely ceafed ; which happened foon after the commence- ment of his fa/ling.

When the forty days were expired, he prepared himfelf to eat; but refufed to take broth, which they had got ready for him in order to open the paflages, and facilitate digeftion : in- ftead of this, he ordered fome hafty* pudding to be made of a confiftence capable of being cut into pieces when cold. It is remarked, that he fuffered very much from gripes for fome days thereafter ; which going off, he continued to eat as be- fore ; but his madnefs remained flill the fame.

Fasting-zV/^, fee Faster mans, Cycl,

FAT (Cycl.) — We have an obfervation by Mr. Schulze of wax pailing through the coats of the arteries and veins, when thefe veflels were injected ; of which that coloured with red loft its colour, while the green kept it. Hence he endeavours to ac- count for the fecretion of Fat, and the production of an oede- ma. See Com. Lit. Norimb. 1731. Semeft. 1. Specim. 5, Mr. Hunauld has the following obfervations on the Fat of the body: 1. That though foetus's and children have much Fat Under the skin, yet they have only a fmall piece or two (pelo- tons) at the bafe of the heart ; whereas lean, adult bodies have Fat all round the bafe, on the veflels that go out of the heart, and accompanying the larger coronary veflels, and at the point of the heart. 2. That the omentum of very young children has no Fat, and their mefentery very little. 3. That in ma- ny people the Fat under the skin is exhaufted, while the bow- els are overcharged with it. 4. The exterior part of the tuni- ca cellularis is the firft filled with Fat, and the laft: emptied of it. From which, and feeing aponeurofes and membranes fpread over fo many mufcles, he concludes, the common opi- nion of mufcles being lubricated by the Fat, to be ill founded. See Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1732.

Fat of Whales. See the article Blubber.

FATHER- £<t/2w, in ichthyology, an Englifh name given to a fifh, called by fome authors, though improperly, fcorpoena and fcorpius marinus. It is properly of the cottus kind, and is named by Artedi the fmooth cottus without fcales, with feve- ral fpines upon the head, and with the upper jaw a little longer than the under. It more refembles the fmall fifti we call the bullhead or miller's thumb than the fcorpaena. Arted. Gen. Pifc. p. 34. See Cottus and Scorp^na.

FATTENING ofHorfes. The being able to do this fpeedily is one of the greateft arts our dealers have, and indeed one of the greateft niceties of the whole management of that creature. Many methods have been prefcribed, but the following feems moft to be depended on. Take elecampane, cummin-feed, tamarisk and anifeed, of each two ounces ; common ground- fel, one handful. Boil all thefe very well, with two handfuls of garlick fcraped and cleaned, in a gallon of good ale ; ftrain the liquor well off, and give the horfe a quart of it every morning made hot; keep him warm after it. After he has taken this for four or five mornings, he may be turned out to grafs, or kept in the houfe, as the feafon will permit. But whenever provender is given him, a quantity of a powder is to be prepared of equal parts of cummin -feeds and elecampane, and give him half an ounce of it every time, fprinkling it in by degrees as he eats, that he may not naufeate the whole. If this method does not fucceed in a fhort time, then take two fpoonfuls of diapente j brew it in a pint of fweet wine, and give it the horfe for three mornings. This will take off any inward ficknefs, and make the other things take effect. After this feed him with good provender three times a day, that is, after his watering in the morning, after his watering in the evening, and at nine o'clock at night. If he does not eat the provender well and freely, it muft be changed for fome other kind.

If all this does not fucceed, let the horfe be blooded ; and then take half a bufiiel of coarii: barley-meal, put it into a pail full of water, and ftir the whole together very well; then let it fettle by (landing. Pour off the clear liquor into another vef- fel, and let him drink it for his common drink, and eat the remainder which falls to the bottom of the pail. If he refufe to eat this alone, there may be fome bran mixed among it. This mould be given him three times a day, morning, noon, and night. If lie does not rightly take to the meal with the

. bran, ibme oats muft be mixed with it, and this will readily bring him to feed on it. But which ever way is ufed, they muft be by degrees diminiflied in quantity, till at length he is brought to eat the meal alone ; for that is the thing that muft fatten him up. Care muft be taken that the barley is ground frefh every day as it is ufed, for it quickly grows four; and when this has once been the cafe with one parcel, no art will ever bring the horfe to touch any of it afterwards. Scarce any horfe but will be well fatten* d by keeping him to this diet for about twenty days.

