Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/616

 D O L

DoGG&R-y^j, in our ftatutes, feem to be fifli brought in the fifhing veffels, called Doggers, to Blacknefs Haven, &c. anno 31 Edw. 3. Stat.' 3. c. 2.

Dogger-wot, fifliermen belonging to Dogger &\$s. 25Hen. 8. c.4.

DOGGET. See Docket.

DOGS-BANE, Apecynum, in Botany, the name of a plant, which conftitutes a large genus, the characters of which are thefe : the flower confiits of one leaf and is made in the faihion of a bell, but not regularly figured in all the fpecies. In fome the flower "is bell fafhioned, and divided into feveral fegments -, and from its cup there arifes a piftil, which perfo- rates the bottom of the flower, and is fixed to its hinder part like a nail; this changes into a fruit, compofed of two vagina?, and opening from the bafe to the apex, and filled with large quan- tities of feeds, winged with down, and fixed to a rough pla- centa. Toumefort's Inft. p. 91.

In others the flower is bell fafhioned, and is multifid and in- verted ; and its middle is filled by a very elegant head, com- pofed of five little horns expanded into a circle ; to the lower part of this head there is affixed a piftil, which is joined to it in the manner of a nail ; this arifes from the cup, and finally ripens into a fruit, compofed of two vagina, which open from the bafe to the apex, and contain numerous feeds, winged with down, and placed in the manner of fcales, and affixed to a fallacious placenta. To this, it is to be added, that the Apoeynums all abound with a milky juice. The fpecies of Apocynum enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The upright, hoary, broad leaved Egyptian kind, called by many authors Beidclfar. 2. The hoary broad leaved erect kind of malabar, with purpliih white flowers. 3. The hoary broad leaved erect American kind, with pale bluifh red flowers. 4. The hoary broad leaved erect Syrian kind, with fmall dusky purple flowers 5. The great erect Syrian kind, with green ftalks and whitifh flowers. 6. The narrow leaved erect Syrian kind. 7. The fmall erect American kind, with very long and narrow leaves. 8. The Virginian kind, with a green flower, and very long pod. 9. The Indian -Apocynum, with leaves like thofe of the tutfan, and flowers like thofe of the lilly of the valley, and of a beautiful reddifh colour. 10. The round ifli leaved Apocynum. 11. The Venetian, willow leaved fea Dogsbcmc with purple flowers. This has been called very improperly by fome a tithymal, efula, and alypam. 12. The hairy Apocynum of New England, with a tuberous root and yellow flowers. 13. The Dogsbane of Curallb, with long leaves, like thofe of oleander, and with a fibrofe root, and orange coloured flowers. 14. The broader leaved orange coloured flowered Dogsbane of Curafio. 15. The erect Afri- can Dogsbane, with a broad, fmooth, and willow like leaf, and a hairy pod. 16. The green climbing Apocynum, with periwinkle leaves, and a hairy fruit. 17. The hoary climb- ing Dogsbane, with periwinkle leaves. 18. The climbing African Dogsbane, with a tuberofe root, like that of afphodell, and very narrow leaves. 19. The American Apocynum, with leaves like thofe of the agnus caftus. 20. The climbing American Dogsbane, with a large hairy yellow flower, and very long and flender pods. 21. The long almond leaved Ame- rican Dogsbane. 22. The climbing American Dogsbane, with almond like leaves, and pods like thofe of the emerus. 23. The climbing American Dogsbane, with pods rough at the end, and flicking to peoples cloaths. 24, The citron leaved, climbing American Dogsbane, with fpotted pods. 25. The bay-leav'd and climbing American Dogsbane, , with white umbellated flowers. 26. The Tree Dogsbane of the Canaries, looking like .-eleagnus, And 27. The fhrub by the Spanifh Dogsbane, with leaves like thofe of toad's flax. Moftof the fpecies arepoilbnous. Town. Inft. p. 92.

DOG's-taz'/, in Botany. See Cynosurus.

V>oc' s-tectb, in anatomy. See Dentes Caninz.

DoG's-tooib. in Botany. See Dens Canh.

Doc-zuood — This wood, when put into water, is fa id to ftupify fifli there, fo that they are ealily taken with the hand. It is ufed in America for this purpofe, and the method is to tie it to the flem of the fifhing boat. See Boyle's Works abr. vol. 1. p. 137. It is the wood of a fpecies of cornus.

DOITKIN, a kind of bate coin of fmall value, prohibited by the ftatute 3 Hen. 5, c. 1. Hence came the phrafe, Not worth a Doitkin.

DOLABRUM, among the Romans, a kind of knife ufed in facrifices among that people. Vid. Hift. Acad. Infcript. T. 2.

P- 345-

DOLE, (Cycl.) in the law of Scotland, is ufed for a malevolent intention. The word is taken from the civil law term Dolus.

. Dole, in the law of Scotland, as well as in the civil law, is an efiential ingredient to conftitute an action criminal. In crimes wherein the will, not the event muft be regarded, no negli-

. gence can equal Dole ; unlefs the negligence be fo extremely fupine, as not to be conceivable without implying Dole,

• Under Dole are comprehended the vices and errors of the will, which are immediately productive of the criminal fact, though not premeditated, but the effect of fu'dden paffion. In this refpect Dole differs from what the Englifh law calls malice.

