Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/618

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about nine inches {pace between the two ends; and let it have its full thicknefs at the bottom, that it may receive into it a falfe piece ; in the five corners of which, there are to be let in five pieces of looking-glafs.Thefe are to be fo fixed, that they may dart their light upwards, and the whole machine is to be fupport- ed on a moveable pin, with the end of a long line fixed to it ; and made in the manner of the chiklrens play-thing of an apple and a plum-ftone ; fo that the other end of the cord being carried through a hedge, the barely pulling it may fet the whole machine of the glafles a turning. This and the other contrivances are to be placed in the middle between the two nets. The larks fixed to the place, and termed calls, and the glittering of the looking- glaffes, as they twirl round in the fun, invite the other larks down; and the cord that communicates with the nets, and goes through the hedge, gives the perfon behind an opportu- nity of pulling up the nets, fo as to meet over the whole, and take every thing that is between them. The places where this fort of fporting fucceeds bed are open fields remote from any trees or hedges, except one by way of fhelter for the fportfman, and the wind ihould always be either in the front or back ; for if it blows Tideways, it prevents the playing of the nets.

DORONICUM, Leopard's Bane, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the flower is of the radiated kind; its disk is compofed of flofcules, and its outer edge of fern i flofcules, all [tending upon embryo's, and inclofed in a funnel-like, or bafon-like cup. The em- bryo's finally become feeds winged with down, and affixed to the thalamus of the flower.

The fpecies of Doronicu?n enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe: I. The fvveet rooted Doronkam. 2. The branched or fcorpion-rooted Doroniaan. 3. The broad leaved fcorpion- rooted Doroniaan. 4. The plantain leaved Doronkum. 5. The German plantain leaved Doronkum. 6. The long leaved rough and hairy Doronkum. 7. The broad leaved large flowered Doronkum, 8. The largeft Doronkum with leaves furrounding the ltalks. 9. The black rooted Doronkum. 10. The Por- tugal plantain leaved Doronkum. The Doronka are all efteemed poifonous. I'ourn. Inft. p. 487.

DoRomci Radix, in the materia medica, the name of a root kept in the (hops in fome places, but at prefent little ufed. It is a fmall yellow root, appearing white when broken, of a fwcet artringent tafle, and vifcous in the mouth. The faireft and plumper!: roots fhould be chofen, and fuch as are frefli dried, or at leaft not worm eaten. The root is brought from the mountains of SwifTerland, and fome other places. The plant which produces it is the Doronkum Officinarum of Gerrard, and is kept with us in the gardens of the curious. The leaves arc broad, and the flower is yellow, and of the-fize of a marygold.

It is faid to be an alexipharmic, but is not ufed in the pre- fent practice. Authors are indeed not at all agreed about its nature; fome accounting it a very valuable medicine, and others a poifon. Pomcth Hilt, of Drugs, p. 40.

DORSCH, in ichthyography, the common name of fmall fifh of the cod kind, frequent in the Baltick, but more rare in other feas, and called by authors the afellus varius, or ftria- tus. It is remarkable for having the fmoothefr. and fofteft skin of all the cod kind ; neverthelefs it has fmall fcales. It is ufuaily caught of a foot, or q little more, in length. Its head is proportionably fmaller than the haddocks, and ends in a {harper point; the jaws being both alfo furnifhed with teeth, its mouth opens very wide, its back and the upper part of its fides are black, or of a dusky brown, and fometimes, efpeci- ally in winter, is of a paler greyifh colour, and fpotted with black ftreaks. The lines running from the gills to the tail are one on each fide, and are whitifh. Its belly is of a greyifh or yellowifh white. It approaches neareft to the fpecies called the whiting pollack, but differs from it in having a beard. It is a fine fifh. for the table. Willoughby, Hift. Pifc. p. 172.

DORSI {Cyd.) — Dorsi primus, in anatomy, a name given by Fallopius, and many other authors, to a mufcle, now gene- rally known by the name of ^uadratus Lumborum, or the external lumbal mufcie. See Quadratus.

DORSTENIA, in botany, is ufed by Plumier, and fome other authors, for the plant of which the contrayerva ufed in medi- cine is the root. Plum. Nov. Gen. 29. T. 8, '

Dorstenia, in the Linna^an fyftem, is ufed for a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : the cup is a com- mon involucrum, large, of a fat figure, and angular, covered with the common receptacle of the flowers, and with nume- rous very fmall flowers in it. Each fingle perianthium is qua- drangular, hollow, buried in the common involucrum, and growing to it. There are no petals. The ftamina are four flender and very fhort filaments. The antheras are roundifh. The geunen of the piftillum is roundifh, the ftyle fimple, and the ftigma obtufe. The common receptacle becomes thick and flefhy, and contains the feeds which are numerous and fmall. Liwtai Gen. Plant, p. 50.

