Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/695

 FAG

change in mercury; but by a few days digeftion, either with that or any other metal, it always became red as blood and afterwards black. The caput mortuum of thefe oils left in the retort, is one of the fineft of all phofphori, it takes fire immediately on coming in contact with the air. Mem. Acad. Par. 17 11.

FMSTlNG-men, See Fastermans, Cycl.

FiEX Vitri, in chymiftry, a name given by Rulandus and fome other of the writers, unto the common nitre or falt- petre, and by others to pot-afh.

FA FINTO, a feigned F, in the Italian mufic, is what we com- monly call the fiat of any note. Brofs. Diet. Muf. in voc. See Flat.

FAG, is ufed for a knot or excrefcency in cloth. Stat. 4. Edw. 4. c. 1.

FAGARA, in the Materia Medica, the name of a fruit refemb- ling the Cubebs, found in the Philippine Iflands. The part of this fruit which contains the principal virtue, is the outer rind ; this is tender and blackifh and of an aromatick and fomewhat acid tafte. When the berries are ripe, they eafily break, and difclofe a black mining, fulid kernel, void of tafte and fmell. The berries according to Avifenna, are heating and drying and good for a cold, weak ftomach, to help di- geftion, and are aftringent to the bowels. They were once much ufed, but of late are fcarce known in the (hops.

FAGGOT [Cycl.) — There is a thing worth obferving to the owners of woods, in the article of the making up the under- wood into faggots. The workmen when they have bound up the faggot, trim off the fuperfluous branches from the fides and end to make it more neat, and thefe they add to the middle of the next ; but they are of little or no advantage there, and ought to be left on the ground, for being fmall they would foon rot there, and would manure the ground fo as to be of more advantage to the next growth, than is eafi- ly imagined. The leaves of the trees falling to the earth, manure it very much, but this is nothing to the advantage of thefe little pieces of wood : any rotten wood but in a mode- rate quantity, will turn a common bad earth, into good gar- den mould, and the growth of the young trees is more for- warded by this manure where it is felt, than by any other means that can be ufed to it. We always fee the land where wood-ftacks have flood, enriched to a furprifmg degree by them, and the fame advantage will be, wherever wood of any kind is left to moulder and rot upon the ground. Mor- timer's Husbandry, v. 2. p. 68.

FAGONIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the cha- racters of which are thefe. The flower is of the rofaceous .kind, confifting of feveral petals, arranged in a circular form. From the center there arifes a piftil, which finally becomes a roundifh fruit, pointed at the end, ftriated and multicapfular, being compofed of feveral fmall vagina or cafes, each of which contains one roundifh feed. Tourn. Inft. p. 265. The fpecies of Fagonia are two.

1. The cretick prickly Fagonia, called by authors the prickly candy trefoil; and 2. The Spanifh fmooth Fagonia.

FAGOPYRUM, Buckwheat, in botany, the name of a ge- nus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the apetalous kind, being compofed of feveral ftamina ari- sing out of a cup, divided into five fegments at the edge. The piftill finally becomes a triangular feed, which remains in a capfule, that was originally the cup of the flower; to this it is to be added, that the flowers grow in tufts, and the roots are fibrous. The fpecies of Fagopyrum enumerated by Mr. Tourne- fort are thefe, 1. The common erect Fagopyrum. 1. The com- mon wild climbing Fagopyrum, called black bindweed. 3. The great climbing American Fagopyrum.

The common Fagopyrum or buckwheat, is cultivated in many parts of England, and is a very great improvement of dry barren lands. The beft feafon for the fowing it, is in May, and one bufhel of the feed is enough for an acre; the ground is to be drefled for it exactly as for barley, and if the foil is not very clean, it will yield a very large increafe, as fifty bufhels an acre, and is excellent food for hogs and poultry. The [flower of it is alfo very white, and mixed with wheat flower is eaten in fome counties, and when broken in a mill, makes a fine addition to corn for horfes, making them foon grow fat. It is commonly late in the feafon before it is ripe, but it is in no danger from Handing ; when it is cut, it is ufu- ally laid many days to dry before it is houfed. Befides thefe ufes, fome people fow it very thick, and fuffer it to grow up till it is near flowering, they then plough it in, and it makes a very good land for wheat or rye.

FAGOTTINO, in the Italian mufic, a name ufed for the fingle curtail, which is a mufical inftrument fomewhat like the baf- foon. Brofs. Diet. Muf. in voc.

FAGOTTO, in the Italian mufic, the name of the double cur- tail, being as big again as the fagottino, and in reality the fame with a baffbon. Brofs. Diet. Muf. in voc.

FAGUS, the Beech, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the glo- merated amentaceous kind, being compofed of a great num- ber of ftamina, which arife from a bell-fafhioned cup. The embryo fruits grow in different parts of the tree, and finally

FAL

become a hard and callous fruit of a pointed form, opening at the top into three parts, and containing two trigonal feeds. There is no other known fpecies of this tree, but the common one. Tourn. Inft. p. 884. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 19. and Beech.