D O L

However both laws agree in this, that the bare intention ver brought forth into act, is no crime ; yet giving Cuuniel to perpetrate, and the fact following, is. DoLE-JiJb, in our ftatutes, feems to be that fifli, which the fifliermen, yearly employed in the north leas, do of cuftum receive for their allowance or (hares. V, fiat. 35 Hen, 8. c. 7, DOLET, in natural hiftory, a word ufed by Tome writers, in

medicine, for red vitriol, or colcothar of vitriol. DOLG-BOTE, in the Saxon laws, a recompence, amends, or fatisfaction, made for a fear or wound. Sax. Did. LL. Aluredi Regis, c. 23. DOLICHODROMUS, in the antient exercifes, one who ran

the length of a Dolichos. See Dolichos. DOLICHOLITPIOS, in natural hiftory, a name given by fome authors to a fpecies of ftone, of a blackifli colour, and of the fhape of a kidney bean, found in great abundance about Tyrol, and yielding a fmell on rubbing. DOLICHOS, in Botany, the name of a genus of plants of the papilionaceous kind ; the characters of which are thefe : the perianthium is compofed of one leaf; it is very fhort, and is divided into four fegments at the end ; the upper fegment is emarginated. The flower is of the papilionaceous kind ; the vexillum is roundifh, large, and emarginated, and is wholly bent backward ; and there are two callous oblong bodies run- ning parallel to one another, and growing in the tender part of the vexillum toward its bafe. Thefe comprefs the aire together : the alse are of an obtufe oval figure, and are of the length of the carina : the carina is comprefled, the filaments are diadelphous, and the anthems are fimple. The germen of the piftil is flender and comprefled, the ftyle points upward, the ftigma is bearded, and runs from the middle of the inner part of the ftyle to its apex, which is callous and obtufe. The fruit is a large pod of a pointed ob- long figure, it is bivalve, and is divided into two cells ; the feeds are of an elliptic figure, and ufually are comprefled. This plant approaches greatly to the phafeoli, but is diftin- guifhed at firft fight by the carina of the flower, which is not fpiral, as in that genus. LinnmGetx. PI. p. 350. Dolichos, in antiquity, a word ufed by different writers in different fenfes. The antient phyficians underftood by it long or prolix, and ufed it in this fenfe in their defcriptions of dif- eafes. Others ufed it for the fruit or pod of the kidney bean. Suidas makes it fignify a race, or courfe, of twelve ftadia, or of twenty-four. DOLIUM, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of fhells, called by fome conches globofa:, and by the French, tonnes. The characters are thefe : it is an univalve fhell, with a glo- bofe, or round belly, with a lax aperture, fometimes fmooth and fometimes dentated. The clavicle is either moderately umbonated or depreiTed ; and the columella is, in fome fpe- cies fmooth, in others wrinkled. Some authors have called thefe concha: ampul/acea ; and they have had, at times, many other names, but all tending to the fame fenfe, and exprefling the globular figure of the body, which is the great character by which thefe are diftinguiihed from all other fhells. See Tab. of fhells, N Q I5.

The Perfian fhell, fo much effeemed in cabinets, is a very fingular one j but the globofe figure of its body evidently refers it to this genus, though it differ in many other particulars from all the fpecies of it. Aldrovandus could not tell what to make of the fhells of this genus; but has thrown them together at the end of his book, obferving, that they would feem of the turbinated kind, but that they want the turbo. Hift, Nature!. Eclairc. p. 300.

The author of the Armarium Balfourianum, calls the Perfian fhell the turbo cochlea ; and fays, that many range it among the porcelains. The Ethiopian crown is another very, re- markable fpecies of the Dolhan ; it is always of a fine yel- low, and is furrounded with a crown of regular eminences. The lyra, or harp fhell, called alfo the caflandra, is another very elegant fhell of this genus, often finely variegated with the moft brilliant colours. That peculiar fpecies, known by the name of lyra nobilis, is variegated in an extreamly ele- gant manner, with a dark brown. The fig and the radifli fhells are alfo of this genus, and are very particular in their long fhape, their crooked tail, and their culours. Fabins Column, de Purpura, p. 28. c. 18.

Rumphius is very much to be blamed for confounding thefe fhells with the helmet fhell kind, which he calls Cajjldcs. But nothing can be more erroneous than this, as the helmets area genuine kind of murex, and thefe a genus wholly di- fiinct from thofe, and from all other fhells. The fhell which Rondeletius has figured under the name of the ecbinophora, is alfo one of thefe globofe fhell;.-, or dolia, and is covered ;:11 over with fmall and fhort fpines, or buttons : he has placed it among the buccinums. Armarium Balfour, p. 144. Fabius Columna has defcribed the little gondola fhell, which is a fpecies of this genus, much at large ; and fays, that it fails at pleafure in the maimer bf the nerites ; he calls it con- cha? natatilis, or neritodes minima. This genus of fhells, comprehending a great number of fpecies ; and there appear-