Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/682

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fixed an imprecation upon the perfon who fhould rebuild it, which was accomplifhcd in Hiel the Bethelite many ages after. Potter, Archeeol. T. 2. p. 97.

EXECUTIONS (Cyd.)— Executione Judidi, inlaw, a writ directed to the judge of an inferior court, to do Execution upon a judgment therein, or to return fome reafonable caufe wherefore he delays the Execution, F. N. B. 20. If Execution be not done on the firft writ, an alias fhall iffue, and a pluries, with this claufe, Vd caufam nobis fignijices quare, &c. And if, upon this writ, Execution be not done ; or fome reafonable caufe returned why it is delayed, the party fhall have an attachment againft him who ought to have done the Execution, returnable in B. R. or C. B. New Nat. Br. 43.

EXEMPLIFICATION, in law, is a writ granted for the exemplification of an original record. Reg. Orig. 290.

EXERCISE, (Cyd.) in the military language, is ufedforthe practice of all thofe motions, actions, and management of arms, whereby a foldier is taught the different poftures he is to be in under arms, and the different motions he is to make to refill an enemy. Thefe he muff be perfect in, before he be fit for fervice.

EXERGASIA, E^yac-ia, la rhetoric, the fame with expojition. See Exposition, Cycl.

EXFOLIATIVUM, the name of a chirurgical inftrument, ufed to take off the vitiated furfaces of bone?, and ufually called a rafpatory at this time.

EXFREDIARE, in our old writers, denotes the breaking of the peace, or committing open violence. Leg. H. 1. c. 31. The word is formed from the Saxon Frede, peace.

EX GRAVI QUERELA, in law, a writ that lies for him to whom any lands or tenements in fee are devifed by will, (with- in any city, town, or borough, wherein lands are devifable by cuftom) and the heir of the devifor enters, and detains them from him. Reg. Orig. 244. Old Nat. Br. 87. And if a man devifes fuch lands or tenements unto another in tail, with re- mainder over in fee, if the tenant in tail enter, and is feized by force of the intail, and afterwards dieth without iffue, he in the remainder fhall have the writ, ex gravi querela, to execute that devife. New Nat. Br. 441. Alfo where a te- nant in tail dies without iffue of his body, the heir of the donor, or he who hatli the reveriion of the land, fhall have this writ, in the nature of a Formedon in the reverter. Ibid.

EXHALATION. See Vapour.

EXHEBENUM, in natural hiftory, the name of a white and fmooth (tone, ufed by the antient artificers in polifhing gold. It feems to be the fame with the lapis Samius, a fmall fmooth ftone which they often found in the Samian earth.

EXHIBITION, (Cyd.) Exhibit™, in our old writers, is ufed for an allowance of meat and drink, fuch as was cuftomary among the religious appropriators of churches, who ufually made it to the depending vicar. The benefactions fettled for the maintaining of fcholars in the univerfities, not depend- ing on the foundation, are alfo called Exhibitions. Paroch. Antiq. 304.

EXHORTATION, Hortatio, in rhetoric, differs only from fuajion, in that the latter principally endeavours to convince the underftanding, and the former to work on the affections. VoJ. Rhet. 1. 1. p. 31.

EXILIUM, inlaw, fignifies a fpoiling : And, by the ftatute of Marlbridge, it feems to extend to the injury done to te-

' nants, by altering their tenure, ejecting them, &c. And this is the fenfe that Fleta determines ; who diftinguifhes be- tween vajlum, dejiruclio, and Exilium. For he tells us, that vajium and deftruttio are almoft the fame, and are properly applied to houfes, gardens, or woods ; but Exilium is when fervants are enfranchifed, and afterwards unlawfully turned out of their tenements. — Vajlum eff dejiruclio fere (equipollent, cif convertibiliter fe habent in domibus, bojeis & gardinis ; fed Exilium did potertt, cum fervi manumitiuniur, aut a tene- ' mentis fuis injuriofe ejiduntur. Flet. I. 1. c. Ti.—Fendi- tionem vel Exilium non fadani de domibus, bofds vd bomini- bus, tkc. Stat. Marlb. c. 25.

EXITERIA, Efi-mfia, in antiquity, oblations or prayers to any of the gods for a profperous expedition or journey. Pott. Archseol. Grasc. 1. 2. c. 20.

EXOCtfiTUS, in ichthyology, the name of a genus of fifhes, of the malacopterygious or foft fin'd kind, the characters of which are thefe : The branchioftege membrane contains ten bones, four of which are broad, and are covered by the oper- cula of the gills, and all of them are very difficult to be counted. The pectoral fins are very long. There is but one fin on the back, and that is placed toward the lower part of it. The fcales are large. Artedi enumerates only two fpecies of this genus : The firft is the common mugil alatus of authors, or the flying fifli. The fcales of this are large, it refembles the mullet in fhape ; the head and body are compreffed, the fnout is fubacute, and the lower jaw is, when the mouth is opened, fomewhat longer than the upper. The eyes are not covered with a fkin. The mouth is fmall, and has no teeth, and the tongue is Render. The back fin is very fmall, and has thirteen bones. The pectoral fins reach to the tail, and have fixteen articulated bones, or, at leaft, nodofe ones, divided at the end into feveral ramifications. The belly is flat, and the anus is but a little way from the

tail. The inteftine is fingle, running ftrait from the throat to the anus. The fecond fpecies of the Exoc e ctus is the an- guilla of the Venetians. This is a fmall fifh of a ilhery co- lour, and pellucid; the mouth is large, and locks upward. The eyes are large. It has black fpots on the back. The pectoral fins have each fourteen bones. This fecond fpecies feems to belong to the genus of the gobii. See Tab. of Fifhes, N°. 41. Artedi, Gen. Pifc. 6. EXODIARIUS, among the Romans, the perfon who, after the drama or play was ended, fung the Exodium. See Exo-

DIUM, Cyd.

