Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/660

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agree in not fubdividing if.-P Phil. TranC ibid l Vid. Wallis, appendix ad Ptolem. Harmon, p. 165, 166.J

ENGAMOS, in natural hiftory, the name given by the people of fome parts of Guinea, to a root very common there, and much refembling our larger fort of turneps, but not fo iweet or juicy : They commonly boil thefe w.th their pattatas, in the fame kettle with their meat. The latter of thefe roots, which is confiderably different from our potatoe, gives a hne flavour to the whole, and makes the broth and meat ta ire as if rofe- water were added to it. The Engamos alfo partake ot the flavour, and, in this cafe, become very agreeable. Phil. Tranf. N°. log. ,, ... «

ENHYDROS— Some of the antients have fuppofed this Hone fo called, becaufe its furfacc was always wet, as if by the effea of water ouzing from within. But Pliny tells us di- reftly the contrary, that the water was contained within, and made no fhew on the outfide, and that the furface of the (tone was white and fmooth. From this it appears, that the Enbydrm of the Romans, or at lead the kind known to Pliny, was not the ferrugineous one, common in our time, but the flinty kind. Of thefe we alfo have fome in England. They are, as he fays, white and fmooth on the furface, and are flints perfedly round, covered with a white cruft, of the big- nefs of a large apple, and containing a quantity of water, lodged in their central cavity, and rattling in it on ihaking.

ENLARGE, in the manege, is ufed for making a horfe go large, that is, making him embrace more ground than he before covered. This is done when a horfe works upon a round, or upon volts, and approaches too near the center, fo that it is defired he fliould gain more ground, or take a greater compafs. To enlarge your horfe, you fhould prick him with both heels, or aid him with the calves of your legs, and bear your hand outwards. If your horfe narrows, he is enlarged by pricking him with the inner heel, and fuftaining him with the outer leg, in order to prefs him forwards, and make his fhoulders go. Upon fuch occafions the riding-mailers cry only large, large. See In.

ENNEACTIS, in natural hiftory, a name given, by Linkius, to a fort of ftar-fifh, of the more branched or aftrophyte kind, which has only nine rays, where they firft part from the body, but thefe divide into a vaft number of others after- wards.

ENNEAHAEDRIA, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus offpars. The word is derived from the Greek <W, nine, and »5f«, a fide.

The bodies of this genus are fpars, compofed of nine planes, in a trigonal column, terminated at each end by a trigonal pyramid. Of this genus there are four known fpecies. I. One with long pyramids, and a ihort column, found in the mines of Germany, and fometimes with us in Devonihire and Cornwall. 2. One with very long and (lender pyramids, and a ihort column. This is found in the iron mines, in the foreft of Dean. 3. A (lender kind, with very ihort pyramids, found in England and Germany, but no where fo plentifully as in Ireland. 4. One with ihort flat pyramids, and a ihort column. This is very frequent in the mines of Goflelaer in Saxony, and fometimes is fecn in England. Hill's Hift. of FoiT. p. 208.

ENNEANDRIA, in botany, a clafs of plants, with herma- phrodite flowers, and nine ftamina, or male parts, in each. The word is derived from the Greek, •»■«, nine, and «n'f, male. The plants of this clafs are the bay- tree, rhubarb, Ufc.

ENNEEMIMERIS is one kind of the Cafura of a Latin yerfe, where, after the fourth foot, there is an odd fyllable ending a word, which helps to make the next foot with the following word ; as in this inftance,

Ilk lotus Niveum Molli fultus Hyacinths. where all the four kinds of the Ctsfura occur.

ENNEOPHTHALMOS, in zoology, a name given, by fome, to the lamprey. TVillughby's Hift. Pifc. p. 107.

ENNERIS, in the antient ihip-building, a name given to thofe galleys, or veflels, which had nine tires of rowers. Thefe were of a very confiderable fize ; tho' Meibom has found fo convenient a method of placing the rowers, that he has taken off very much from that immenfe height others fuppofed they had above the water. We read of the teflaracontes, and other amazing veflels of this fabric j that of Philopater having forty rows of oars, and that of Ptolemy Philadelphus thirty ; and fome others which are fpoken of, twenty. It has been difpiited by many, whether fuch large veflels as thofe were ever actually built, or ufed ; but Meibom gives great reafon to believe, that they really were, tho' he, at the fame time, alledges againft Salmafius, and the more {anguine admirers of the works of the antients, that very few veflels were built larger than thefe Enneres 9 or nine tired ones, and proves it from Livy and Plutarch, and from Polybius. We are apt to admire, in many cafes, what we ought alfo to imitate, but never attempt it. This is the cafe in thefe galleys; and Meibom, who has given the rules of this antient naval archi- tecture, is of opinion, that by imitating it at prefent, our modern galleys and galleafies might be built much more con-

ENS

veniently both for ftrength and celerity, and alfo at lefs ex* pence than they are at prefent. Meibom, deTrirem. The modern form is indeed allowed to be better than theirs but if, in the ftru&ure, the proportion of the long fhips of the antients were obferved, we might greatly improve them ; in our way of five men fitting at one oar in the galleafles, much ftrength is wafted to no purpofe, becaufe they fit too near to the fulcrum, or ftay, whereas a fmaller number of rowers, at a greater diftance from the ftay, would give more ftrength, and throw the veflel along much more fwiftly, and would require lefs charge. Galleys of this fort, thus managed at a fmall expence, would be found of great ufe in the larger rivers, and in the ftiallow feas, and therefore convenient for the Bal- tic, the Britannic, and the Mediterranean feas, and would be the moft ufeful of all veflels for the tranfporting great numbers of forces.