DORSUM Pifcium. The back in fifhes is a part from which authors take the characters of fevera] of their diflinifions. Its principal differences taken notice of by Artedi ate thefe: con-

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fidered in regard to its length, it is either ((rait as ■ the pike, (St. or gibbofe, riling up into a prominence' in th" middle, as in the pearch, bream, and many other fifh Tl confidered tranfverfly, it is either flat, as in the pike; or co'" vex, as in mod: other fifties ; or finally, it is formed into"" fubacute angle, as in the pagrus and fome others. Fro * the confideration of the back, the ichthyologifts generally i^ fcend to the fides : thefe alfo are the fubjedt of feveral \\~ rafters and diftinclions, as they are in the different fifti mo*" or lefs flat, or more or lefs convex. The bread and bell 2 follow thele in defcription, and their principal differences are their being convex, as in the petromyzon, the eel, tic. or flat as in the pike, the bream, and many others; or finally' raifed or pointed, with a ridge or acute angle, as in the clupeie. There is alfo another Angularity, which is, that in fome the belly and breaft are flat, but the lower part of the belly, between the ventral fins and the anus, is contrafted into a fort of fharp angle : this is feen in fome of the cyprini Artidi Ichthyolog. '

DORYCNIUM, in botany, a name given by fome to the up- right umbcllated filvery bindweed, called by others Cneorum. See the article Convolvulus.

DORYDREPANON. See the article Drepanon.

DORYPHORI, an appellation giyen to the life-guard-men of the Roman emperors. They were held in fuch high eft ima- tion, as frequently to have the command of armies conferred on them.

It was ufual alfo for chief commanders to have their Dorypha- ri, or life-guard, to attend them. Pitife. Lex. Ant. in voc.

DOSENS, (freight cloths made in Devonfhire, and fo called in Rot. Pari. 2 Hen. 5. See Dowseines.

DOSSER, a fort of basket to be carried on the moulders of men. It is ufed in carrying the overplus earth from one part of a fortification to another, where it is wanted. There are likewife fmall carts and wheel-barrows for the fame ufe. Gw'A let. Gent. Diet, in voc.

DOSSIL, in furgery, is lint made into a cylindric form, or re- fembling the fhape of dates or olive-ftones. Doffih are fome- times fecured by a thread tied round their middle. Heift. Sur- gery, Introd. §. 53,

DOTE (Cyd.)— Dote AJJigncmila, in law, a writ that lay for a widow, where it was found by office, that the king's tenant was fcized of tenements in fee, or fee- tail, at the day of his death ; and that he held of the king in chief, csV. in which cafe, the widow came into the Chancery, and there made oath, that file would not marry without the king's leave. Anno 15. Edw. 3. c. 4. And hereupon file had this writ to the efcheator; for which fee Reg. of writs, fol. 207 and Fitz. Nat. Br. fo). 263. 7 '

Thefe widows are called the king's widows.

Dote unde nihil habet, in law, a writ of dower that lies for the widow againft the tenant, who bought land of her husband in his lifetime, whereof he was folely feized in Fee-fimple or Fee-tail, in fuch fort, as the iffue of them both might have inherited. Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 147.

Doris Jdmtnfuratione. See Admeasurement, Cyd. and Reg. of Writs, fol. 17 r.

DOTTERELL, in zoology, the name by which the mainel- lus is commonly known in moft parts of England. See Mai- nellus.

DOTTO, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome authors to a fpecies of the emerald, which was of a good green, but not clear or fine.

DOUBLE (Cyd.)— Double, in the manege. A horfe is faid to double his reins, when he leaps feveral times together to throw the rider. Thus we fay, this Ramingue doubles his reins, and makes Pontlevis. See Ramingue and Pontlevis.

Double Cajl, in husbandry, a term ufed by the farmers for that method of fowing that does not difpenfe the neceffary quantity of ktd. for a piece of land at one bout, but reouires the going over it every where twice in a place. Plot.Oxf.p.zz 1.

Double Horizontal Dial, one with a amble gnomon, whereof one points out the hour on the outward circle, and the other fhews the hour on the ftereographic projection drawn upon it. This dial finds the meridian, hour, the fun's place, rifinff, fetting, C3V. and many other propofitions of the globe. See Dial, Cyd.

Double Dancette, in heraldry. See Dancette, Cyd.

Doubles, in our ftatutes, fignify as much as letters patent, be- ing a French word made of the Latin diploma. Anno 14 Hen 6. c. 6.

DOVE, in zoology. See Columba.

Tctfg-DovE. See the article RlKG-Dove.

DOVELLA, in ichthyology, a name given by the Maffilians to the fifh called the donzelhna : by the Italians, it is the Julia or julis of authors; and, according to the Artedian fyftem, it is a fpecies of the labrus. That author diftinguiflles it by the name of the labrus of variegated colours, with two large teeth in the upper jaw. See Labrus.

DOULEIA, Aoi/>,e<a, among the Athenians, a kind of punilh- ment by which the criminal was reduced into the condition of a flave. It was never inflified upon any but the Ati/m, <o-

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