Barley ground in this manner cools and purges the creature ; but the greateft efficacy, as to thcfattmnirig him, lies in the water, which by this management takes up all the rich part

F A U

of the barley into itfelf. When the horfe grows luflv on ri • d,et, it muft betaken from him by degrees, giving him at firft oats once, and barley-meal twee a day; and then oats twice and the barley-meal once, till he is perfeftly weaned from r' In the mean time he muft have good hay, and he muft not be rid ; only it will be proper to walk him gently about an hour or two in the heat of the day. If it be found that the horf- wants a good fmart purging during the time of his continuing in the barley diet, the beft time to give it him is after th firft eight days, and the following is a very proper fort of phyfic. Take of the fineft aloes one ounce, agarick in powder half an ounce, and powder of florentine orrice one ounce Let all thefe be mixed together, and put into a quart of milk warm from the cow. This will work very briskly; and after it is over, the ufual diet is to be continued. If fadrfes of\a- lue were to be kept to this diet once a year, it would make them lefs hot and dry, and not fubjea to many difeafes which they are troubled with at prefent, and would" be particularly ufeful after campaigns and long journeys. If the horfe lofes his appetite by this diet, it will be proper to tye a chewing ball to his bit, renewing it fo often till at length he begins to" feed heartily on the barley ; for thefe balls at once reflore appetite and are themfelves of a fattening nature. See the article Chewing Ball.

FAVIFORM, in forgery, a term ufed to exprefs certain ulcers, which when prefi'ed upon with the finger emit a fanies thro' feveral fmall holes in the manner in which honey, on prefiW the comb, iffues out of the cells.

FAVILLjE Salis, in natural hiftory, a name given by Vitruvi- us, and fome of the more antient writers, to the natrum or nitre of the antients. Our chemical writers, who have been ufed to delight much in hard names, have applied the fame phrafe to exprefs our nitre : but this is a very different fait from the other.

FAVISS-fE, in Roman antiquity) large vaults under ground in the area of the capitol.

Such a fuperftitious veneration did the Romans pay to every thing that belonged to their capitol, and to the religious cere- monies there performed, that they carefully depofited the old ftatues and other facred utcnfils, when they happened to be broken, or any wife render'd unferviceable, in thefe vaults ; not daring either to deftroy, or convert them to any other ufe. Pittfc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

FAVONIUS, among the Romans, the wind which blew ai- reaiy from the weft. Hofm. Lex. in voc.

FAVORITO, in the Italian mufic, is an epithet given to fuch parts of any compofition as are performed to the greateft ad- vantage. Thus, Choro favorite is a chorus in which are employed the beft voices and inftruments to fing the recitati- vos, play the ritornellos, CSV. This is otherwife called the little chorus, or choro recitanle. SroJJ. Muf. Dia. in voc. See Recitante.

FAUSSE Chenille, in natural hiftory, a term ufed by Mr. Re- aumur, and other of the French writers, to exprefs a large clafs of worms produced from the eggs of feveral fpecies of four wing'd flies. Thefe worms have greatly the appearance of caterpillars in their general form, fo rhat they have decei- ved many writers on infeBs into an opinion that they really were fo. Their bodies are long in the manner of the cater- pillar, and they are compofed of feveral rings or joints. The skin is of the fame confiftence with that of the caterpillar's ; and in many fpecies the creature is variegated with beautiful colours difpofed in the fame manner as thofe of the fmooth ca- terpillars ufually are. Both thefe kinds of inlbcts have a great number of legs, and thofe of two kinds ; fome membranaceous, and others fcaly. Both the worm and the caterpillar have each fix of the fcaly legs ; but the membranaceous ones are different in number, and are alone fufficient to conftitute a difference between them. The caterpillars have never more than ten of thefe, which with the fcaly ones make fixteen ; the utmoft number of the legs of any caterpillars. But thefe worms have always at leaft twelve of the latter kind of legs, which with the fix fcaly ones make the whole number eigh- teen; and many fpecies have fourteen, fixteen, or eighteen of the membranaceous ones alone. The membranaceous legs of the worms differ alfo from thofe of the genuine caterpillars, in that they are not furnifhed with the hooks at their ends' which thofe of the latter have.

The legs therefore alone give a fufEcient bafis of diftinflion between the caterpillar and the fauffi chenille^ or caterpillar worm. But there is a yet more obvious diftin&ion between them in the fhape of their heads ; and by this they may al- ways be known from each other at firft fight. The heads of the various fpecies of caterpillars are of feveral very different fhapes ; fome are fhort, others long ; fome more, fome Ids flatted ; and fome terminate in a fharp point, while others are diftinguifhed by a fort of flit or divifion in the back parr Thefe differences are found in the feveral kinds of the genuine caterpillars ; but the heads of all the fauffi chenille! are of one fhape, and that very different from all thefe ; they are round and very convex, fo that they appear a part of a fmall fpheie. The mouth of thefe and of the genuine caterpillars are wholly

alike,