ENOLMIS, Erotyuc, in antiquity, a defignation given to Apol- lo's prieftefs at Delphi, becaufe fhe fat on the tripod which was called olmos, ofy*©*. Hence alfo Apollo is called Enolmos, EvoAf*©-. Pott. Archseol, Graec. 1. %. c. 9. T. 1. p. 275.

ENORAINE, in the manege, a wither-wrung horfe, or one that is fpoilcd in the withers. The word is obfolete. Guillci.

ENORCHIS, in natural hiftory, the name given, by many au- thors, to that fpecies of /Elite!, or eagle-ftone, in which the callimus, or internal nucleus, is not loofe, fo as to rattle in it when Shaken, but remains fixed to one fide. The Ger- mans call this Hodenjiein. The outer cruft is ufually of a whitifh colour, and the internal nucleus is yellowifh o.r brownifh, and it is ufually of the fize of a pigeon's egg, and of the fhape of the human tefticle ; whence the name.

ENRICHING Plants, a term ufed, by the Englifh fanners, to exprefs fuch plants as are found to do good to land, rather than to exhauft it, and in confequence of which the fame piece of land will produce a good crop of corn, tho' it would, without the afiiftance of their having been planted on it, have yielded a very poor one. The myftery of this difference between plants, fome of which are found to burn up, that is, impoverifh land, while others enrich it, and leave it fitter for fucceeding crops than they found it, had been long a perplexing thing to account for. Though it was eafy to conceive that fome plants might exhauft the earth more, and others lefs, yet it was hard to conceive, while all exhaufted it in fome de- gree, how any could leave it better than they found it ; but this was at length explained by Mr. Tull. This author hav- ing obferved, that breaking the earth, by digging, or horfe- hoing, between the plants, gave them great encreafe, found that it was this practice that enriched the earth, and that, while corn and fuch plants as ftand clofe, and cannot be hoed between, impoverifh the ground, and fufter no means of enriching it again to be ufed, there were fome other things, the crops of which being planted thinner, gave room to the earth to be plowed, dug, or hoed between, and that thefe were the plants which were called the enriching kind, by the farmers ; and the whole fecret lay in this, that the homg, plowing, or otherways breaking the earth between them, in order to kill the weeds, enriched the ground greatly more, in proportion, than thefe plants exhaufted it ; and the confe- quence was, that though they had thriven very well, yet the earth was left richer than before, notwithstanding all that they had imbibed from it. Tull's Horfehoing Hufbandry, p. 37. On this obfervation, this excellent author feems to have founded the fyftem of what he calls horfehoing hufbandry, concerning which he has written a large and ufeful treatife. He found that this ftirring up of the earth enriched it fo greatly, that, where it was ufed in a proper manner, the kind of plant need not be changed, but that the fame earth would yield a fucceflive feries of crops of the fame plant, and, that even without dunging, or ever lying fallow, and every crop, for a long time, would be better than the former ones. The me- thod of fowing, to this purpofe, is not by fcattering the corn with the hand, but fowing it in rows, and leaving large inter- vals between, the naked earth of which might be turned up by the hoe. See the articles Interval and Hojng.

ENSAL, in the materia medica, a name ufed, by fome authors, for the common fmall cardamom of the fliops. Herman. Muf. Zeyl. p. 66.

ENSIFORM Leaf, among botanifts. See Leaf.

ENSIGNS, in a Ihip, are thofe colours which are placed in the ftern, or poop. There are few fhips, whether men of war, or merchants, but have their Enftgns. Their chief ufe is, that when any ftrange fhips meet at fea, or make into any harbour, by heaving out the colours in the poop, that is, put- ting thefe enftgns abroad, they difcover of what part and country they are. Thus the Britifh heave out their colours with the union crofs ; and fo all other countries with fome particular diftinction, whereby they may be known. The Enftgns ferve alfo for many other ufes. See Flag, Cycl.

Roman Ensigns. See the article Signa.

ENS {Cycl.) — En Sprimum Solium, a name given by Paracelfus to a preparation of fea fait, which he calls alfo a perpetual oil, and fal circulatum, which fee.

ENS1ASIS, Ew-ae-is, in logic, a manner of replying to an op- ponent.