Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/677

 ERZ

ointment made, of elder bark, or the rob of elder, are known to have performed great cures.

There is, befide the common kinds of the Eryfipelas, yet one more to be mentioned, which is always very terrible, and often fatal s this is an Eryfipelas of the lungs. In this cafe the patient is feized with a highly burning fever, and an acute pain both in the anterior and pofterior parts of the body, but efpecially about the fpine. He always holds his neck ftrait upright when he breathes, and his noftrils dilate with an excefsofheat and pain, and, in the more advanced ftages, his tongue hangs out of his mouth like that of a dog that pants With heat and wearinefs. He vomits fometimes bile, and at other times phlegm, and is fubjecT: to very frequent faintings : He coughs much, and either fpits not at all, or elfe a yellow- ifh or bloody matter. This difeafe almoft always proves mortal, and the only accident that can give the patient the leaf! hope, is its quitting the internal parts, and Clewing itfelf on the furface.

Heifter thinks that the grand intention, in the curing this dif- order, muft be to dilute the infpiffated blood, and break and divide it where it ftagnates and is obftrufted. Plenty of thin and weak drinks are therefore to be adminiftred, by which a gentle and lading fweat may be excited, and the teftaceous powders, and nitrous medicines, are frequently found alfo to have great and good effects. If the inflammation be but very flight, it is often cured by external warmth ; but when warmth alone does not prove fufEcient, cloths, with the rob of elder lpread upon them, are found of great benefit, being laid warm on the part, and kept on by warm comprcfTes, and the proper bandages. Ointments made of the middle green bark of elder, are alfo very beneficial ; and notwithstanding that many do not approve the practice, yet fpirit of wine cam- phorated, with a mixture of faffron and Venice treacle, are found often of very great fervice, applied warm with coarfe paper, or with linen rags : And a mixture of lime water, and fpirit of wine camphorated, often does great fervice. It fometimes happens, that an Eryfipelas comes to fuppuration ; and from this generally arifc the moft untraceable fpreading and eating ulcers. In this cafe, the ulcer is to be carefully cleanfed, and dreffed with ointments of cerufs, red lead, or litharge, and plafters of the fame ingredients ; and muft, at the fame time, take internal remedies to fweeten the blood, fome gentle purges, and a ftri£t regimen in regard to diet. Heijler's Surgery, p. 193.

ERYSIPELATODES, in medicine, is a fwelling like that of the Eryfipelas, tho' with eafier fymptoms ; and therefore may be taken for a kind of Bajlard Eryfipelas ; in this the fkin is of a more dark colour.

ERYTHOXYLUM, in botany, a name ufed, by fome au- thors, for the tree called arbor brafilia by others, the wood of which is the common brazil wood. Herm. Par. Bot. p. 2.

P' 333'

ERYTHREMA, a word ufed, by the old writers in medicine, to exprefs a rednefs of the cliecks, occafioned by the violent heat in fevers. Some alfo have applied the fame word in the plural number, to the red inflammatory eruptions in an eryfi- pelas. See Erysipelas.

ERYTHRINA, in botany, a name given, by Linnasus, to a genus of vegetables, called by Tournefort, Dillenius, and the generality of other writers, corallodendron, and coral. Lin- x&iGen. PI. p. 342. Teurn. 446. Dillen. Hort. Elth. 20. See Corallodendron.

ERYTHRINUS, in ichthyology, the name of a fifh, called by fome authors alfo the Rubcllio, Travolhw, and Alboro, or Ar- bore, by the Venetians. It is a fmall fifh, fomething like the aurata or gilthead in fhape, but much fmaller, and of a pale red colour all over. Its tail is very forked ; its nofe con- fiderably {harp, and its eyes very large, and with filvery irifes, with fometimes a flight tinge of red among the white. The mouth is final! , and the fore teeth broad, the hinder ones are ra- ther tubercles than teeth. The coverings of the gills are fcaly. It has only one back fin, the anterior rays or nerves of which are prickly, the others foft and fmooth to the touch. Rondeht. de Pifc. I. 5. c. 13. p. 144.

ERYTHRODANUM, in the materia medica, a name by which fome authors have called the rubia tincWum, or mad- der. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

ERYTHROPHTHALMUS, the Red Eye, in zoology, the name of a fifh of the bream kind, called, by fome, Rootang, which, in the German language, fignifies the fame. It very much refembles the common river bream in fhape, but that it is fomewhat thicker. The fins are all red, and the whole body of the fifh is ftained with a very elegant red, but no part of it fo much as the iris of the eyes. When the fcales are off the body is of a greenrfh hue, and it has a yellow fpot under the tongue. It much refembles the river mullet in fome particulars, but it is of a more beautiful colour, and its eyes are more red. Its largeft fize feems afoot in length. It is a well tafted fifh, and fpawns in May, under cover of the roots of trees. Ray's Ichthyography, p. 249.

