Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/691

 EYE

flies, as well of the two-winged, as of the four-winged kinds; but there are alfo fome flies of both thefe clafles, in which they are wanting.

All the fpecies of gnats, and all the fpecies of tipuke, are without thefe fmooth Eyes. The heads of thefe fpecies of flies are very fmall, in proportion to the bulk of their body, and are, in a manner, covered with their reticular Eyes, which in fuch a manner meet and touch one another, as to leave no room nor occafton for the fmooth Eyes. Thefe flies have the want of their fmall Eyes amply made up by the fize and extent of the larger ; but there are fome other kinds which want them, but have not this advantage in their place. Of the two-winged flies, with fhort bodies, the gad flics want thefe Eyes; and, among the longer-bodied, and four-winged kinds, the flies, produced from the puceron eaters, want them.

Notwithstanding, therefore, that many fpecies of flies have thefe Eyes, there are yet fo many that want them, that if M. De La Hire's opinion, that the reticulated Eyes of flies were not true Eyes, held good, there mull be very many of thefe infects blind. Id. Ibid. p. 243.

Tho' molt of the flies that have thefe Eyes, have three of them, and thofe triangularly placed, yet there are fome that have more, and fome that have lefs, than that number. A certain fly which has two filaments attach'd to the hinder part of its body, and its hinder pair of legs fattened to the annular portion of its body, has four of thefe fmooth Eyes placed at the four corners of a fquare ; the two anterior tolerably large, and the two posterior fo fmall as to be fcarce diftingu'ifhablc. And other flies, as the papilionaceous ones, produced of water worms, have only two of them. Ibid. The pofltion of thefe Eyes varies alfo in the different fpecies of flics which are pofleifed of them, for tho' their ufual place is in the hinder part of the head, there are fome which have them before. Some fpecies of the ephemerons have three of thefe Eyes, which may he called large, in regard to their ufual fizc in other flies. The one of thefe is placed in the middle of the forehead ; the other two at the roots of the antenna;, placed fideways by them, but a little more backward. This fpecies has two reticular Eyes befide thefe, but they are fmallcr than is ufual in that fpecies of fly. Ibid. p. 244. Thefe Eyes are not peculiar to the fly clafs alone, fome other of the infects which have reticular Eyes, have thefe alfo, among which are the grafshopper, in which they are placed near the nofe.

Notwithstanding that thefe Eyes are not well diflmguifhed in flies, without the affiftance of glaffes, they may, however, fcrve very well for the distinctions of genera, among thofe fpecies which have them. Id. Ibid. p. 245. Thefe Eyes, though very fmall in themfelves, yet, in com- parifbn with the fingle Eyes, which form the reticular fort, they are very large. See Insect. Eyes of Horfes, in the manege, &c. Thefe mould be bright, lively, full of fire, pretty large, and full ; but not too big, gogling, or flaring out of the ho.d. They fhould alfo be re- folute, bold, apd brifk. A horfe, to appear well, fhould look on his object: fixedly, with a kind of difdain, and not turn his eyes another way.

In the Eye of a horfc is difcovered his inclination, health, and indifpofition. When the Eyes arc funk, or that the Eyebrows are too much raifed up, and, as it were, fwelled ; it is a fign of vicioufnefs and ill nature. When the pits above the Eyes are extremely hollow, it is, for the molt part, a certain fign of old age : This, however, does not hold of horfes got by an old ftallion ; for thefe have them very deep at the age of four or five years, as alfo their eyelids and eyebrows wrinkled and hollow.

Two things are chiefly to be confidered in the Eye of a horfe, viz. the cryftallinc part, and the bottom or ground. The cryftalline, or molt tranfparent part, fhould, for clear- nefs, refemble a piece of rock cryftal, otherwife the Eye 'can- not be good. When this part is reddifh, it is a fign that the Eye is inflamed, or elfe, as fome pretend, influenced by the moon. When it is of the colour of a withered or dead'leaf, upon the lower part, and troubled on the upper, it infalli- bly {hews that the horfe is lunatic ; which diflempcr conti- nues no longer than while the humour actually poileifes the Eye.

As to the ground, or bottom of the Eye, which is pro- perly its pupil, or apple, it fhould be large and full, and ought to be carefully infpected, that there be no dragon, as it is called, on it. This is a white fpot, or fpeck, which at firft appears no bigger than a grain of millet, but grows to fuch a bignefs, as to cover the whole apple of the Eye, It is incurable, never failing to make a horfe blind in the Eye where it is found. If the whole bottom of the Eye be white, or of a tranfparent greenifh white, it is a bad indication, tho' perhaps the horfe is not as yet quite blind : However, it ought to be obferved, that if you view a horfe's Eyes, when oppo- fite to a white wall, the reflection of it will make their apples appear whitifh, fomctimes inclining to green, tho' they be really good. When this is perceived, you may try whether his Eyes have the fame appearance in another place* 8

EYE

In cafe you perceive, above the bottom of the Eye, as it were two grains of chimney-foot fixed thereto, it is a fign the cry- ftalline is tranfparent ; and if, befides this, the fold bottom be without fpot or whitenefs, then you may infer that the Eyeh found.

