Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/681

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finally ripens into a C2pfule of an oblong fhape, containing fmall feeds.

The fpecies of Eye-bright, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : i. The common Eye-brigbt. 2. The white- flowered more branched meadow Eye-brigbt. 3. The Iefs branched Eye-bright, with a bluifb purple flower. 4. The fmall alpine yellow-flowered Eye-bright. And 5, The nar- row-leav'd Eye-bright, with finely divided leaves. Tdurn, Inft. p. 174.

Eye-bright is much recommended in diforders of the eyes, efpecially weaknefs and dimnefs of fight. It is given in feve- ra| forms, but the powder of its leaves is thought moil ef- fectual, as well as fafeft, the dofe being from one to three drams. 'James, Med. Diet, in voc.

EUPHROSYNUM, in botany, a name ufed by Pliny, and fome other authors, for the common borage. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. See Borage.

EUREOS, in natural hiftory, the name of a ftone, defcribed by Pliny, and feeming plainly to be the fame with the teco- lithus, which he mentions in another place, and to be the ftone now called lapis Judaicus, and known at this time to be the petrify'd fpineof a fort of echinus marinus, or fea urchin. Pliny fays it was fhaped like the ftone of an olive, that it was regularly ftrlatcd, in the manner of fome lhells, and that it was of a whitifh colour, but not perfectly white. No one can mifs feeing that this is a good defcription of the lapis Judaicus ; and we are not to fuppofe it otherwife, becaufe Pliny has before defcribed that ftone under another name, ■without any reference to this ; fince we are to confider that Pliny was the general collector of the natural hiftory of his time, and took his accounts of things from different authors then extant, who did not pay the regard to one another that the modern writers do, of referring to each others work, fo that Pliny has often mentioned the fame thing twice under two names, as he found accounts of it in two different au- thors, without perceiving that they were defcribing the fame ftone. This particular is but one inftance of athoufand, that might be brought of this ; and much error has got into the world by means of it.

EURICHOR1A, a wordufed, by fome of the old writers in|me- dicine, to exprefs an internal finus, or cavity in ulcers, &c.

EURYNOMIA, Evpvvopux, in antiquity, an anniverfary folem- nity in honour of Eurynome, by fome thought to be the fame with Diana, by others one of Oceanus's daughters. Potter, Archseol. Grsec. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 397.

EUSEBES, the name of a fpecies of marble, mentioned by Pliny ; he has given us no defcription of it, but only tells us, that there was a feat made of it in the temple of Hercules at Tyre, from which the priefts pretended that the gods ufed to arife.

EUTHANASIA, in medicine, a foft and quiet death, or paf- fage out of this world.

EUTHYMIA, Ei^t*, among the Greeks, fignified fuch a difpofition, or ftate of the mind, as could not be ruffled either by good or bad fortune, by ficknefs or health, good or evil. Mem. Acad. Infcjipt. Vol. 14, p. 131.

EUTROPHIA, in medicine, is ufed for a due nourifhment of the body.

EWAGE, Ezvag'ium, in our old writers, the fame with Aquage, which is toll paid for water-pafTage. It is derived from the French eau, water.

EXACTIS, in natural hiftory, a name given by Linkius, and fome other authors, to a fpecies of ftar-fifh, of the more branched kind, whofe rays are fix in number, when they firft part from the body, but very foon branch out into a great number more. See the article Stella Marina.

EXACTOR Regis, in law, the king's exactor, or collector. Sometimes it is taken for the fheriff". But generally, £fou- cunque pubUcas pecunias, tributa, njiStigalia & res fifco debi- tas exigit, proprie nominatur exaclor regis.

EX ANASTOMOSIS, in medicine, is an opening of the extre- mity of the vefTels. Blancard. Lex. Med. in voc.

EXANNUAL Roll, in the old way of exhibiting lheriff's ac- counts, the illeviable fines and defperate debts were tran- fcribed into a roll, under this name ; which was yearly read, to fee what might be gotten. Hale's Sher. Ace. 67.

EXAUCTORATIO, among the Romans, differed from mijfio, or a difcharge. In the latter, the foldiers were quite difmified from thefervice; and this was done after they had ferved twenty years : But in the former cafe, they only loft their pay, being ftill kept under their colours or vcxiila, tho' not under the eagle, aquila, which was the ftandard of the legion. Whence, mftead of kgioiiarii, they were called fub- fignani, and were ftill retained till they had either ferved out their time, or had iands aifigned them. The Exaucloratio commonly took place after they had ferved feventeen years. Piti'jc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

EXCHEQUER (Cyci. )— The court of Exchequer is an antient court q{ record, for all matters relating to the revenues of the crown, Vid. 4 Inft. 103. 2 Inft. 104, 105, 551. In the Exchequer there are feven courts, 1. The court of pleas. 2. The court of accounts. 3. The court of receipt. 4, The court of Exchequer chamber, being the allembly of Suppl. Vol. I,

all the judges of England for matters in law. 5. The court of Exchequer chamber, for errors in the court of Exchequer. 6. The court of Exchequer chamber, for errors in the king's bench. 7. The court of equity in the Exchequer chamber. Vid. New Abr. Law, vol. r. p- 597.