FAHNELEN, Fanjelen, orVANLEHEN, among the Ger- mans, a kind of greater fiefs, which the emperor alone could confer.

This was done by the delivery of a ftandard, whence they had the name of Fahnelen, i. e. feuda vexilll We find them men- tion'd in the golden bull of the emperor Charles IV. an. 1356. Feudis principum exceptis, & illis qua Vanlehen vulgariter appel- lantur, quorum mveftitura?n Iff collationem foli imperatori, vel re~ gi Romano fpecialiier refervamus. Du Cange, Gloff. Lac. in voc. The word is more ufually written Fahnlehn.

FAIDA, in our old writers, is ufed for malice or deadly feud. Leg. Hen. 1. c. 88.

FAILURE of Record, in law, is ufed when an action is brought againft a man, who alledges in his plea matter of record in bar of the action, and endeavours to prove it by the record. The plaintiff replies mil iicl Record, that is, he denies there is any fuch record. Upon which the defendant has a day given him by the court to bring it in ; and if he fails to do it, he is faid to fail of his record, and the plaintiff fhall have judgment to recover. Terms de Ley.

FAINT Pleader, in law, a fraudulent, falfe, or collufive manner of pleading, to the deceit of a third perfon. Againft which among other things was made the ftatute, 3 Edw. 1. c. 29.

FAINTS, in the diftillery, the weak fpirituous liquor that runs from the ftill in rectifying the low wines, after the proof- fpirit is run off. Shaw's Lectures, p. 217.

Faints is alfo the laft runnings of all fpiritsdiftilled by the alem- bick. The clearing the worm of thefe, is lb effential a point in order to the obtaining a pure fpirit by the fticceeding diftil- lation, that all others are fruitless without it.

Faint vijion, in optics. See Vision.

FAINTING. See Lipothymia and Swooning.

FAIT, faclum, in law, is ufed for a writing lawfully executed to bind the parties thereto. See Deed, Cycl.

FAITHFUL, a defignation the mahometans aflume to them- felves. Hafin. Lex. in voc. Credentes. See Mussulman. Cycl

FAITIERE, in natural hiftory, the name of a fpecies of fhell- fifh, called by many authors, by a much lefs determinate name concha imbricata. The French have thus called it, from the word Faitage, which in the fame language, fignifies the roof of a houfe. The {hell is of the bucardium, or ox- heart kind, and has feven longitudinal ribs, and a great many laminse running tranfverfely acrofs them, fo that it greatly re- fembles the roof of a houfe, where the rafters and crofs beams are fcen while it is not covered with tiles.

FAITOURS, is ufed in the flat. 7. Ric. 2. cap. 5. for evil doers ; and may be interpreted idle livers, from (fays the au- thor of the Terms de Ley) Faitardife, which fignifies' a kind of fleepy difeafe, proceeding from too much fluggifhnefs. In the forementioned ftatute it feems fynonimous with vagabond.

FALANG, in our old writers, is ufed for a jacket or clofe coat. Blount.

FALANG1E, in the materia medica, a name given by fome of the antients to the ocymum or bafil. The Falangie mask is the fweet fcented bafil. Some of the commentators on the works of Avifenna, have fuppofed, that the fruit called fal, was the feed or fruit of this plant ; and that the word was only an ab- breviation of Falangie, but this is by no means right. See Fel.

FALCADE, in the manege. A horfe makes falcades, when he throws himfelf upon his haunches two or three times, as in very quick curvets, which is done in forming a ftop, and half- ftop. hfalcade therefore is the action of the haunches, and of the legs, which bend very low as in curvets, when you make a ftop or half ftop.

They fay, this horfe flops well, for he makes two or three falcades, and finifhes his ftop with a pefate. This horfe has no haunches, he'll make make no falcades. The falcades are fo much the prettier, that in making his haunches are low. Stop your horfe upon the haunches, in making him ply them well, fo that after forming h\s falcades, he may refume his gallop without making a pefate, that is, without flopping, or making one time. And thus he will make an half flop. See Stop, Haunches and Time.

FALCANOS, a name given by fome of the chymicai writers to arfenic.

FALCATA, in our old writers, was ufed for the grafs frefh mowed, and laid in fwathes.

FALCATOR, in our old writers, the fervile tenant who per- formed ferviceof falcature.

FALCATURE, Fakatura, in our old writers, fignifies one day's mowing of grafs; a cuftomary fervice to the lord by his in- ferior tenants. Kennefs Ghfs. in voc.

FALCINELLUS, in zoology, the name of a bird in fome fort refembling the herons, but with a fhorter beak. It is of a very beautiful colour, a fine gloiTy green with an admixture of a purplifh tinge ; the head and neck are brown, but the up- per part of the throat whitifh with black fpots; its beak is

like