ERZ, or ERZI, in the botanical writings of the antients, a

word ufed originally by the Hebrews, and by them made the

name of the cedar. The Arabian phyficians Serapio and Avi-

fenna ufe it alfo as the name of the cedar, but they do not

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keep ftri&ly to this, its proper meaning. They call common refin, or colophony, by the name retenegi, and tell us that it is produced by the Ar% or Alar%i. Hence it is plain, that they confounded together the names of the pine and fir kinds with the cedar ; but this is not peculiar to them, for we find Pliny making the cedria, or refin of the cedar, and the ce- drclseum, or oil feparated from it in melting, to be the fame with the common pitch and pilTelseum feparated from it ; and even the Greeks, as well as Latins in general, have con- founded and blended together all the trees which produced pitch or refin, and we find the fir, the pine, the cedar, and the turpentine tree, all called by the fame general names.

ESAPHE, a word ufed by Hippocrates, to exprefs the touching the mouth of the uterus, in order to difcover its ftate or dif- eafes,

ESCH, in ichthyology, a name given, by Hildegard and others, to the fifh we call the grayling, or umber, and the generality of authors, the thymallus. It is of the coregonus kind, and is diftinguifhed by Artedi by the upper jaw being longer, and the back fin containing twenty-three bones. The Germans call it afch, and the Italians temello.

ESCHARA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. They are of a ftony, or coral- like hardnefs, and refemble a woven cloth in their texture. Tourn. Infr. p. 576.

The fpecies of Efcbara, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The common retiporous Efcbara. 2. The fo- liaceous retiporous Efcbara. And 3. The great black hat- fafhion'd retiporous Efcbara,

ESCHAROPEPA, a word ufed, by the old writers in medicine, to exprefs a coarfe kind of barley meal, which had been tor- rified over the fire.

ESCHAROT1C (CycL)— A compofition, of fulphur, rofin, and honey, proves an Efcbarotic, with little or no pain. LeDran. Obf. Cbir. Tom. 2. Obf. 100.

ESCHATON, in mufic, the difference between the diefis en- harmonica and the hyperochc ; that is, what remains, after taking the difference between the femi-tone minor and dieiis enharmonica, from the latter. Hefifling in Mile. Berolin. Vol. 1. p. 279, 280. Thus the difference between the femi-tone minor and the en-

harmonic diefis is -

diefis,

12S

24 125 3072

and this taken from the

This interval is about -^- of a 125 3072 390625 100

comma, as will eafily appear by logarithms. Mr. Henfling has taken notice of this interval. He calls it Efcbaton, from its being the leaft and the laft interval that occurs in his fyftem. The word is Greek, \G%a.iw. Ibid. p. 265. faq. b'ee Interval.

ESCHEL, in mineralogy, a term ufed, by the fmalt workers, to exprefs a fort of grey fubftance refembling afhes, which is ufually mixed with the fmalt when in fufion. This is care- fujly feparated from it, before it is powdered for ufe, other- wife it would debafe the colour. Phil. Tranf. N°. 396-

ESCLAME, in the manege, an obfolete French word, for- merly ufed to fignify a light bellied horfe.

ESCROW, a deed delivered to a third perfon, to be the deed of the party making it, upon a future condition, when fuch a thing is performed j and then it is to be delivered to the party to whom made. It is to be delivered to a ftranger, mentioning the condition s and has relation to the firft deli- very. 2 Roll. Abr. 25, 26. 1 Inft. 31.

ESCULUS, in botany, a name given, by many authors, to the pbagus, or fweet oak, called alfo the efculent oak. C. Bau- hin. Pin. p. 320.

ESEBON, a name given by fome of the chemical writers, to common fea fait.

ESNECY, JEfnecia, Dignitas Primogeniti, in law, a pri- vate prerogative, allowed to the eldeft Coparcener, where an eftate is defcended to daughters for want of heirs male, to chufe firft after the inheritance is divided. Fleta. 1. 5. c. 10.

Jus Efneciee is Jus Primogenitures ; in which fenfe it may be extended to the eldeft fon, and his iiTue, holding firft : In the ftatute of Marlbridge, c. 9. it is called Initio pars herediia- tts. Co. Lit. 166.

ESOX, in ichthyology, the name of a genus of fifhes, the cha- racters of which are thefe : They are of the malacopterygious or foft finned kind. The branchiostege membrane contains fourteen bones. The body is oblong ; the back fin not large, and is placed very near the tail. The fpecies of this genus, enumerated by Artedi, are thefe : 1. The Efox with a de- prefled fnout ; this is the common pike, the lucius of au- thors. The lower jaw is longer than the upper, and the vertebrae are fixty-one in number. 2. The Efox with a cuf- pidated long, (lender, and cylindric fnout ; this is the acus primus of authors, and is called, in Englifh, the garfifb. The lower jaw ia longer than the upper. It is evident that authors of old times diftinguifhed but very badly the characters of fifties, when they called this and the fyngnathus by the fame name acus. 3. The Efox with the upper jaw longeft, and with the mil fquare. This is the fifh called by Lifter, in his appendix to Willughby, the acus maxima fquammofa. 10 M Thj",