EXOLICETUS, in natural hiftory, a name ufed, among the writers of the middle ages, to exprefs a fmall ftone which had fuch a variety of colours, that it dazled, as they fay, peoples eyes in looking at them. It is faid to have been found in Lybia. The name is probably only a corruption of the hexacontalithos of Pliny, and the older writers ; and this feems to have been no other than a name for the opal.

EXOMIS, in antiquity, a ftrait narrow garment through which the moulders appeared. It had fomething in common with the tunic, and fomething with the paliium- Pitifc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

EXOMPHALIS, the name of a diftempered ftate of the body in fome foetus's, in which the vifcera, or part of them, are contained in a bag or fack hanging out from the navel. In one of thefe cafes, which Mr. Mery has given an account of, the infant was horn alive, but died after fourteen hours ; the tumour was very large, and, on opening it, the liver, fpleen, ftomach, and inteftines, were found all inclofed in it, yet its aperture at the navel was but little more than an inch in diameter. The moft natural conjecture, in this cafe, feemed that the vifcera had been forced out of the body by fome accident during pregnancy, and that the peritoneum, as they inlarged in growth, had extended itfelf, by de- grees, to the dimenfions of this fack. But, on a ftrict en- quiry, the fack was found to be compofed of a double' mem- brane, fo that it could not be a production of the peritoneum, which is fingle, but it muft neceflarily have been an extenfion of the membranes of the placenta, which, uniting, form the umbilical cord j and it was not lefs eafy to determine, that the vifcera could not have been forced out of the body, when at any confiderable growth, as the aperture was fo fmall, the liver alone being of fix times its diameter. It appears, there- fore, that in thefe cafes the vifcera get out while very fmall, and "grow and enlarge in their unnatural fituation. The pa- rent of the .infant, being afked if fhe had received any injury - during her pregnancy, could not recollect any, but only ob- ferved that, while young with child, fhe had been very ftrongly affected by the fight of the entrails of an ox hanging out of its belly at a butchers. Mem. Acad. Par. 17 16.

EXONEIROSIS, a nocturnal pollution, or emiffion of the fe- men in dreams. This, if it happen but rarely, is ufually a fign only of redundant vigour ; but if it happens frequently, is a fign of a weaknefs of the feminal veflels, which is moft fre- quently the cafe.

EXONERATIONE Secla, in law, a writ that lay for the king's ward, to be freed from all fuit to the county-court, hundred-court, leer, &c. during the wardfhip. F. N. B. 158.

EXONYCHOS, In botany, a name given, by fome of the antient writers, among whom are Diofcorides and Pliny, to the Gromwel orLithofpermum ; it had this name from its feeds, the hardnefs and texture of which were fuppofed to refemble the exterior part of the human nail ; hence this name was compofed of &|« and ow£ : But fome authors fuppofing this not fufficiently expreffive of the hardnefs of the feed, have called it aegonychon, refembling it to a goats claw, as that animal, being continually among rocks, its hoof, or claw, was fuppofed harder than that of other animals, whofe feet were not ufed in fuch hard places.

EXOPHTHALMIA, in medicine, is a protuberance of the eye, out of its natural pofition.

EXORMISTOS, in ichthyology, a name given, by fome of the old writers, to that fpecies of the petromyzon which other authors call the lampetra fiuviatilis, and we in Englifh the lampern. This is diftinguifhed by Artedi by the name of the petromyzon, with only one feries of fmall teeth in the verge of the mouth, and fome large ones below. See the articles Mustela, Lampetra, and Petromyzon.

EXOS Pifcis, in ichthyology, a name given by Gefner and Rondeletius, to the fifh which we call the hufo, or ich- thyocolla pifcis, from the drug called ichthyocolla or ifinglafs being procured from it. It is properly a fpecies of the ac- cipenfer, and is diftinguifhed from the common fturgeon by its having no tubercles. See Accipenser.

EXOSTOSIS, (Cyd.) is properly an acute eminence, or ex- crefcence, pufhing preternatural ly above the bone, but creating fometimes no difturbance, pain, or deformity, and unaccom- panied with a caries or fpina ventofa. When this is the cafe, it is always beft'to let it alone, for the attempt to remedy often proves much worfe than the difeafe, and, by laying the bone bare, a caries, or other inconvenience, is brought on. On the other^ hand, when thi3 diforder occafions pain, or defor- mity, or impedes any action, or produces other mifchief, it 2, may