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allow acids, fuch as fpirit of vitriol, &c. to be the readieft of all dentifrices, to take oft" the foulnefs and yellownefs of the teeth j but though they allow thefe render them white, for the prefent, they difcountenance a frequent ufe of them, as wearing away too much of the teeth, and injuring the gums,

Tachenius attacks fpifit of vitriol even in a ftronger manner, and affirms that it cannot anfwer the firft purpofe of making the teeth white: he alledges, that the mixture of fpirit of vitriol, with any white alkali, produces a yellowifh colour, not a white one. It is evident, that our fweat, and all other matter, tranfpiring through the pores is of an alkaline nature, and there continually tranfpires through the gums fome thing of this kind, which lodging itfelf upon the teeth, muff, needs mix with the remains ©f the fpirit of vitriol left on them in the cleaning; and, by that means, the whitenefs at firft given will gradually go off; and the yellow, which is the natural refult of an alkali, with fpi- rit of vitriol, will appear in its place. Tacbenii Hippocrat. Chym. DENTIL, in architecture. See Denticle, Cyd. DENTILLARIA, in botany, a name, by which fome authors

call the plumbago, or lead wort. See Plumbago. DE ONER AN DO pro rata port ionis, in the law of England, a writ that lies where one is deftrained for a rent that is to be paid proportionably by others: thus, if a man holds ten ox- gangs of land, by fealty and ten (hillings rent, of the king ; and aliens, one oxgang to one, and another to another, in fee ; and afterwards the flier iff diftrains only one of them for the rent ; he that is fo deftrained may have this writ for his relief. Fitz. Herb. Nat. brev. f. 234. DEOSCULATION, Deofadatio, in antiquity, one of the moil antient forms of adoration. See Adoration, Cyd. and Suppl. DEPARTERS of gold and filver. See the articles Fine rs and

Depart, Cyd. DEPERSONATUS. See Dispersonatus. DEPESTA, in antiquity, a wine veflel, which the Sabines, on any feftival day fet on the table of their gods. Pitfc. Lex. Ant. in voc. DEPOPULATORES agrorum, in our ftatutes, fuch as depo- pulate or dif-people lands.

It appears by the ftatute 4 Hen. 4. c. 2. that thefe were great offenders by the antient law, and that the appeal or indict- ment againft them ought not to be in a general, but in a fpe- cial manner. They got their name of depopulatores agrorum, for that by proftrating or decaying the houfes and habitations of the king's people, they depopulate towns. Coke, 3 Inft. fol. 204. DEPOSITION, Depofitio, among the antients, a ceremony ob- ferved immediately upon a perfon's expiring, and was afolcmn manner of laying the corpfe upon the ground. Hofm. Lex. in voc. See Burial. DEPRESSED Leaf See Leaf.

DEPRESSOR {Cyd.) — Depressor Aim nafi, in anatomy, a name given by Albinus, to a mufcle of the face, called by Cowper conjlriclor alte nafi, and deprejfor labii fuperioris. Depressor angular oris, in anatomy, a name given by Albi- nus to the mufcle, called by others deprejfor labiorum communis ; which fee. DEPRIMENS (Cyd.) Deprimens Bhenter, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and others, to one of the mufcles of the lower jaw, called by others digafiricus five bhenter; and by Albinus biveuter maxilla: inferhris. Deprimens bumerum rotundas, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and others, to a mufcle called by others the teres major and rotundus major. Deprimens oceuli, 111 anatomy, a name given by Rioianus, and others, to one of the mufcles of the eye, called the humilis, and rcclus inferior by others. It is the deprejfor occuli of Cowper, and of Albinus, being one of his four re£ti. DepriiAens quintus, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius, and fome others, to the mufcle called the ceratcgloffus. See the article Ceratoglossus. DE QUIBUS y»r^//m, in law, a writ of entry. See Fitz.

Herb.Nat. brev. fol. 191. DER, a fyllable frequently prefixed to the names of places in England. It is faid to fignify that fuch were formerly places where wild beafts herded together, fo called from the Saxon 'Beofi-.fera, unlefs the iituation was near fome river. Blount. DARAIGN, or Dereyn, difrathnare vel dirstionare in our old laws, is generally ufed for the a£t of proving : thus we find, dirationabit jus fuum hares propinquior. Glanv.. 1. 2. c. 6. And, dirationavit terram illam in curia mea. Id, 1, 2. c. 20. BraClon ufes it in the fame fenfe, Habeo fujfidentem difratioci- nationem b* probationem, 1. 4. tract. 6. c. 16. And fo he makes ufe of dlfrationare, I. 4. c. 22. And we find to de- reyn the warranty in Old Nat. Br. fol. 146. To deraign that right, 3Edw. 1. c. 4. and Weftmin. t. 2. cap. 5. When the parfonof any church is difturbed to demand tithes in the next parifh, by a writ of mdicavit, the patron fliall have a writ to demand the advowfon of the tithes, being in demand ; and when it is deraigned, thenfhall the plea pafs in the court chrif- ttan, as far forth -as it is deraigned in the king's court.