By the 33d Hen. 3. cap. 39. the court of Exchequer has power to difcharge all debts and duties due to the kin<£, upon any equity dilclofed ; and it is by virtue of this act, that they difcharge recognizances ; and it feems, by the laid act, they may difcharge penal laws made before this ftatute ; but all penal laws made after the ftatute cannot be difcharged, but muft be compounded.

The court of Exchequer, in Scotland, has the fame power,- authority, privilege, and jurifdi&ibri over the revenue of Scotland, as the court of Exchequer in England has over the revenues there ; and all things and matters competent to the court of Exchequer in England, fo far as they relate to the king's revenue, are likewife competent to the Exchequer of Scotland. The judges are likewife inverted with the power of paffing fignatures, gifts, and tutories, and to revife and com- pound them in the lame manner as was done by the Lord HighTreafurer, commifiioners of the treafury, and court of Exchequer in Scotland, before the union. All ferjeants at law, barrifters at law, of five years ftanding, in any of th» four inns of court of England, and advocates of five years ftanding, in the college of juftice in Scotland, are qualified for being barons of this court ; whofe commiflions are ghiam dtufe bene gefferhit. Chamber/. Pr. State of Gr. Br. p. 386.

EXCIPIENT, in pharmacy, a term ufed to exprefs that ingre- dient in a compound medicine, the bufinefs of which is to re- ceive all the reft; fuch is the conferve in electuaries, the fyrup in bolufles, &'c.

EXCISION, in furgery, the cutting out, or cutting off any part of the body.

EXCLUSORIUM, in medicine, a name ufed, by lome, for fuch drugs, or compofitions, as are capable of producing abor- tion.

EXCUSATI, in church hiftory, a term ufed to denote flaves, who flying to any church for fanctuary, were excufed and pardoned by their matters ; but thefe were obliged to take an oath to that purpofe before they could have them again ; and, if they broke the oath, they were punifhed and fined as per- fons guilty of perjury. Hafm. Lex. in voc.

EXCUTlA Ventriculi, the Stomach Brujh, a name given, by modern furgeons, to an inftrument made of foft briftles, formed into a bundle, and fixed upon a flexible brafs wire, for cleanfing the throat, or even the ftomach. The jlomach brujb is compofed of foft hair faftened together into a bundle by a tvvtfted brafs or fteel wire, and the handle or Item of it is inverted with filk. This has been greatly re- commended, by fome, to remove foreign bodies out of the fauces and x-fophagus ; and, to fcower the ftomach. The me- thod of'ufing it is- this :

The patient is firft to drink a fmall draught of warm water, then the brufti is to be received into the cefophagus, and gently protruded down into the ftomach, by twitting round and round its handle, and, when in the ftomach, it is to be drawn up and down many times, like the fucker in a fyringe, and at length wholly extracted. The advantages faid to arife from this, are very great, fuch as the prolonging life to a gtcat age, and the like ; but few people have been Willing to try the effects of fo difagreeable and troublefome an operation. W edelius and Teichmeir have written exprefs treatifes on this inftrument, and one of them has attempted to prove it no new contrivance, but a tiling very early known, defcribed, and ufed in phyfic. Heijter*s Surgery, p. %, p. 2.

EXECRATION, Execratio, among the antients, a kind of puniftiment, confiding of direful curfes and marks of infamy. Livy relates an inftance of it, which was ufed againft Philip, king of Macedon, by the Athenians. A general affemblv of the people being called, they made a decree, that all the ftatues and images of that king, and of all his anceftors, bothi of the male and female fex, mould be demolished, and their very names razed ; that all the feftivals, facred rites, priefts, and whatever elfe had been inftituted in honour of him, fhould be profaned ; that the very places where there hail been any monument or infeription to his honour, mould be deteftable, and that nothing fhould be fet up, or dedicated in them, which could be done in clean places ; and laftly, that the public priefts, as often as they prayed for the Athe- nian people, allies, armies, and fleets, fhould as many times deteft and execrate Philip, his children, kingdom, land and fea forces, and the whole race and name of the Macedo- nians. Hoffm. Lex. in voc.

Cornelius Ncpos, in his life of Alcibiades, calls it devotion. At the taking and demolishing of a city, it was frequent to pronounce direful curfes and execrations upon whoever mould endeavour to rebuild it; which fome imagine was the reafon that Troy could never be raifed out" of its aflies, tho' feveral perfons attempted it, being devoted to eternal and ir- reparable ruin by Agamemnon. This feems to have been a very antient cuftom, and derived from the eaftern nations ; for we find Jofhua, at the deftrucfion of Jericho, to have 10 N fixed