You ought alfo to examine, whether an Eye which is troubled and very brown, be lefs than the other ; for if it be, it is irre- coverably loft.

All Eyes, which are final!, narrow, and have lon» pupils, run a greater rifk of loling the fight than any others. See

X3LINDNESS.

The- difeafes of the Eyes, in horfes, proceed either from a de- fluxion, or from fome external hurt. In the former cafe, the Eyes are watery, hot, red, and fwollen, the diftemper ad- vancing by degrees ; in the latter, the malady comes fpeedily to a height, and the fkin on the outfide of the Eye is peeled

If the diftemper takes it rife from a rheum, or defluxion, it is to be confidered, whether it proceeds from the Eye itfelf, or from another aggrieved part ; In the latter cafe, the redreflino- of the part will let the Eye free; in the former, it is proper to cool the horfe's blood with an ounce of fal prunella;, mingled every day with his bran ; and when it lefiens his appetite, to change it for liver of antimony, till he recovers his ftomach.

For fore Eyes, where a fkin is growing over them, the fol- lowing receipt is recommended : To the white of an egg add a little fine powdered fait ; then fet this on the fire till it be reduced to a powder. This, mixed with a little honey, is to be put into the horfe's Eye with a feather. If it is found in- fufficient to eat off the fkin, the powder alone mult be blown into the Eye with a quill.

In cafe of a blow on the Eye, take honey, and, having added a fmall quantity of powder of ginger, put it into the horfe's Eye ; or elfe take hog's-lard, with the oil of rofes arid elder, of each an equal quantity ; then, having melted them toge- ther, anoint the Eye therewith.

Some horfes have naturally tender weeping Eyes, which void a fharp eating humour ; thefe are eafily cured by wafh- ing or bathing them every morning and evening with brandy. See Horse.

Eye of the Branch of a Bridle, in the manege, is the uppermoft part of the branch, which is flat, with a hole in it, for joining the branch to the head-ftall, and for keeping the curb faft. We fay alfo, a horfe unjhod of one eye, which is a rallying ex- prefiion, importing that he is blind of an eye.

Eye of a Bean, in the manege, is a black fpeck, or mark, in the cavity of the corner teeth, which is formed there about the age of five and an half, and continues till feven or eight. And 'tis from thence that we ufually fay, fuch a horfe marks ftill, and fuch a one has no mark.

Eye of a Pear, die extremity oppofite to its ftalk. See the article Pear.

Eye, inafhip. The hole wherein the ring of the anchor is put into the (hank, is called the Eye of the anchor ; and the com- pafs, or ring, which is left of the ftrap to which any block is ieized, is called alfo the Eye of the ftrap.

Eye of a Tree, a fmall pointed knot, to which the leaves ftick, and from which the fhoots or fprigs proceed.

EYE-B]-ight. See Euphrasia.

Eye-brows Wounded. In wounds of this part, great care muft be taken to guard againft inflammations, left the Eyes fhould partake of the injury ; all hot and fliarp things muft be avoided, in eating and drinking, and the patient fhould be blooded, if plethoric ; the wound muft be dreffed with vulnerary balfams, and the dreffings covered with compreffe, dipped in cam- phorated fpirit of wine. If the wound be large, and the Eye- brow entirely divided, it will be neceffiry to ufe the future and drefs over it, with a vulnerary balfam, covering both Eyes, and keeping them as much as pcffible from motion. Shifter, Surg. p. 79.

Eye-eids Wounded. Wounds, either of the upper or lower Eyelid, will not readily heal, not fo much from the thinners of the parts, as from the great quantity of fluids with which, the Eye is continually moittened. It is neceffary, therefore, firft to foment the part with deco&ions of chamomile, hyffop, or eyebright, till the flux of the blood is flopped, and the wound well cleanfed ; then if the wound is tranfverfe, it muft be ftitch'd up in the middle with a fine needle, and fprinkled over afterwards with the powder of comfrey root, gum arabic, or other fuch medicines, or anointed with balm of Gilead, or Peru, or Capivi, laying over thefe applications a plafter of Diachylon, and tying it up in fuch a manner, that the Eye may have very little power to move about. If the wound is made lengthways, it will require feveral ftitches, and muft be drefled over them as before. Heijter's burgery, 79.

Eye-class, in our double microfcopes, is ufually a lens cor* vex on both fides ; but Euftacliio Divini long fince invented a microfcope of this kind, the power of which he places very greatly above that of the common fort j and this principally depending on the Eye-glafs, which was double, confitting of two plano-convex glaffes, fo placed as to touch one another in the middle of their convex furface. This inftrument is

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