D E S

DERA1NMENT, or Dereinment. The fubftantive de- remment is fometimes ufed in the fame fenfe with the French defrayer or defy -anger ; that is, to difplace or fet out of order: thus we find, deraignment or departure out of religion^ aim. 3r. Hen. 8. c. 6. & 5 and 6 Edw. 6. c. 13. Thus alfo we meet with, dereinment or difcharge of their profeffion, 33 Hen; 8. cap. 29. which is faid of thofe religious men, who forfook their orders or profeffions. See Kitchin, fol. 152. The Jeilee enters into religion, and afterwards is deraigned. And Briton, c.2i. ufes femonenfe defrenable, for a fummons that may be challenged as defective, or not lawfully made. Skene de verb, fignific. verbo difrathnare, makes it fignify what ws call waging and making of law. See Lex derailhia. DERBY marble. SeeMARBLE.

DERDER, ia the materia medica of the ancients, a name ufed by Avifcnna and Serapio, to exprefs the common elm, whole bark they ufed on many occafions. DEREFELD, in our old writers;, is ufed for a park, q. d. a field

of deer. DEREL5IDE, in botany, a name by which fome authors have

called the tamarind tree. Alpin. Egypt, p. 328. DE RE VOCATIONE parliament!, the name of a writ for recall- ing a parliament. Thus in 5 Edw. 3. the parliament being i'ummoned, was recalled by fuch a writ before it met. Vid- ian's Animad. on the 4 Inft. f.44, DERVIS (Cyd.)— Of thefe there are in Egypt two or three kinds ; thole that are in convents, are in a manner of a reli- gious order, and live retired ; though there are of thefe fome who travel and return again to their convents. Some take this character, and yet live with their families, and exercife their trades: of this kind are the dancing dervifes at Damaf- cus, who go once or twice a week to a little uninhabited con-- vent, and perform their extraordinary exercifes; thefe alfo feem to be a good people : but there is a third fort of them who travel about the country, and beg, or rather oblige peo- ple to give, for whenever they found their horn fomediing muft be given them. The people of thefe orders, in Egypt, wear an o&agonal badge, of a greenifh white alabafter, at their girdles, and a high ftiff cap without any thing round it. Po- cock's Egypt, p. 178. DESCENDENS obliquus, in anatomy, a name given by Fabri- cius, and others, to the mufcle, called by Albinus obliquus externus abdominis. DESCENT (Cyd.)— The feparating mercury from its ore by de- jcent, is performed in the following manner: take two earthen pots,with orifices of equal diameter ; adapt an iron plate to the orifice of one of the two pots, in fuch a manner that it may reft upon the brink of it, but not jut cut too much all round : let this have feveral holes bored here and there in it, but not near its bottom ; pour into this pure water, to about two inches high, then fliut it with the iron plate ; put upon this plate a fmallcr veflel, containing the ore of mercury ; then clofe thefe veffels, with the fecond pot inverted, flopping the joint well with lute ; bury the inferior pot in afhes, and put about the whole a moderate fire, continue it till the upper velTel is flightly red hot, and the mercury will be driven into the lower, in fumes, which will be condenfed by the water into running quickfilver. Cramer's art of afTaying, p. 352. DESERTERS (Cyd.) — For the manner of punifhing them a-

mong the antients, feeTRANSFUGA. DESIDERATUM, is ufed to fignify the deferable perfeaions in any art or fcience : thus, it is a defideratum with the black- fmith, to render iron fulible, by a gentle heat, and yet pre- ferve it hard enough for ordinary ufes ; with the glafs-man, and looking-glafs maker, to render glafs malleable; with the clock-maker, to bring pendulums to be ufefiil where there are irregular motions ; with the brafier and copper-fmith, to make malleable folder ; with the fliip-wright, to build veffels that will fail under water ; with the diver, to procure manage- able inftruments for conveying frefh air to the bottom of the fea, fufficient for refpiration, and the burning of lights j with the alTay-mafter, to melt or copel ores, or metals, immediately without the ufeof bellows or furnace ; and with the carvers and joiners, to fafhion wood in moulds like plaifter of Paris, or burnt alabafter, &c. And though, as Mr. Boyle observes, the obtaining of thefe deftderata may be thought chimerical, yet it is proper they fhould be propofed ; for although perfection may not be attainable, yet approaches to it may be made, and arts there- by improved. Vid. Boyle's Works abr. Vol. 1. p. 129, 136. To this we may add, that the making iron malleable with pit-coal, was once perhaps looked upon as chimerical, yet it is now put in practice, to the great advantage ol the owners of feveral mines in this kingdom.

It is a defideratum in the tin works, to find a method of ob- taining the filver out of the tin, as it- is now got out of the lead, in places where the ores are fo rich as to make it worth the while.

In the glafs-works it is a defideratum to folder up the cracks and flaws in the pots, while they are detained in the fire, and another to make glafs without veins.

A taftelefs and inodorous wine is a defideratum among vintners, and a taftelefs acid inodorous fpirit among diftiileri.

The